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1.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(6): 540-544, nov.-dic. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-181387

RESUMO

Based on a multidisciplinary approach, the present statement proposes improvements and solutions for the primary prevention (vaccination against human papillomavirus) and secondary prevention (screening, early diagnosis) of cervical cancer in Spain


Desde una aproximación multidisciplinar, se describe la situación muy mejorable de la prevención primaria (vacunación frente a papiloma virus) y secundaria (cribado, diagnóstico precoz asistencial) del cáncer de cuello de útero en España y se aportan propuestas de solución y mejora


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Melhoria de Qualidade/tendências , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia
2.
Papillomavirus Res ; 5: 80-86, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29458181

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vulvar and vaginal cancers are considered rare cancers in women. Human Papillomavirus is responsible for 30-76% of them. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of hospital admissions by malignant neoplasia (MN) and in situ carcinoma (ISC) of vulva and vagina from 2009 to 2013, in Spain METHODS: This observational, descriptive study used discharge information obtained from the national surveillance system for hospital data, Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos, CMBD, provided by the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: From 2009-2013, we found 9,896 hospitalizations coded as MN or ISC of vulva and vagina. Mean age of hospitalization was 69.94 ±â€¯15.16 years; average length of hospital stay (ALOS) was 10.02 ±â€¯12.40 days, and mean hospitalization costs were 5,140.31 ±â€¯3,220.61 euros. Mean hospitalization rate was 9.874 per 100,000 women aged >14 years old (95% CI: 9.689-10.058); mean mortality rate was 0.932 per 100,000 women aged >14 years old (95% CI: 0.872-0.991) and mean case fatality rate was 9.438% (95% CI: 8.862-10.014). CONCLUSION: MN and ISC of vulva and vagina are responsible for a considerable hospitalization burden. Information about these hospitalizations could be useful for cost effectiveness analysis and monitoring of HPV vaccination effectiveness.


Assuntos
Carcinoma in Situ/epidemiologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Hospitalização/economia , Neoplasias Vaginais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Vulvares/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma in Situ/economia , Carcinoma in Situ/mortalidade , Carcinoma in Situ/virologia , Feminino , Custos Hospitalares , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Tempo de Internação/economia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Vagina/patologia , Vagina/virologia , Neoplasias Vaginais/economia , Neoplasias Vaginais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Vaginais/virologia , Vulva/patologia , Vulva/virologia , Neoplasias Vulvares/economia , Neoplasias Vulvares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Vulvares/virologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(3): 265-270, jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-899904

RESUMO

OBJETIVO Analizar las características poblacionales y los métodos diagnósticos de patología cervical para la prevención del cáncer de cérvix de tres hospitales españoles para mejorar y unificar los programas de cribado y prevención. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Estudio retrospectivo de las características demográficas y clínicas de 408 mujeres con patología cervical uterina diagnosticadas en 3 hospitales españoles. Se comparan los factores de riesgo, el proceso diagnóstico y la indicación de tratamiento de dos grupos: las que requirieron conización cervical (n=222) y las que no precisaron tratamiento quirúrgico (n=186). También se analizan las recomendaciones vacunales y su grado de cumplimiento. RESULTADOS Las mujeres conizadas usaron más anticoncepción hormonal y tienen un mayor hábito tabáquico mientras que el número de compañeros sexuales es mayor en pacientes no conizadas. Más del 50% de pacientes con biopsia cervical positiva presentaron un resultado igual o más grave en la anatomía patológica de la pieza quirúrgica. Existen diferencias significativas en sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo de la citología y de la determinación de HPV entre hospitales. La recomendación de vacunación en ambos grupos fue similar, el porcentaje de mujeres que no la cumplieron fue elevado y significativamente mayor entre pacientes conizadas. CONCLUSIÓN En nuestro medio las mujeres conizadas tienen características clínicas y epidemiológicas diferentes a las no conizadas, existen diferencias entre las técnicas diagnósticas de distintos hospitales y sin embargo la concordancia entre biopsia y resultado del cono es elevada. Sigue siendo necesaria una correcta educación sanitaria en relación con la vacunación en mujeres con patología cervical.


