Metabolic equivalents intensity thresholds for physical activity classification in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Although the metabolic equivalents (METs) system is a common procedure to quantify the intensity of physical activity in older adults, it remains unclear whether the conventional METs intensity thresholds (CTs) used for this purpose are appropriate in this population. Therefore, this study aimed (i) to derive overall and fitness-specific METs intensity thresholds in older adults ≥ 60 years old (OATs) expressed both in standard METs (VO2/3.5 mL O2·kg-1·min-1) and older adults METs60+ (VO2/2.7 mL O2·kg-1·min-1), and (ii) to compare them with the CTs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects were assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness. Graded exercise test protocols using indirect calorimetry were performed to calculate individual VO2max and categorize subjects as "very poor/fair" or "good/superior" fitness. Overall and fitness-specific OATs expressed in standard METs (OATsstandard) and METs60+ (OATs60+) were derived based on the %VO2max and the ventilatory thresholds (VTs) physical intensity categories. RESULTS: Significantly higher VO2max, VO2 at VT1 and VO2 at VT2 (p < 0.001) were obtained in the "good/superior" subgroup compared to the "very poor/fair" fitness subgroup. Accordingly, OATs were approximately 69% higher in individuals with a "good/superior" fitness compared to those with a "very poor/fair" fitness. Furthermore, this study showed that OATsstandard were approximately 21-24% lower than OATs60+, and 10-22% higher OATs were observed when following the VTs intensity categories (heavy-intensity physical activity [HPA] and severe-intensity physical activity [SPA]) compared to the %VO2max categories (moderate-intensity physical activity [MPA] and vigorous-intensity physical activity [VPA]). When compared with the CTs, similar or higher OATsstandard and OATs60+ for MPA, and HPA were obtained compared to the conventional MPA threshold (3.0 METs). Conversely, for VPA and SPA, lower, similar, or higher OATs were obtained depending on the METs derivation approach (OATsstandard or OATs60+) or the intensity categories (VO2max or VTs), compared to the conventional VPA threshold (6.0 METs). CONCLUSIONS: None of the derived OATs were concurrently similar to the CTs, suggesting that fitness-specific METs intensity thresholds adapted to the METs derivation approach should be used in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: FenotipAGING (Non-health-care intervention study), PRO-Training (NCT05619250).

Apical post-infarction ventricular septal defect blockage using the direct externalization and enmeshment to the right ventricular moderator band concept: case series.

Background: Transcatheter treatment in post-infarction ventricular septal defects can be unique and complex; hence, the development of a new technique is needed to improve outcomes. Summary: We describe two cases in which large and complex apical post-infarction ventricular septal defects were treated with a novel transcatheter approach as salvage and the other due to refusal for open surgical repair. By direct externalization and enmeshment of a device to the right ventricular moderator band, the defect was blocked and immediate improvement of haemodynamics was achieved. Conclusion: In large, complex, apical post-infarction ventricular septal defects with no apical rims, the DEXTER technique allows for exclusion of the defect and vestigialization of the right ventricular apex. An immediate and dramatic haemodynamic improvement can therefore be achieved.

Effect of dietary stevia-based sweetener on body weight and humoral immune response of broiler chickens.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Steviol glycosides extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have been of much consideration recently because of their beneficial effects on health, raising the possibilities for improving farm animals' health. Although some studies on stevia's dietary effect on body weight gain are available, few studies have been conducted to evaluate stevioside supplementation on immune response in broilers. This experiment aimed to analyze how a stevia-based sweetener can affect broiler chickens' growth performance and humoral response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experiment, one hundred and twenty 1-day-old Cobb-line broiler chicks fed with commercial starter/grower diets were included in three groups and supplemented with stevia-based sweetener at levels 0, 80, and 160 ppm, respectively. Chickens were weighed on day 0 and every 7 days for the next 6 weeks. Chicks were then immunized on days 10 and 24 with a Newcastle and infectious bronchitis vaccine and blood sampled on days 7, 24, and 35. Serologic assays were performed to detect specific antibody levels. RESULTS: The body weight means and body weight gain on day 42 were found to be significantly higher in birds from the group fed with 80 ppm of stevia-based sweetener than those in the control group and slightly higher than those in the group supplemented with 160 ppm of stevia-based sweetener. Likewise, on day 35, antibodies against the Newcastle disease virus were higher in the treatment groups. Immune response to infectious bronchitis virus vaccination was not statistically different among the three groups through the experiment. CONCLUSION: Stevia-based sweetener at 80 ppm in commercial-based diets improved body weight gain and immune response in broiler chickens at the market age.

