Selected 'Starter kit' energy system modelling data for selected countries in Africa, East Asia, and South America (#CCG, 2021).

Energy system modeling can be used to develop internally-consistent quantified scenarios. These provide key insights needed to mobilise finance, understand market development, infrastructure deployment and the associated role of institutions, and generally support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modeling, especially in developing countries, thereby causing delays to decision making. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero-order energy system model for a range of developing countries in Africa, East Asia, and South America, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organisations, journal articles, and existing modeling studies. This means that the datasets can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. As an example, these data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model for Kenya using the Open Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and the results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.

Technoeconomic data adopted for the development of a long-term electricity supply model for the Hashmite Kingdome of Jordan.

Electrical generation in Jordan currently relies on imported fossil fuels. In the past, most imported fossil fuels were subsidised by neighbouring countries through grants and aid. This has led to a regulated market, with subsidised low-cost electrical energy consumers, and the government being the sole buyer and seller of electricity. With the ageing of the national electrical infrastructure, political instability in the region, and lack of funds for direct investment, other options needed to be pursued. Long term Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) were granted to Independent Power Producers (IPP) to encourage investment in capacity and infrastructure. In addition, long-term fuel contracts were signed to secure steady flow of primary fuel sources. Over the past few years, renewable energy penetration has increased rapidly, but without proper planning or taking into consideration long term PPA and fuel contracts. Data in regard to the current infrastructure, renewable energy technology, signed energy commitments and system operation assumptions are described in this article, which may be used for modelling and analysis. The Data were collected from annual reports from the different energy related entities in Jordan.

Oral mucosal melanoma: Conservative treatment including laser surgery

Objective: To discuss the convenience of laser surgery as optimal treatment for melanoma of the oral mucosa.Patients and methods: A retrospective evaluation of four patients with primary oral melanomas treated at a singleCancer Institution in Mexico City.Results: Two patients were treated with resection of the melanoma with CO2 laser together with extraction of theinvolved dental organs and curettage of the alveolar walls. These two cases had melanoma in situ with multipleisolated foci. The third patient had a lesion with vertical growth, who was submitted to partial maxillectomy alongwith selective dissection of bilateral neck levels I-V with a negative report and the fourth patient had a history oforal nodular melanoma and presented with lymph node metastasis. According to follow-up status, there was nodistant metastasis in any of the patients reported here.Conclusion: In our experience, conservative management with CO2 laser is adequate for melanomas of the oralmucosa with extraction of the dental organs and curettage of the alveoli to achieve complete surgical resectionmicroscopically without sacrifice of the quality of life. Management of the neck is controversial. We recommendselective therapeutic resection of the neck only if it is found to be clinically positive. Elective dissection has notshown to have an impact in overall survival (AU)

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Oral mucosal melanoma: conservative treatment including laser surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the convenience of laser surgery as optimal treatment for melanoma of the oral mucosa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of four patients with primary oral melanomas treated at a single Cancer Institution in Mexico City. RESULTS: Two patients were treated with resection of the melanoma with CO2 laser together with extraction of the involved dental organs and curettage of the alveolar walls. These two cases had melanoma in situ with multiple isolated foci. The third patient had a lesion with vertical growth, who was submitted to partial maxillectomy along with selective dissection of bilateral neck levels I-V with a negative report and the fourth patient had a history of oral nodular melanoma and presented with lymph node metastasis. According to follow-up status, there was no distant metastasis in any of the patients reported here. CONCLUSION: In our experience, conservative management with CO2 laser is adequate for melanomas of the oral mucosa with extraction of the dental organs and curettage of the alveoli to achieve complete surgical resection microscopically without sacrifice of the quality of life. Management of the neck is controversial. We recommend selective therapeutic resection of the neck only if it is found to be clinically positive. Elective dissection has not shown to have an impact in overall survival.

Vertical partial hemilaryngectomy with reconstruction by false cord imbrication.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate global survival, disease-free period, complications, evolution and function in vertical partial hemilaryngectomy (VPHL) plus reconstruction with false cord. METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study. In aertiary care medical center in Mexico City. Eight patients with early diagnosis of early glottic cancer (T1 and T2), treated with VPHL plus reconstruction with false cord imbrication. RESULTS: Fifty percent of the patients were clinical stage I, 37.5% stage II and 12.5% stage III. Nasogastric tube was not placed and oral feeding was reinitiated within 3 days on average. Tracheostomy was removed after an average of 2.1 days. Average hospital stay was 3.3 days. Average of the PSS-HNC (Performance Status for Head and Neck Cancer) and Karnofsky Performance Status evaluation was 91 to 97 and 100 at 1 year of evaluation. Voice evaluation demonstrated normal voice in 87.5% of patients. Intensity was below normal with improvement on annual evaluation. Global survival was 100% and disease-free period was 71% at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: VPHL with reconstruction by false cord imbrication is an excellent therapeutic option for early glottic cancers. Multiple functional advantages are demonstrated without sacrificing oncological control as well as providing an audible and intelligible voice. In cases of recurrence, various management options are available.