BACKGROUND To analyse the characteristics of the population and diagnostic methods related to the cervical cancer prevention program in three different-level hospitals of a Spanish region in order to improve and unify the screening program. METHODS We retrospectively studied demographic and clinical characteristics of 408 women with cervical lesions diagnosed in three hospitals in Aragon (Spain). Correlation between risk factors, diagnosis process and conisation indication was analysed divided in two groups: conisation required (n=222) or non-conisation (n=186). We also assessed the number of vaccine recommendations made to the patients and the degree of compliance. RESULTS Conisaited women more frequently used a combined hormonal contraceptive method and are more smokers, while the sexual partners are more in women without conisation. More than 50% of women con positive biopsy was confirmed after surgical treatment. There are significant differences between sensibility and positive predictive value of pap-smear and HPV determination in different hospitals. The recombinant vaccine was recommended to both groups at a similar rate. The percentage of women who were recommended to receive the vaccine but chose not to do it, was high in both groups but significantly higher in the Conisation group. CONCLUSION In our environment conisaited women have different clinical and epidemiological profiles, there are differences between diagnosis techniques in different hospitals, however, the concordance between biopsy and definitive result is high. A good sanitary education is necessary in relation with the vaccination of women with cervical pathology.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Colo do Útero/patologia , Conização/métodos , Papillomaviridae , Espanha , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
4.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(3): 166-169, mayo-jun. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163858

RESUMO

Paciente de 73 años remitida por hallazgo casual de una gran masa abdominal. En la ecografía abdominal se observó una tumoración mixta de predominio quístico que ocupaba todo el abdomen, desde la pelvis hasta el apéndice xifoides. La TC abdómino-pélvico informó de una masa quística que ocupaba todo el abdomen en relación con cistoadenoma/cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso ovárico, por lo que se indicó tratamiento quirúrgico y el diagnóstico definitivo fue un leiomioma dependiente del útero con degeneración hidrópica. Los miomas uterinos son tumoraciones frecuentes en la mujer, sin embargo si presentan cambios degenerativos, puede ser difícil su diagnóstico inicial, al simular patología anexial (AU)


A 73-year-old woman was referred to our service due to incidental discovery of a large abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound showed a mixed tumour, predominantly cystic, occupying the whole abdomen from the pelvis to the xyphoid process. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography revealed a cystic mass that filled the abdomen. The preoperative diagnosis was ovarian mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma. Surgical treatment was indicated. The definitive diagnosis was leiomyoma with cystic degeneration. Leiomyomas are common tumours in women but if they have degenerative changes they may cause confusion in the initial diagnosis, as they can simulate a cystic adnexal mass (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Leiomioma/patologia , Leiomioma/cirurgia , Leiomioma , Achados Incidentais , Histerectomia/métodos , Endométrio/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Cistadenoma/patologia , Cistadenoma , Cistadenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Cistadenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise
5.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(6): 251-258, jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-100312

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer el conocimiento de las recomendaciones españolas para el cribado del cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) y evaluar la utilización por los ginecólogos en España de las pruebas de detección del virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Sujetos y métodos. Encuesta dirigida a ginecólogos de la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia y la Asociación Española de Patología Cervical y Colposcopia. Se recogieron los datos aportados por 141 especialistas. Resultados. Participó el 30% de la población objeto de estudio. El 95,6% conocía las recomendaciones. El 93,5% utilizaba habitualmente la técnica de detección del VPH (el 77,7% como cribado de CCU). Los criterios de uso variaron considerablemente entre participantes. El principal motivo para no usar la técnica fue su falta de disponibilidad. Conclusiones. Es necesario reforzar la formación e información sobre las recomendaciones disponibles acerca de las nuevas estrategias de cribado y, en particular, del uso clínico de la determinación del VPH (AU)