Hiperuricemia asintomática y enfermedad arterial coronaria / Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and coronary artery disease

Antecedentes: El ácido úrico se ha relacionado con la tendencia de precipitarse para formar cristales, que se presenta desde manera asintomática hasta con artritis, tofos o litiasis renal. Con anterioridad, se ha asociado la hiperuricemia asintomática a la presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivos: Determinar la asociación de enfermedad arterial coronaria compleja en pacientes con hiperuricemia asintomática. Material y métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, unicéntrico. En un hospital de tercer nivel de México, en el periodo comprendido de junio del 2017 a marzo del 2019. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes que ingresaron para realizar angiografía coronaria; se excluyó a los pacientes con gota, uso de diuréticos y enfermedad renal crónica. Resultados: Durante el periodo del estudio se seleccionó a un total de 300 pacientes, de los cuales 40% presentaron hiperuricemia. Los pacientes con hiperuricemia eran de mayor edad (59 vs. 63; p = 0,002). El grupo de pacientes con hiperuricemia asintomática tuvo mayor proporción de lesiones coronarias complejas (64 vs. 35%; p ≤ 0,0001), así como también mayor puntuación del SYNTAX I score (27 vs. 17; p ≤ 0,001). Hubo mayor probabilidad de presentar lesiones coronarias complejas en este grupo de pacientes (OR 3,4; p ≤ 0,0001). Además, en la división por grupos de nivel de ácido úrico, se relacionaba con la presencia de lesiones coronarias complejas (Q1 = 0,5; p = 0,06); (Q2 = 2; p = 0,01) y (Q3 = 3; p ≤ 0,0001). Conclusión: Los pacientes con hiperuricemia asintomática tienen mayor riesgo de presentar lesiones coronarias complejas.(AU)

Background: Uric acid has been related to a tendency to precipitate to form crystals, presenting asymptomatically, until the formation of arthritis, tophi or renal lithiasis. Previously, the presence of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia has been associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To determine the association of complex coronary artery disease in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Material and methods: An observational retrospective, transversal, unicentric study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mexico, in the period from June 2017 to March 2019. All patients admitted for coronary angiography were included; patients with gout, use of diuretics and chronic kidney disease were excluded. Results: During the study period, a total of 300 patients were collected, of which 40% presented hyperuricaemia. The patients with hyperuricaemia were older (59 vs. 63, P = .002). The group of patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia had a higher proportion of complex coronary lesions (64 vs. 35%, P ≤ .0001) as well as a higher SYNTAX I score (27 vs. 17, P ≤ .001). There was a higher probability of presenting complex coronary lesions in this group of patients (OR 3.4, P ≤ .0001). In addition, in the group division of uric acid levels, it was related to the presence of complex coronary lesions (Q1 = .5, P = .06), (Q2 = 2, P = .01) and (Q3 = 3, P ≤ .0001). Conclusion: Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia has a higher prevalence and association of presenting complex coronary lesions.(AU)

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia: Diagnosis and Seroprevalence in the South of Sonora, Mexico.

Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) is the most severe presentation of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection known as Maedi-Visna. Serological evidence in Mexico of the presence of this lentivirus was published in 1986. After that, studies revealed that SRLVs have a broad distribution in Mexico by detecting antibodies or/and molecular tests; however, a descriptive case of the disease has not been published. This work's objective was to describe the diagnosis of a case of OPP through lesion description, serology, and molecular test. The histopathological study showed that lymph follicular hyperplasia, interstitial pneumonia, and smooth muscle hyperplasia were presented. The serological test demonstrated specific antibodies against the Maedi-Visna virus, and PCR analysis demonstrated a positive outcome. These results include the criteria for the diagnosis of OPP. The serological prevalence of this disease is presented, contributing to the knowledge of the ecology of this disease in the world. This work is the first case report of ovine progressive pneumonia in Mexico and evidence of seroprevalence in sheep herds from Sonora, Mexico.

Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and coronary artery disease. / Hiperuricemia asintomática y enfermedad arterial coronaria.

BACKGROUND: Uric acid has been related to a tendency to precipitate to form crystals, presenting asymptomatically, until the formation of arthritis, tophi or renal lithiasis. Previously, the presence of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia has been associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association of complex coronary artery disease in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational retrospective, transversal, unicentric study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mexico, in the period from June 2017 to March 2019. All patients admitted for coronary angiography were included; patients with gout, use of diuretics and chronic kidney disease were excluded. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 300 patients were collected, of which 40% presented hyperuricaemia. The patients with hyperuricaemia were older (59 vs. 63, P = .002). The group of patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia had a higher proportion of complex coronary lesions (64 vs. 35%, P ≤ .0001) as well as a higher SYNTAX I score (27 vs. 17, P ≤ .001). There was a higher probability of presenting complex coronary lesions in this group of patients (OR 3.4, P ≤ .0001). In addition, in the group division of uric acid levels, it was related to the presence of complex coronary lesions (Q1 = .5, P = .06), (Q2 = 2, P = .01) and (Q3 = 3, P ≤ .0001). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia has a higher prevalence and association of presenting complex coronary lesions.

Aplicación de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en Odontología / Application of Natural and Traditional Medicine in Dentistry

Los procedimientos de la Medicina Natural Tradicional tienen en común el objetivo de prevenir y tratar las enfermedades. Este tipo de medicina es una mezcla de todas aquellas artes curativas que han formado parte del patrimonio cultural de cada nación. Su empleo data desde los tiempos más remotos en los que el hombre buscaba remedio para sus males en la flora de su hábitat. Con el objetivo de analizar las plantas medicinales de interés estomatológico, se realizó una consulta bibliográfica de 26 documentos en bibliotecas y portales digitales como Infomed, Pubmed y Scielo, haciéndose uso de la información más actualizada y relacionada con el tema. Se llegó a la conclusión de que las plantas medicinales tienen una aplicación terapéutica importante en la estomatología, lo que indica que se debe continuar perfeccionando la cultura sobre su empleo en esta ciencia.

Simultaneous extraction of antibiotic and estrogen from animal blood serum using aqueous two-phase systems as predictor of environmental impact.

Efficient analytical methods are required for optimizing dosage of veterinary antibiotics and hormones in order to reduce toxicity and antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a rapid and low-cost method for determination of hormone estradiol and antibiotic chlortetracycline in bovine and porcine blood serum by aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) extraction and capillary electrophoresis quantification. ATPS based on ionic liquid cholinium alaninate and citrate salt along with mixtures of protic and aprotic polar solvents were evaluated in terms of recovery of extraction (%R). The liquid-liquid equilibrium, phase diagrams, and tie lines are discussed. Antibiotic migrated to solvent-rich phase (R ≈ 89.0%) to all systems. Estradiol migrates to ionic liquid-rich phase; however, addition of 10% methanol changed partition to solvent-rich phase (R ≈ 89.7%). The method has high recovery and cleanliness, is cost-efficient, scalable, and hence is adequate for screening of antibiotics and hormones tested in animal blood serum for dosage optimization and to predict their environment.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in hematologic and solid organ malignancies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Febrile neutropenia (FN) frequently develops among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the use of empiric antibiotics has been a standard of care for FN according to the last 2010 Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, the role of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with high risk features in preventing febrile neutropenia remains to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing post-chemotherapy FN among patients with hematologic and solid organ malignancies. METHODS: A literature search of published English language clinical trials was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Collaboration from January 1980 - October 2015. Four hundred thirty two articles were extracted from our literature search and narrowed down through specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results were analyzed based on 1) incidence of FN in post chemotherapy cancer patients, 2) mortality rate, and 3) incidence of FN with different antibiotics. Assessment of methodological quality of each study was done using the Jadad scale. Odds ratios and Forest plots were computed and generated respectively using RevMan 5.2 (© 2013 the Cochrane Collaboration). RESULTS: Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the incidence of FN (OR 0.59[0.37, 0.91]). Overall effect was significant; Z= 2.35 (p= 0.02). Febrile episodes occurred less frequently in those patients who received prophylactic antibiotic treatment (OR 0.43 [0.34, 0.53]) Z = 7.59 (p CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of FN among cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, decreases febrile episodes in neutropenic patients, and overall, prevented FN by up to 3.51-fold.