Laser resection of liposarcoma of the hypopharynx

Liposarcomas represent between 15 and 18% of all sarcomas with the most common site being the extremities and retroperitoneum. Liposarcomas of the head and neck are rare, with an estimated incidence representing 3 to 5.6% of all liposarcomas. Liposarcomas most commonly present in the soft tissues of the neck. Primary liposarcoma of the hypopharynx (piriform sinus) is extremely rare. The symptoms presented are principally dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia, airway obstruction and sensation of a foreign body. Treatment of choice is surgery, and the literature describes the performance of lateral pharyngotomy, simple excision and even total laryngectomy. We present the case of a 23-year-old patient who was diagnosed 7 years prior with liposarcoma of the piriform sinus. The patient underwent surgery using a cervical approach. The tumor recurred 4 years postoperatively and the patient was again surgically intervened using the same approach. He presented to our Institute with 3 months evolution of dysphonia. Nasofibrolaryngoscopy and imaging studies were performed. Surgical treatment was decided upon with CO2 laser using suspension microlaryngoscopy, obtaining excellent results. Some of the advantages of this approach are low morbidity because of the avoidance of performing a tracheostomy, rapid return to oral feeding without necessity of a feeding tube, and reduction in hospitalization days. Disadvantage includes difficulty in evaluating margins (AU)

[Zenker's diverticulum: laser or stapler treatment]. / Divertículo de Zenker. Tratamiento láser o engrapadora.

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to report on transoral endoscopic management of Zenker's diverticulum. METHODS: Four patients with Zenker's diverticulum were treated by transoral microendoscopic surgery, two by stapler and two by laser resection. RESULTS: All patients were successfully treated, and no complications were noted. Hospital stay was <24 h in all cases. Patients treated by stapler resumed oral feeding 8 h after surgery and those treated by laser required nasogastric tube feeding. Normal oral intake was achieved 5 days later. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, treatment for Zenker's diverticulum must be done by transoral approach. Technique selection (laser or stapler) depends on surgeon's experience and their access to technology. Both techniques have important advantages when compared to classic open surgery (shorter hospital stay, lower cost, low morbidity and low rate of complications). Open surgery is indicated only when transoral technique is impossible for medical reasons or technical challenges, such as when technological support is not available.

Laser resection of liposarcoma of the hypopharynx.

Liposarcomas represent between 15 and 18% of all sarcomas with the most common site being the extremities and retroperitoneum. Liposarcomas of the head and neck are rare, with an estimated incidence representing 3 to 5.6% of all liposarcomas. Liposarcomas most commonly present in the soft tissues of the neck. Primary liposarcoma of the hypopharynx (piriform sinus) is extremely rare. The symptoms presented are principally dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia, airway obstruction and sensation of a foreign body. Treatment of choice is surgery, and the literature describes the performance of lateral pharyngotomy, simple excision and even total laryngectomy. We present the case of a 23-year-old patient who was diagnosed 7 years prior with liposarcoma of the piriform sinus. The patient underwent surgery using a cervical approach. The tumor recurred 4 years postoperatively and the patient was again surgically intervened using the same approach. He presented to our Institute with 3 months evolution of dysphonia. Nasofibrolaryngoscopy and imaging studies were performed. Surgical treatment was decided upon with CO2 laser using suspension microlaryngoscopy, obtaining excellent results. Some of the advantages of this approach are low morbidity because of the avoidance of performing a tracheostomy, rapid return to oral feeding without necessity of a feeding tube, and reduction in hospitalization days. Disadvantage includes difficulty in evaluating margins.

Divertículo de Zenker: tratamiento láser o engrapadora / Zenker's diverticulum: laser or stapler treatment

Objetivo: Mostrar el manejo endoscópico transoral del divertículo de Zenker. Casos clínicos: Cuatro pacientes con divertículo de Zenker fueron sometidos a cirugía microendoscópica transoral, dos con grapeo y dos con resección láser. Resultados: Todos los pacientes fueron tratados exitosamente, ninguno presentó complicaciones, la estancia hospitalaria fue menor a 24 horas. Los pacientes con grapeo reiniciaron la vía oral a las ocho horas, los pacientes con resección láser a los cinco días y requirieron sonda nasoyeyunal. Conclusiones: El tratamiento actual del divertículo de Zenker debe ser transoral, la selección de la técnica (láser o engrapado) depende de la experiencia y la disposición tecnológica. Ambas tienen ventajas importantes sobre la técnica abierta: bajo costo hospitalario, disminución en la estancia hospitalaria, morbilidad y complicaciones). La cirugía abierta está reservada para cuando no sea posible el abordaje transoral por motivos técnicos o médicos.

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to report on transoral endoscopic management of Zenker's diverticulum. METHODS: Four patients with Zenker's diverticulum were treated by transoral microendoscopic surgery, two by stapler and two by laser resection. RESULTS: All patients were successfully treated, and no complications were noted. Hospital stay was <24 h in all cases. Patients treated by stapler resumed oral feeding 8 h after surgery and those treated by laser required nasogastric tube feeding. Normal oral intake was achieved 5 days later. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, treatment for Zenker's diverticulum must be done by transoral approach. Technique selection (laser or stapler) depends on surgeon's experience and their access to technology. Both techniques have important advantages when compared to classic open surgery (shorter hospital stay, lower cost, low morbidity and low rate of complications). Open surgery is indicated only when transoral technique is impossible for medical reasons or technical challenges, such as when technological support is not available.