Filogeografía de glmM en cepas de Helicobacter pylori aisladas de pacientes con patologías gástricas al sur de México / Phylogeography of glmM in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastric pathologies in southern Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN: Helicobacter pylori posee un genoma de aproximadamente 1600 genes, el gen glmM está altamente conservado y se ha utilizado para identificar H. pylori por su sensibilidad y especificidad en biopsias gástricas. La diversidad genética de H. pylori es alta entre cepas del mismo origen geográfico y es aún más a escala global. En México, son pocos los estudios que destacan la importancia de la variabilidad genética de esta bacteria, la cual es estudiada mediante técnicas moleculares. OBJETIVO: Analizar la variabilidad genética del gen glmM en cepas de H pylori de pacientes con patologías gástricas. METODOLOGÍA: Se analizaron solo 90 secuencias del gen glmM (10 de grupo de estudio y 80 depositadas en el GenBank), posteriormente realizamos redes de haplotipos, donde se puede observar las diferencias en pasos mutacionales de las secuencias a nivel estatal y con otros grupos geográficos con el fin de hacer una reconstrucción de filogenia basada en las relaciones ancestro-descendiente. RESULTADOS: Las cepas analizadas provenían el 30% hombres y 70% mujeres, con una edad promedio de 42 años, con diagnóstico de gastritis, las secuencias de glmM mostraron variabilidad genética. De las secuencias analizadas, se propone confirmar la presencia de ocho haplotipos que se agrupan separados. CONCLUSIONES: Se sugiere hacer estudios detallados a nivel molecular de los haplotipos del gen glmM en cepas de H. pylori para conocer su distribución geográfica con la finalidad de conocer las cepas circulantes a nivel mundial y con esto evitar los resultados negativos

INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori has a genome of approximately 1600 genes, the glmM gene is highly conserved and has been identified to identify H. pylori due to its sensitivity and specificity in gastric biopsies. The genetic diversity of H. pylori is high among strains of the same geographical origin and is even more of a global scale. In Mexico, studies that study the importance of the genetic variability of this bacterium, which is studied by molecular techniques. AIM: To analyze the genetic variability of the glmM genus in H pylori strains of patients with gastric pathologies. METHODOLOGY: Only 90 sequences of the glmM genus were analyzed (10 of study group and 80 deposit in GenBank), to carry out haplotype networks, where the differences in the steps of the relationships at the state level and with other geographical groups can be observed in order to do a reconstruction of phylogeny based on ancestor-descendant relationships. RESULTS: The strains analyzed showed 30% of men and 70% of women, with an average age of 42 years, diagnosed with gastritis, the glmM sequences. From the sequences analyzed, it is proposed to confirm the presence of eight haplotypes that are grouped separately. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest university studies at the molecular level of the glmM haplotypes in strains of H. pylori to know their geographical distribution in order to know the circulating strains worldwide and with this avoid negative results

Virtual Instrument for Emissions Measurement of Internal Combustion Engines.

The gases emissions measurement systems in internal combustion engines are strict and expensive nowadays. For this reason, a virtual instrument was developed to measure the combustion emissions from an internal combustion diesel engine, running with diesel-biodiesel mixtures. This software is called virtual instrument for emissions measurement (VIEM), and it was developed in the platform of LabVIEW 2010® virtual programming. VIEM works with sensors connected to a signal conditioning system, and a data acquisition system is used as interface for a computer in order to measure and monitor in real time the emissions of O2, NO, CO, SO2, and CO2 gases. This paper shows the results of the VIEM programming, the integrated circuits diagrams used for the signal conditioning of sensors, and the sensors characterization of O2, NO, CO, SO2, and CO2. VIEM is a low-cost instrument and is simple and easy to use. Besides, it is scalable, making it flexible and defined by the user.

LabVIEW 2010 Computer Vision Platform Based Virtual Instrument and Its Application for Pitting Corrosion Study.

A virtual instrumentation (VI) system called VI localized corrosion image analyzer (LCIA) based on LabVIEW 2010 was developed allowing rapid automatic and subjective error-free determination of the pits number on large sized corroded specimens. The VI LCIA controls synchronously the digital microscope image taking and its analysis, finally resulting in a map file containing the coordinates of the detected probable pits containing zones on the investigated specimen. The pits area, traverse length, and density are also determined by the VI using binary large objects (blobs) analysis. The resulting map file can be used further by a scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) system for rapid (one pass) "true/false" SVET check of the probable zones only passing through the pit's centers avoiding thus the entire specimen scan. A complete SVET scan over the already proved "true" zones could determine the corrosion rate in any of the zones.