Pathway-based analysis of genome-wide siRNA screens reveals the regulatory landscape of APP processing.

The progressive aggregation of Amyloid-ß (Aß) in the brain is a major trait of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Aß is produced as a result of proteolytic processing of the ß-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Processing of APP is mediated by multiple enzymes, resulting in the production of distinct peptide products: the non-amyloidogenic peptide sAPPα and the amyloidogenic peptides sAPPß, Aß40, and Aß42. Using a pathway-based approach, we analyzed a large-scale siRNA screen that measured the production of different APP proteolytic products. Our analysis identified many of the biological processes/pathways that are known to regulate APP processing and have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, as well as revealing novel regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that some of these processes differentially regulate APP processing, with some mechanisms favouring production of certain peptide species over others. For example, synaptic transmission having a bias towards regulating Aß40 production over Aß42 as well as processes involved in insulin and pancreatic biology having a bias for sAPPß production over sAPPα. In addition, some of the pathways identified as regulators of APP processing contain genes (CLU, BIN1, CR1, PICALM, TREM2, SORL1, MEF2C, DSG2, EPH1A) recently implicated with AD through genome wide association studies (GWAS) and associated meta-analysis. In addition, we provide supporting evidence and a deeper mechanistic understanding of the role of diabetes in AD. The identification of these processes/pathways, their differential impact on APP processing, and their relationships to each other, provide a comprehensive systems biology view of the "regulatory landscape" of APP.

Organización de servicios hospitalarios ante una epidemia de Influenza A (H1N1). Hospital Héroes del Baire. Isla de la Juventud 2010 / Organization of hospital services before an epidemic of Influenza A (H1N1). Hospital “Heroes of the Baire”. Island of the Youth 2010

La organización de los servicios hospitalarios para el enfrentamiento de una epidemia de Influenza A (H1N1), afección de transmisión respiratoria constituye un reto y el éxito logrado dependerá, en gran medida, de los cambios organizativos desplegados desde la etapa de planificación y constituyen parte indispensable de la estrategia de trabajo. Objetivo: Describir las principales experiencias organizativas que fueron desarrolladas en el Hospital General Docente Héroes del Baire, durante la etapa de Pandemia de Influenza A (H1N1) el año 2009-2010. Método: Estudio prospectivo. Investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud, donde se hizo una amplia revisión bibliográfica, que se combina con técnicas de grupo (para la definición progresiva de la estrategia organizativa) y se enmarcan las experiencias contenidas en la carpeta de decisiones” creada al efecto. Resultados: Se reconocen los diferentes cambios realizados, modificación a los flujos habituales y conceptos en la atención médica, incluida la extensión y expansión de los servicios y sus camas de dotación. Se consideró oportuno la suspensión de la actividad quirúrgica electiva, la materialización de consultas diferenciadas en los servicios de urgencia, la definición de un área para atención a pacientes graves, el manejo diferenciado de las pacientes embarazadas, puérperas y neonatos, la capacitación continuada y el aseguramiento médico a la protección del personal, el aislamiento de los casos, la alimentación y esterilización. Conclusiones: La reorganización de la asistencia médica, los recursos humanos, la capacitación continuada, el apoyo logístico, la optimización de los recursos dirección y el trabajo colectivo(AU)

Breast lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome complicated by acute monocular blindness.

