Análisis diferencial de variables psicológicas relacionadas con el compromiso para la práctica deportiva en universitarios durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19 / Differential Analysis of Psychological Variables Related to the Commitment to Sport Practice in University Students During Confinement by COVID-19

En la actualidad los componentes psicológicos han alcanzado una importancia muy notable en la adquisición de comportamientos saludables. Por lo tanto, este estudio analiza las diferencias entre variables psicológicas que se relacionan con la práctica deportiva en estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento causado por la COVID-19. El estudio tuvo una muestra de 1239 participantes (765 varones y 474 mujeres), de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 45 años (M = 21,44; DT = 3,94). Se utilizó un cuestionario que incluyó la Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), la Escala de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio; la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Actividad Física; y la Escala de Grado de Compromiso Deportivo. Los resultados más relevantes muestran diferencias significativas (p<0,01) en favor del género masculino en casi todas las variables psicológicas excepto en la desmotivación, así mismo en lo que respecta a la motivación controlada y desmotivación, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las localidades pequeñas y grandes, siendo los valores más altos en las primeras (p<0,05 y <0,01). Se discuten los resultados con objeto de determinar las diferencias en cuanto a qué componentes psicológicos permitirían plantear intervenciones que sean más efectivas para lograr la práctica regular de actividades deportivas así como su compromiso y adherencia, mediante el uso de estrategias que vayan encaminadas a fomentar la motivación autónoma de los universitarios y contrarrestar los efectos de la motivación controlada y la desmotivación. (AU)

Nowadays, psychological components have attained a very notable importance in the acquisition of healthy behaviours. Therefore, this study analyses the differences between psychological variables that are related to sports practice in university students during the confinement caused by COVID-19. The study had a sample of 1239 participants (765 males and 474 females), aged 16-45 years (M = 21.44, SD = 3.94). A questionnaire, which included the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale; the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale; and the Degree of Sport Commitment Scale, was used. The most relevant results show significant differences (p<0.01) in favour of the male gender in almost all psychological variables except demotivation. Likewise, with regard to controlled motivation and demotivation, significant differences were found between small and large localities, with higher values in the former (p<0.05 and <0.01). The results are discussed in order to determine the differences in terms of which psychological components would allow for interventions that might be more effective in achieving regular sport practice, commitment, and adherence through the use of strategies aimed at fostering autonomous motivation in university students and counteracting the effects of controlled motivation and demotivation. (AU)

Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Treated with Natalizumab.

Natalizumab is a disease-modifying drug that has proved greatly effective and well-tolerated in highly-active Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, it may increase the risk for opportunistic infections, such as viral ones. We describe a 37-year-old woman treated with Natalizumab for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RR-MS) who presented to our clinic with malaise, arthromyalgias, rash, and fever. She later developed diarrhea and severe abdominal pain. A diagnosis of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection and acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) was eventually made. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AAC possibly related to Natalizumab therapy and B19V infection.

Optimization of the heterologous production of a Rhizopus oryzae lipase in Pichia pastoris system using mixed substrates on controlled fed-batch bioprocess.

In this work a systematic study of the influence of methanol set-point and sorbitol feeding rate in fed-batch operation with a Pichia pastoris Mut(s) strain producing Rhizopus oryzae lipase is presented. Different experiments were made at a constant methanol set-point of 0.5, 2 and 4gl(-1), controlled by a predictive algorithm at two different sorbitol feeding rates to assure a constant specific growth rate of 0.01 and 0.02h(-1), by means of a pre-programmed exponential feeding rate strategy. Lipolytic activity, yields, productivity and specific productivity, but also specific growth, consumption and production rates were analyzed showing that the best values were reached when the methanol set-point was 2gl(-1) with a low influence of the constant specific growth rate tested. The sorbitol addition as a co-substrate during the induction phase avoids the severe decrease of the specific production rate obtained when methanol was used as a sole carbon source and it permits to achieve higher ROL production.

Sorbitol co-feeding reduces metabolic burden caused by the overexpression of a Rhizopus oryzae lipase in Pichia pastoris.

