Exploring copper (II) porphyrin complexes and their derivatives for electrochemical analysis and biological assessment in the study of breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines.

In this study, several derivatives of tetraphenylporphyrin were synthesized, each with unique meso-substituent groups including phenyl, methoxyphenyl, butyloxyphenyl, octyloxyphenyl, and dectyloxyphenyl. Additionally, their corresponding copper complexes were prepared and thoroughly characterized. The structural confirmation of all compounds was established through CHN elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR spectroscopy. As the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl long-chain increased, a slight red shift in the electronic absorption band was observed, which was attributed to the electronic influence of the alkyl group. DFT analysis indicated that electron density predominantly localized on the porphyrin ring of both the metal free porphyrins and copper (II) porphyrin complexes, with relatively low electron density in the p orbital of the meso-aryl long-chain substituent group. EPR spectroscopy of the Copper (II) ion complexes revealed signals, indicating their paramagnetic properties. Additionally, the Copper (II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP) complexes displayed two reversible oxidation peaks at +0.97 V and +1.35 V, whereas other derivatives exhibited lower oxidation potentials. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against MCF-7 cell lines was assessed using MTT assay, revealing cytotoxic effects in all cases. Among them, Copper (II) tetrakis (4-methyloxyphenyl)porphyrin (CuTOMPP) demonstrated the highest potential, with an IC50 value of 32.07 µg/mL.

In vitro toxicological assessment and biosensing potential of bioinspired chitosan nanoparticles, selenium nanoparticles, chitosan/selenium nanocomposites, silver nanoparticles and chitosan/silver nanocomposites.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used in various industries and biological fields. H2O2 rapidly contaminants with water resources and hence simple detection process is highly wanted in various fields. The present study was focused on the biosensing, antimicrobial and embryotoxicity of bioinspired chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs), selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs), chitosan/selenium nanocomposites (Cs/Se NCs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and chitosan/silver nanocomposites (Cs/Ag NCs) synthesized using the aqueous Cucurbita pepo Linn. leaves extract. The physico-chemical properties of as-synthesized nanomaterials were confirmed by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Further, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing properties and their sensitivities were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods, in which Cs/Ag NCs showed pronounced sensing properties. In addition, the mode of antibacterial interaction results clearly demonstrated the effective inhibitory activity of as-prepared Ag NPs and Cs/Ag NCs against Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. The highest embryotoxicity was recorded at 0.19 µg/ml of Ag NPs and 1.56 µg/ml of Se NPs. Intriguingly, the embryo treated with Cs/Se NCs and Cs/Ag NCs significantly reduced the toxicity in the presence of Cs matrix. However, Cs/Se NCs did not show good response in H2O2 sensing than the Cs/Ag NCs, implying the biocompatibility of Cs/Ag NCs. Overall, the obtained results clearly suggest that Cs/Ag NCs could be suitable for dual applications such as for the detection of environmental pollutant biosensors and for biomedical research.

Electrospun Nanofibers of Natural and Synthetic Polymers as Artificial Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering.

Many types of polymer nanofibers have been introduced as artificial extracellular matrices. Their controllable properties, such as wettability, surface charge, transparency, elasticity, porosity and surface to volume proportion, have attracted much attention. Moreover, functionalizing polymers with other bioactive components could enable the engineering of microenvironments to host cells for regenerative medical applications. In the current brief review, we focus on the most recently cited electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffolds and divide them into five main categories: natural polymer-natural polymer composite, natural polymer-synthetic polymer composite, synthetic polymer-synthetic polymer composite, crosslinked polymers and reinforced polymers with inorganic materials. Then, we focus on their physiochemical, biological and mechanical features and discussed the capability and efficiency of the nanofibrous scaffolds to function as the extracellular matrix to support cellular function.

In vivo toxicity evaluation of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on adult zebrafish: a comparative study.

In this study, toxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was compared using zebrafish as a model organism. At 96 h, LC50 of AgNPs and AuNPs was found to be 24.5 µg/L and 41 mg/L, respectively. Following the LC50 determination, half of the LC50 of AgNPs (12.25 µg/L) and AuNPs (20.5 mg/L) was exposed to adult zebrafishes for 14 days. Morphological changes, liver marker enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, genotoxic effects and mRNA expression levels of oxidative stress and innate immune response related genes were studied using nanoparticle treated gill, liver and blood cells. In this study, AgNP-treated gill and liver tissues showed a number of morphological changes such as cell membrane damage, irregular cell outlines, pyknotic nuclei and complete disruption of gill and liver cells; on the contrary, AuNPs treated liver tissues alone showed such changes. The levels of liver marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased after AgNPs treatment when compared to AuNPs treatment. AgNP-treated liver cells showed higher levels of ROS generation than the control; on the other hand, AuNPs treatment exhibited lower levels of ROS generation than the control. Interestingly, AgNP-treated blood cells showed micronuclei formation and nuclear abnormalities, while AuNPs treatment did not show such effects. Based on these observations, it is clear that AgNPs may cause oxidative stress and immunotoxicity to adult zebrafish than the AuNPs. However, these results clearly reveal the significance of relatively safe and less toxic bionanomaterials for possible biomedical applications.

Anticancer activity of biologically synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles on mouse myoblast cancer cells and their toxicity against embryonic zebrafish.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of bioinspired silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against mouse myoblast cancer cells (C2C12). Both AgNPs and AuNPs were biologically synthesized using Spinacia oleracea Linn., aqueous leaves extract. UV-Vis. spectrophotometer, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies supported the successful synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs. Both these NPs have shown cytotoxicity against C2C12 cells even at very low concentration (5µg/mL). Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining confirmed the apoptotic morphological features. The levels of caspase enzymes (caspase-3 and caspase-7) were significantly up-regulated in NPs treated myoblast cells than the plant extract. Furthermore, in zebrafish embryo toxicity study, AgNPs showed 100% mortality at 3µg/mL concentration while AuNPs exhibited the same at much higher concentration (300mg/mL). Taken together, these results provide a preliminary guidance for the development of biomaterials based drugs to fight against the fatal diseases for example cancer.