A 69-year-old hypertensive woman presented with eye and mouth dryness, bilateral parotid gland enlargement, associated with anasarca and proteinuria. Family history was notable for malignancies including breast, nasopharyngeal and colon cancers. Physical exam disclosed hypertension, bilaterally enlarged, firm, non-tender parotid glands, fine bibasilar crackles and bipedal edema. Anti Ro/Sjögren's syndrome antigen A antibody was positive, with negative tests for anti La/Sjögren's syndrome antigen B and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA). Chest radiographs showed basal infiltrates. Sjögren's syndrome associated with glomerulonephritis and interstitial lung disease was diagnosed, and she received pulse methylprednisololone followed by oral prednisone with dramatic improvement. Two months later, while on prednisone 5 mg/day, she returned to the clinic with an enlarging fixed non-tender right breast mass. She underwent modified radical mastectomy of the right breast, and pathologic report revealed diffuse, small cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast; axillary lymph nodes were negative for tumor. She opted for alternative therapy and did not return to the clinic until 7 months later when she developed sudden monocular blindness in the right eye with no other systemic manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed swelling and enhancement of intracanalicular and pre-chiasmatic segments of the right optic nerve and right side of the optic chiasm. Considerations were Devic's disease versus metastases. She received pulse methylprednisolone therapy (1 g/day for 3 days) with partial recovery of vision. She is scheduled for lymphoma chemotherapy to include rituximab.

Accumulation and tissue distribution of heavy metals and essential elements in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Spanish Mediterranean coastline of Murcia.

Sea turtles are of increasing interest as potential bioindicators of the heavy metal pollution in marine ecosystems. In the present work, concentrations of heavy metals and essential elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn) in different organs and tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, bone, blood, central nervous system and skin) of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were determined from stranded animals found along the Spanish Mediterranean coastlines of Murcia. Relatively high average levels of As (skin: 52.13 microg g(-1) dry weight; muscle: 40.95 microg g(-1) dry weight), and especially high individual levels of Zn in muscle tissue (1002.4 microg g(-1) dry weight) were detected. Furthermore, a significant degree of organotrophism of Cd was observed in kidney tissue. The concentrations detected, the distribution among the tissues and the differences observed between juvenile and adult specimens are generally compatible with chronic exposure to the elements studied, whilst levels produced by acute exposure were ruled out.

Síndrome de Turner mosaico 45, X/46, XX/47, XXX asociado al síndrome de Klippel-Feil / Turner's syndrome by mosaicism 45, X/46, XX/47, XXX associated to the Klippel-Feil syndrome

Introducción. El síndrome de Turner se debe a la ausencia o anomalía de un cromosoma X, dando como consecuencia talla baja, disgenesia gonadal y estigmas físicos. Se ha descrito su asociación con otras alteraciones como las enfermedades de origen autoinmune y, en raros casos, coexistiendo con el síndrome de Klippel-Feil. Objetivo: informar el caso de una niña con síndrome de Turner por mosaicismo 45, X/46, XX/47, XXX y en la que coexiste el síndrome de Klippel-Feil. Caso clínico. Paciente femenino con talla baja y estigmas físicos del síndrome de Turner, que presenta limitación para los movimientos de rotación del cuello y adopta una posición obligada de inclinación lateral derecha de su cráneo. El cariotipo mostró un complemento cromosómico 45, X/46, XX/47, XXX; radiológicamente se observó fusión de la primera a la quinta vértebras cervicales y fusión vertebral de la séptima cervical con la primera torácica. Conclusión. Pudiera representar el primer caso de síndrome de Turner con esta variedad citogenética asociada al síndrome de Klippel-Feil.

Introduction. Turner's syndrome is due to the absence or anomaly of an X chromosome, resulting in short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and various physical characteristics. The association of this syndrome with other alterations such as autoimmune diseases has been described and, in rare cases, coexists with Klippel-Feil syndrome. We undertook this study to report the case of a female with Turner's syndrome with mosaicism (45,X/46,XX/ 47,XXX) with the coexistence of Klippel-Feil syndrome. Case report. We present the case of a female patient with short stature and physical characteristics of Turner's syndrome. The patient presented with limitations of neck movement with a forced position to the right side of her skull. Karyotype showed a chromosomal complement (45,X/46,XX/47,XXX). Radiologically, fusion of the first and fifth cervical vertebrae and vertebral fusion of the seventh cervical vertebra with the first thoracic vertebra were observed. Conclusion. This may represent the first case of Turner's syndrome associated with a cytogenetic variety of Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Estudio clínico y genético del síndrome de Moebius / Clinic and genetic study of Moebius syndrome