To improve the specific production rate of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) in Pichia pastoris, a protein that triggers the unfolded protein response in P. pastoris, the effect of sorbitol/methanol mixed substrates was tested in batch and fed-batch cultures. Remarkably, a different substrate consumption behaviour was observed depending on the host's phenotype (Mut(+) or Mut(s)) in batch cultures: when the methanol assimilation capacity is genetically reduced (Mut(s) phenotype), both substrates were consumed simultaneously, allowing not only a higher specific growth rate but also higher lipase levels (8.7-fold) compared to those obtained by cells growing on methanol as a sole carbon source in batch culture. This effect was not observed in Mut(+) phenotype, where the two substrates were consumed sequentially and the levels of heterologous product were only slightly higher (1.7-fold). A mixed substrate strategy was also applied to a Mut(s) fed-batch culture at a low methanol concentration set-point (0.5 gl(-1)). This resulted in a 2.2-fold increase in the heterologous protein level achieved, compared with the methanol-only feeding strategy. In addition, sorbitol co-feeding permitted the achievement of higher specific growth rates, and avoided the drastic decrease of the specific production rate observed after the start of the induction phase when methanol was used as sole carbon source This resulted in a significant increase in the overall bioprocess volumetric productivity (2.2-fold) and specific productivity (1.7-fold). Moreover, whereas increased ROL gene dosage in Mut(s) strains have been previously reported to be deleterious for P. pastoris cells growing on methanol, sorbitol co-feeding allowed for sustained cell growth and lipase production.

A simple model-based control for Pichia pastoris allows a more efficient heterologous protein production bioprocess.

A predictive control algorithm coupled with a PI feedback controller has been satisfactorily implemented in the heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase production by Pichia pastoris methanol utilization slow (Mut(s)) phenotype. This control algorithm has allowed the study of the effect of methanol concentration, ranging from 0.5 to 1.75 g/L, on heterologous protein production. The maximal lipolytic activity (490 UA/mL), specific yield (11,236 UA/g(biomass)), productivity (4,901 UA/L . h), and specific productivity (112 UA/g(biomass)h were reached for a methanol concentration of 1 g/L. These parameters are almost double than those obtained with a manual control at a similar methanol set-point. The study of the specific growth, consumption, and production rates showed different patterns for these rates depending on the methanol concentration set-point. Results obtained have shown the need of implementing a robust control scheme when reproducible quality and productivity are sought. It has been demonstrated that the model-based control proposed here is a very efficient, robust, and easy-to-implement strategy from an industrial application point of view.

Operational strategies, monitoring and control of heterologous protein production in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under different promoters: a review.

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has been widely reported as a suitable expression system for heterologous protein production. The use of different phenotypes under PAOX promoter, other alternative promoters, culture medium, and operational strategies with the objective to maximize either yield or productivity of the heterologous protein, but also to obtain a repetitive product batch to batch to get a robust process for the final industrial application have been reported. Medium composition, kinetics growth, fermentation operational strategies from fed-batch to continuous cultures using different phenotypes with the most common PAOX promoter and other novel promoters (GAP, FLD, ICL), the use of mixed substrates, on-line monitoring of the key fermentation parameters (methanol) and control algorithms applied to the bioprocess are reviewed and discussed in detail.

Estudio de prevalencia de silicosis en una fábrica de vidrios / Study of the prevalence of silicosis at a glass factory

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de silicosis en una industria con riesgos reconocidos, como es la fabricación del vidrio, relacionandola con el tiempo de exposición al polvo e intensidad de dicha exposición y en forma retrospectiva a través de las cifras halladas evaluar las medidas de protección ambiental aplicadas a la industria. Se estudiaron 112 trabajadores entre los que se encontraron diez con silicosis. Fueron todas formas simples: cuatro con presentación típica y seis con localización no habitual, sólo en campos medios e inferiores del pulmón. Todos tuvieron opacidades pequeñas, redondeadas y la mayoría asoció opacidades lineales e irregulares que vinculamos a formas precoces de silicosis y al hábito de fumar. Se estableció una asociación significativa con los años y la intensidad de exposición al polvo. Se completó la evaluación con estudio funcional respiratorio que mostró obstrucción leve, restricción o patrón normal. La anatomía patológica mostró obstrucción leve, restricción o patrón normal. La anatomía patológica mostró desde nódulos silicóticos a fibrosis focales discretas. Los autores señalan la importancia de hacer mediciones correctas de la fracción inhalable y porcentaje de sílice libre para establecer una correlación con la prevalencia encontrada, a fin de ayudar a determinar los niveles de seguridad efectivos en las industrias que emplean sílice