Objective. To determine knowledge of the Spanish guidelines for cervical cancer screening, and to evaluate the use of tests for the detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) by Spanish gynecologists. Subjects and methods. The survey focused on gynecologists who were members of the Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the Spanish Association of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy. One hundred forty-one specialists completed the questionnaire. Results. Thirty percent of the target population participated. A total of 95.6% were aware of the recommendations and 93.5% routinely used the test for the detection of the HPV (77.7% for cervical cancer screening). The criteria for the use of the test varied considerably among participants. The main reason for not using the technique was its unavailability. Conclusions. Training and information on the available recommendations for the new screening strategies and, particularly, on the clinical use of HPV determination should be reinforced (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/métodos , Enquete Socioeconômica , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(4): 153-164, abr. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99707

RESUMO

Objetivo. Valorar el grado de conocimiento y la aplicación en la práctica clínica de las nuevas recomendaciones auspiciadas por la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia (SEGO), para la prevención del cáncer de cuello de útero y la vacunación frente al virus del papiloma humano (VPH), por parte de los ginecólogos españoles. Métodos. Estudio transversal (desde noviembre de 2010 a marzo de 2011) en el que a través de una plataforma on line los participantes cumplimentaron una encuesta de conocimientos y de práctica clínica real sobre la epidemiología de la infección por el VPH, cribado del cáncer de cuello uterino y la vacuna frente al VPH, desarrollada previamente por el Comité Científico Nacional. Resultados. Un total de 454 ginecólogos participaron en el estudio. Se observó un buen conocimiento sobre la transmisibilidad del VPH, volumen de enfermedad relacionado con VPH, mortalidad por cáncer de cuello de útero, demostración de memoria inmune, seguridad y eficiencia de las vacunas frente a VPH y espectro de protección de la vacuna tetravalente. Los conocimientos sobre la tasa de mujeres sexualmente activas positivas al VPH a los 5 años, diferencia entre eficacia y eficiencia del cribado citológico e intervalos de control seguros en mujeres con doble test negativo (citología y VPH) fueron deficientes. Asimismo, la actitud proactiva de la vacunación frente al VPH en el segmento de edad prioritario (<27 años) fue pobre, con una tasa de encuestados del 63% recomendando la vacunación. Sorprendentemente, un 4% recomendaba la vacuna en mujeres mayores de 45 años. El 15% manifestaba no disponer de tiempo para explicar que el control trienal citológico es seguro y el 27% lo consideraba inseguro. El 35% declaró no tener disponible el test de VPH en su medio. En un 12% de los casos, la colposcopia se usaba como complemento de la citología en la revisión inicial. Conclusiones. Aunque los conocimientos de la epidemiología y vacunas frente al VPH eran adecuados, la actitud proactiva de vacunación en el grupo etario preferente fue pobre. Solo un 38% de los participantes demostró un seguimiento completo de las recomendaciones de la SEGO. Es indispensable diseñar e implementar estrategias a nivel nacional para difundir y mejorar la aplicación clínica de dichas recomendaciones (AU)