Introducción. Objetivo: analizar las manifestaciones clínicas fundamentales del síndrome de Moebius, su involucro genético y los factores que en nuestro medio se relacionan con esta entidad. Métodos. En un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo se analizaron los datos clínicos y de anamnesis familiar de 23 casos de niñas y niños con síndrome de Moebius, vistos en el Hospital del Niño de Villahermosa, Tabasco, en los últimos 20 años. Los criterios para el diagnóstico se establecieron con base a las manifestaciones clínicas, considerándose para ello a la inexpresividad facial, alteración de la succión y cierre palpebral incompleto con deficiente o nula visión lateral. Resultados. La inexpresividad facial, la ptosis palpebral, pabellones auriculares grandes y la microglosia fueron los datos clínicos más representativos. En 2 pacientes se documentó la secuencia de Poland como entidad asociada. El análisis cromosómico realizado en 11 de los casos mostró normalidad cromosómica en el número y en la estructura. Todos los pacientes estudiados representaron casos esporádicos. Conclusión. El diagnóstico temprano de la secuencia de Moebius favorece la planeación en el manejo del enfermo, y al mismo tiempo ofrece a los padres de los afectados un asesoramiento genético oportuno.

Introduction. Objective: to analyze the fundamental clinical manifestations of the Moebius syndrome, and the genetic factors related to this pathology. Methods. In a retrospective descriptive study the clinical data and familiar anamnesis of 23 cases of girls and boys with Moebius syndrome attended in Children's Hospital of Villahermosa, Tabasco over the last 20 years, were analyzed. The criteria for the diagnosis were done on the basis of clinical manifestations, which included face inexpressiveness, alteration of the suction, and incomplete palpebral closure with partial or non-lateral vision. Results. Face inexpressiveness, palpebral ptosis, big auricular pavilions and microglossia were the most representative clinical data. Two patients had Poland sequence in association to this pathology. Chromosomal analysis of the 11 cases showed normality in number and structure. All the studied patients represented sporadic cases. Conclusion. An early diagnosis of Moebius syndrome favors an optimal patient management as well as an opportune genetic counseling.

Molecular packing effects on the optical spectra and triplet dynamics in oligofluorene films.

We report on the triplet spectra and dynamics in two types of oligomeric films deposited by two different techniques: thermal evaporation and spin coating. The different molecular arrangement in both films is manifested in a red shift of the absorption, PL, and T1-Tn absorption spectra of the sublimated film relative to the spin-coated one. Triplet recombination dynamics studied with steady-state photoinduced absorption (PA) spectroscopy follow a dispersive bimolecular recombination model away from the trap filling regime. We obtained values for the triplet bimolecular recombination ratio (beta) of 3.4 x 10 (-14) and 1.1 x 10 (-15) cm3 s (-1) for evaporated and spin-coated film, respectively, the difference being attributed to diverse molecular arrangement in both films.

The role of substituents on functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline in controlling the emission properties of cationic iridium(III) complexes of interest for electroluminescent devices.

The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the novel complexes [Ir(ppy)(2)(5-X-1,10-phen)][PF(6)] (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, phen = phenanthroline, X = NMe(2), NO(2)), [Ir(pq)(2)(5-X-1,10-phen)][PF(6)] (pq = 2-phenylquinoline, X = H, Me, NMe(2), NO(2)), [Ir(ppy)2(4-Me,7-Me-1,10-phen)][PF(6)], [Ir(ppy)2(5-Me,6-Me-1,10-phen)][PF(6)], [Ir(ppy)(2)(2-Me,9-Me-1,10-phen)][PF(6)], and [Ir(pq)2(4-Ph,7-Ph-1,10-phen)][PF(6)] have been investigated and compared with those of the known reference complexes [Ir(ppy)(2)(4-Me or 5-H or 5-Me-1,10-phen)][PF(6)] and [Ir(ppy)(2)(4-Ph,7-Ph-1,10-phen)][PF(6)], showing how the nature and number of the phenanthroline substituents tune the color of the emission, its quantum yield, and the emission lifetime. It turns out that the quantum yield is strongly dependent on the nonradiative decay. The geometry, ground state, electronic structure, and excited electronic states of the investigated complexes have been calculated on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT approaches, thus substantiating the electrochemical measurements and providing insight into the electronic origin of the absorption spectra and of the lowest excited states involved in the light emission process. These results provide useful guidelines for further tailoring of the photophysical properties of ionic Ir(III) complexes.

