Atretic cephaloceles with different imaging phenotypes - Case series with review of literature.

Atretic cephaloceles (ACs) are congenital skull defects with herniation of rudimentary intracranial structures through the defect and associated with persistent falcine sinus or embryonic positioning of straight sinus. We describe five cases of ACs, out of which only one had embryonic straight sinus. Three cases had other intracranial malformations such as hypoplasia of corpus callosum, dysplastic tectum in one child and parieto-occipital polymicrogyria with falcotentorial dehiscence in the other, and frontal horn deformity and cortical dysplasia in the third. The prognosis of AC depends on the coexistent intracranial abnormalities and this highlights the role of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing the other associated anomalies for prediction of prognosis and planning of necessary surgical management.

Spectrum of intracranial and spinal epidermoids including unusual locations and imaging findings: A pictorial review.

Intracranial and spinal epidermoids are benign slow-growing congenital lesions. They are predominantly intradural, extra-axial in location, with intra-axial locations (intra-parenchymal and spinal intramedullary) being rare. The most common locations of intradural epidermoids are cerebellopontine angle cistern followed by supra- and para-sellar regions, and fourth ventricle. Less common locations include inter-hemispheric fissure, sylvian fissure, lateral ventricle, intracerebral, velum interpositum cistern, superior cerebellar cistern and pineal gland. They can also be extradural, usually arising in the diploic space of the calvaria, though they are less common. Magnetic resonance imaging is the primary modality for diagnosis and knowing the extent of the lesion. In this pictorial review, we intend to illustrate their classical and unusual locations, atypical imaging findings including calcifications, rare complications like haemorrhage or spontaneous rupture.

Intrasphenoidal Rathke Cleft Cyst: A Rare Case Report.

Rathke cleft cysts are benign lesions of the sellar and suprasellar region. Extrasellar intrasphenoidal Rathke cleft cysts are rare with only one case reported in pediatric age group. The presenting complaints described include headache and diplopia. We report a case of intrasphenoidal Rathke cleft cyst in a 15-year-old girl who presented with headache and visual disturbances. Neuroimaging showed an expansile cystic lesion involving the sphenoid sinus with mass effect over the pituitary and optic chiasma. Endoscopic decompression of the cystic lesion was done and histopathology of the cyst wall revealed it to be Rathke cleft cyst. Follow-up MRI showed total resection of the cystic lesion with residual partial left optic nerve atrophy.