Objective. To assess the degree of knowledge of the new recommendations of the Spanish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia [SEGO]) for the prevention of cervical cancer and vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV) among Spanish gynecologists and implementation of these recommendations in daily clinical practice. Methods. A cross-sectional survey (from November 2010 to March 2011) was carried out, in which participants used an online platform to complete a questionnaire previously developed by the National Scientific Committee on knowledge of the epidemiology of HPV infection, cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccines, and activities related to these issues in daily clinical practice. Results. A total of 454 gynecologists participated in the study. The gynecologists showed good knowledge of HPV transmission, HPV disease load, mortality due to cervical cancer, demonstration of immune memory, safety and efficiency of HPV vaccines, and the spectrum of protection by the tetravalent vaccine. Knowledge of the rate of sexually-active HPV-positive women at 5 years, differences between the efficacy and efficiency of cytological screening, and safe screening intervals in women with a double negative test (cytology and HPV) was deficient. Proactive attitudes to HPV vaccination in the priority age group (<27 years) was poor, with 63% of the surveyed physicians recommending vaccination. Surprisingly, 4% recommended vaccination in women older than 45 years. Fifteen percent reported they lacked time to explain that cytological testing every 3 years was safe, and 27% considered this practice unsafe. Thirty-five percent reported that the HPV test was unavailable in his/her environment. In 12% of cases, colposcopy was used to complement cytology at the initial visit. Conclusions. Although knowledge of HPV epidemiology and vaccines was adequate, proactive attitudes to HPV vaccination in the preferential age group were scarce. Complete adherence to SEGO recommendations was found in only 38% of participants. Nationwide strategies should be designed and introduced to spread and improve the implementation of these recommendations in daily clinical practice (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Prática Profissional/ética , Padrões de Prática Médica , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Sociedades Médicas/ética , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Sociedades Médicas , Administração da Prática Médica/ética , Administração da Prática Médica/tendências
7.
Hum Vaccin ; 7(8): 856-63, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21785284

RESUMO

An important percentage of vulvar and vaginal cancers may be attributed to infections by the human papillomavirus. Although the incidence of invasive vulvar and vaginal cancers is low, it has remained stable over the past years. Hospital discharges related to malignant neoplasias and in situ carcinomas of the vulva and vagina from 1997 to 2008 were selected from the Minimum Data Set of the Ministry of Health in Spain. 17,883 hospital admissions related to vulvar and vaginal malignant neoplasias and 2,185 admissions related to in situ carcinomas of the vulva and vagina were gathered, with a hospitalization rate of 7,054 and 0.862 discharges per 100,000 women/year, respectively. The mean age of patients was 57 (SD:18) years, and the mean length of hospital stay was 8 (SD:10) days. There was a statistically significant increase in the hospitalization rate for malignant neoplasias and in situ carcinomas with increasing patient age. This increase was significant for all locations. Overall, there was a case fatality rate of 9.34% for vulvar and vaginal malignant neoplasias and 0.46% for in situ carcinomas of an external genital organ. Mortality and case fatality rates increased significantly throughout the length of the study. 92% of all deaths occurred in those older than 55 years of age. Mortality and case fatality rates also increased significantly with age. The hospitalization rate follows a north-south pattern. These data of the pre-anti-HPV vaccine era may be useful to develop cost-effectiveness models and strategies and evaluate the impact of HPV vaccination in Spain.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Vaginais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Vagina/patologia , Neoplasias Vaginais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Vaginais/virologia , Vulva/patologia , Neoplasias Vulvares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Vulvares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Vulvares/virologia
8.
Hum Vaccin ; 7(5): 585-9, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21552002

RESUMO

The circumstances that in the opinion of the authors influence the lower than expected uptake of the vaccine against human papillomavirus in Spain are analyzed. Among others, aspects related to doubts about efficacy and safety, the attitude of the Spanish health authorities or the role of media and the antivaccine groups, as well as the vaccination "culture" of the gynecologist, are discussed. The authors conclude that only with the coordinated effort of all involved bodies in the vaccination process (health authorities, scientific societies, social agents, media...) wide coverage of HPV vaccine will be achieved.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Feminino , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Vacinação , Adulto Jovem
9.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(supl.1): 1-19, jun. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142730

