RESUMO
Full and simultaneous exploitation of features designed to maximize signal-to-noise ratio with the new generation of ultrasound equipment enabled detailed sonographic depiction of the anatomy of the hip and its surroundings. Scanning in familiar planes provided images that are easier to interpret. In addition, correlation of these images with cryomicrotome sections and histochemical studies disclosed several new findings. The articular cartilage of infant hips-composed mostly of water-is anechoic. However, the hyaline cartilage-which contains many vascular channels, columns of cartilage cells, and mesenchymal stroma-appears as alternating hypoechoic or anechoic columns and echogenic columns. The fibrocartilage of the limbus, on the other hand, is echogenic, as are other fibrous tissues. As expected, the points of attachment of the distal aspect of the synovial membrane, the fibrous capsule, and the ligaments in relation to the epiphyseal growth plate, varied with age, as did the characteristics of the cartilaginous structures. Familiarization with the sonographic appearance of normal hip anatomy in subjects of all ages is a first step toward recognition of various pathologic entities of the hip.
Assuntos
Articulação do Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adolescente , Cartilagem Articular/anatomia & histologia , Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Secções Congeladas , Quadril/metabolismo , Articulação do Quadril/metabolismo , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Artropatias/diagnóstico , Valores de Referência , Ultrassonografia/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
In six infants, aged 2 days to 3 months, the use of head clamps for immobilization during radiography resulted in depression of the cranial vault. In all of the infants the depression disappeared after removal or repositioning of the clamp. However, because of the possible unfavorable consequences, head clamps with spongy, larger surface areas should be used in infants.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/etiologia , Equipamentos e Provisões/efeitos adversos , Radiografia/instrumentação , Humanos , Imobilização , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Congenital absence of a main pulmonary artery is a rare anomaly. Most patients without associated congenital cardiac abnormalities are asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is first suggested by the appearance of the involved lung on a routine chest roentgenogram. The ipsilateral lung will be smaller than normal, and the contralateral lung will be overinflated and may herniate across the midline. We describe eight children with unilateral pulmonary arterial atresia (seven on the right side, four of whom were without associated cardiac anomalies).
