Razones para decidir morir en el hospital o en el domicilio. Visión de los/las profesionales / Reasons for deciding to die in hospital or at home. The vision of professionals

Objetivo: Conocer las razones que llevan a decidir que los pacientes terminales mueran en el hospital o en su domicilio, desde la perspectiva de los/las profesionales. Método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Muestreo intencionado. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales multidisciplinarios: dos en hospitales y dos en centros de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) de Sevilla. Participaron 29 profesionales con al menos 2 años de experiencia con pacientes terminales, siguiendo el criterio de saturación teórica. Resultados: Las respuestas obtenidas del guion inicial se agruparon en tres categorías centrales: paciente y familia, profesionales y proceso asistencial. No suele consultarse al paciente sobre sus preferencias respecto al lugar donde quiere morir, y si además la familia las desconoce, no se puede realizar una planificación anticipada de cuidados. La familia elige el hospital por inseguridad respecto a la posibilidad de seguimiento y recursos en APS. Los/las profesionales poseen formación para abordar la muerte, pero no se sienten preparados, focalizando la atención en aspectos clínicos o administrativos. El proceso asistencial favorece a los pacientes oncológicos, pues es más sencillo identificar su terminalidad. No hay equidad en los recursos y es mejorable la comunicación interniveles. No se facilita la integración de la familia en el proceso que interfiere en su toma de decisiones. Conclusiones: Se debe fomentar la planificación anticipada de cuidados y usar el documento de voluntades anticipadas, la comunicación y la coordinación interniveles, dotar de recursos, especialmente a APS, y formar y preparar a los/las profesionales para abordar la muerte. Hay que implicar a la familia en el proceso, aportándole el apoyo necesario

Objective: To discover the reasons for deciding to die in hospital or at home, from the perspective of professionals involved. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study. Intentional sample. Four multidisciplinary focus groups were held, two in hospitals and two in primary care centres in Seville (Spain). Twenty-nine professionals with at least two years experience in the care of people with a terminal disease participated, following the theoretical saturation of information criterion. Results: Responses from the first script were gathered in three core categories: patient and the family, professionals and care process. Patients are generally not asked about their preferences as to where they wish to die, and if their family is not aware of their preference, it is not possible to carry out advanced planning of care. Families tend to choose the hospital because of the possibility of monitoring and resources in primary care. Professionals are trained in how to approach death, but they do not feel sufficiently prepared and focus on the clinical and administrative issues. The care process favours oncology patients because it is easier to identify their illness as terminal. Resources are not equal and interlevel communication needs to be improved. The family's involvement in the process is not facilitated, which impedes their decision-making. Conclusions: Advance care planning and use of the advance directive should be promoted, as well as, interlevel communication and coordination, supply resources, especially in primary care, and professionals should receive training on how to approach death.. The patient's family should be involved in the care process and provided the necessary support

[Reasons for deciding to die in hospital or at home. The vision of professionals]. / Razones para decidir morir en el hospital o en el domicilio. Visión de los/las profesionales.

OBJECTIVE: To discover the reasons for deciding to die in hospital or at home, from the perspective of professionals involved. METHOD: Qualitative phenomenological study. Intentional sample. Four multidisciplinary focus groups were held, two in hospitals and two in primary care centres in Seville (Spain). Twenty-nine professionals with at least two years experience in the care of people with a terminal disease participated, following the theoretical saturation of information criterion. RESULTS: Responses from the first script were gathered in three core categories: patient and the family, professionals and care process. Patients are generally not asked about their preferences as to where they wish to die, and if their family is not aware of their preference, it is not possible to carry out advanced planning of care. Families tend to choose the hospital because of the possibility of monitoring and resources in primary care. Professionals are trained in how to approach death, but they do not feel sufficiently prepared and focus on the clinical and administrative issues. The care process favours oncology patients because it is easier to identify their illness as terminal. Resources are not equal and interlevel communication needs to be improved. The family's involvement in the process is not facilitated, which impedes their decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: Advance care planning and use of the advance directive should be promoted, as well as, interlevel communication and coordination, supply resources, especially in primary care, and professionals should receive training on how to approach death.. The patient's family should be involved in the care process and provided the necessary support.