Exostosis múltiple hereditaria y síndrome de Down / Multiple hereditary exostoses and Down's syndrome

Introducción. La exostosis múltiple hereditaria es un trastorno autosómico dominante caracterizada por excrecencias cartilaginosas múltiples, fundamentalmente, en huesos de las extremidades, y en la que se han descrito como asociados el síndrome de Langer Giedion, la leucemia mieloide aguda y la espondilitis anquilosante. Objetivo: describir el caso de un niño de 10 años de edad en el cual coexisten la exostosis múltiple hereditaria y síndrome de Down. Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 10 años, con edad aparente mayor a la real, braquicefalia, fisuras palpebrales oblicuas, epicanto, puente nasal aplanado, retardo mental, con presencia de tumoraciones de 3 x 2 cm aproximados, localizadas en extremidades, cintura escapular y pélvica, con marcha claudicante y complemento cromosómico de 47, XY, +21. Conclusión. Parece tratarse del primer caso en donde coexisten el síndrome de Down y la exostosis múltiple.

Introduction. Multiple hereditary exostoses is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple osteochondromas, fundamentally in bones of the extremities, and in which they have been described like the associates the syndrome of Langer Giedion, the acute myeloid leukemia and the ankylosing spondylitis. Objective: to describe the case of 10-year-old boy in which coexist multiple hereditary exostoses and Down's syndrome. Case report. Male patient with greater apparent age to the real one, brachycephaly, up slanting palpebral fissures, low nasal bridge, mental deficiency, and tumors presence of approximate 3 x 2 cm, located in extremities waist scapular and pelvic, with failing march and complement chromosomal of 47, XY, + 21. Conclusion. We report appears to be the first case of Down's syndrome with the coexistence of multiple exostoses.

Síndrome de Pfeiffer tipo 2 con expresividad variable

Introducción. Objetivo: presentar un caso clínico de síndrome de Pfeiffer, de 5 años de edad, con cráneo en trébol, proptosis ocular severa, y aparentemente sin retardo mental Caso clínico. Niño de 5 años de edad, producto de segunda gesta, embarazo normoevolutivo de término; padres de 19 años de edad al momento de nacer el propositus, sin antecedentes teratogénicos, ni consanguinidad o de otro padecimiento similar en miembros de la familia. A la exploración física: cráneo en trébol, frente amplia y prominente, proptosis ocular (antecedente de salida del globo ocular derecho en dos ocasiones), aplanamiento medio facial, pabellones auriculares con hélix de configuraciones en cruz horizontal, primer dedo de manos y pies anchos de su falange distal, sindactilia parcial en manos y pies. El cariotipo en linfocitos de sangre periférica mostró un complemento cromosómico normal 46, XY. Radiológicamente se observó cráneo en trébol, con múltiples impresiones digitales. Conclusión. El caso presentado aquí corresponde clínica y radiológicamente a un síndrome de Pfeiffer tipo 2, sin complicaciones viscerales y con desarrollo neurológico de acuerdo a su edad cronológica.

Introduction. Since 1964, about 30 cases of Pfeiffer syndrome type 2 have been informed; this variant is characterized by cloverleaf skull, prominent forehead, severe ocular proptosis, severe central nervous system damage, elbow synostosis, and early death. Case report. A 5 years old male withouth antecedents of consanguinity, teratogenic exposure of his parents (of 19 years of age at the time of the bird of patient), or familial malformation, was admitted. On physical examination a cloverleaf skull, wide forehead, ocular proptosis (in 2 previous occasions the right eye exited), mid facial flattening, horizontal cross configuration of ear helix, widening of the first finger of hand and feet, and partial syndactyly of hands and feet were observed. A normal 46 XY cariotype, and a normal neural development were found. Discussion. We present a case of Pfeiffer syndrome type 2 without visceral complications and normal neurologic development.