RESUMO

La demostración del papel etiológico del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) para todos los cánceres de cuello de útero y para una fracción alta de los de vulva permite establecer nuevas estrategias para su prevención primaria y secundaria. Esta revisión persigue adecuar la práctica clínica sobre la prevención primaria y secundaria de los cánceres de cuello de útero y vulva a las mejores evidencias científicas disponibles, a través de recomendaciones prácticas siguiendo la estrategia basada en la evidencia con metodología GRADE y el método de consenso. La vacunación frente al VPH cuenta con evidencias de alto nivel que confirman su seguridad y eficacia. Su aplicación preferencial a niñas preadolescentes y a mujeres hasta los 26 años es una recomendación firme. La metodología del cribado sufre cambios, a partir de la confirmación de la eficacia del control trienal citológico hasta los 30 años y la incorporación a partir de esta edad de la determinación del VPH. De la aplicación conjunta de una vacunación con alta cobertura y de un cribado rediseñado, con el test de VPH en primera línea, surge la mejor protección frente al cáncer de cuello de útero. Para el cáncer de vulva, la vacuna tetravalente ha demostrado ya una alta eficacia en la prevención de sus lesiones precursoras. Una cuidada valoración de los síntomas y signos vulvares, especialmente en mujeres mayores, es la mejor manera de prevenir secundariamente la aparición del cáncer de vulva (AU)


Proof of the etiological role of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for all cervical cancers and for a high percentage of cancers of the vulva allows us to establish new strategies for their primary and secondary prevention. Vaccination against the HPV shows level I evidence confirming its safety and efficacy. Its preferential application on pre-teenage girls and young women up to 26 years old is strongly recommended. Cervical cancer’s screening recommendations have reached a point of inflexion since the efficacy of cytological screening every 3 years for women under 30 years old was confirmed, and the very high efficacy of the HPV test on women over 30 years of age. As a result of the joint implementation of a high coverage vaccine and a redesigned screening programme, with front line HPV testing, we have better protection against cervical cancer. For cancer of the vulva, the tetravalent vaccine has already proved to be highly efficient in the prevention of its previous lesions. A careful valuation of vulvar symptoms, specially in older women, is the best way of secondarily preventing the apparition of a cancer of the vulva (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Ginecologia/ética , Pediatria , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Neoplasias Vulvares/tratamento farmacológico , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Estágio Clínico , HIV/metabolismo , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Ginecologia/educação , Pediatria/métodos , Prevenção Primária/classificação , Prevenção Secundária/normas , Neoplasias Vulvares/radioterapia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Estágio Clínico/métodos , HIV/imunologia , Preparações Farmacêuticas/metabolismo
10.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(6): 361-369, jun. 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60912

RESUMO

La vacunación frente al virus del papiloma humano (VPH) es una estrategia preventiva primaria altamente eficaz y segura contra el cáncer de cuello de útero, pero no elimina la necesidad de seguir aplicando a las mujeres vacunadas un programa de prevención secundaria. El uso clínico de la vacuna determinará un número apreciablemente menor de resultados citológicos anormales, expresión de la alta eficacia de la vacunación frente a la infección incidente por VPH. En consecuencia, se deberá usar una prueba muy sensible en primera línea del cribado en sustitución de la citología, con problemas de sensibilidad. La prueba de determinación del VPH es muy sensible, y cuando se usa en el grupo de edad adecuado (> 30 años) es muy específico. El uso sinérgico de vacunación y cribado rediseñado se ha mostrado en los modelos de evaluación publicados como una estrategia altamente eficaz y muy eficiente (AU)


The HPV vaccine is a primary preventive strategy against cervical cancer. It is highly effective and safe, but its implementation does not preclude the need to maintain a secondary prevention protocol for all vaccinated women. The clinical use of the vaccine will lead to a noticeably lower number of abnormal smear reports, as a result of the vaccine¿s high efficacy against the HPV infection. Consequently, a higher sensitivity test needs to be applied as a first-line screening test, instead of Pap smears, with lower sensitivity. The HPV test is highly sensitive, and when applied to the appropriate age group (30+), it is also very specific. In the published evaluation models, the combined use of the vaccine and the redesigned screening test has been proved to offer high levels of efficacy and efficiency (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , /administração & dosagem , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidade , Fatores de Risco
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