Disposition of trace elements in the mangrove ecosystem and their effects on Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Decapoda).

The tropical mangrove at the Estação Ecológica do Lameirão (Southeastern Brazil), an ecosystem of high socio-economic value, receives a large load of pollutants from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sources. Samples of interstitial water, sediments, and crustacean specimens were collected at different periods and regions throughout the study area to measure the concentrations of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn) along the mangrove, as well as the bioaccumulation behavior in the crab Ucides cordatus. Subsequently, we correlated the accumulation of metals in U. cordatus with the concentrations of metals in the environment and physicochemical and climatic factors. Furthermore, we compared the bioconcentration factors (BFCs) of trace elements with the concentration levels obtained from the mangrove sediment. The fluctuation of rain and tide throughout the study period caused oscillations in the concentrations of trace elements. This condition induced bioconcentration records (BFC > 1), influencing the bioaccumulation trend in U. cordatus. We also identified that the lowest metal concentration values in the sediment were close to the river, indicating that the rivers cause a dilution effect. Finally, we found that the hepatopancreas had the highest levels of bioaccumulated heavy metals, explained by its detoxifying ability. In females of U. cordatus, we found a slightly lower accumulation of trace elements when compared to males, possibly related to the high rate of ecdysis in females. Ucides cordatus is a species widely used for human consumption. Our results show that the mangrove environment influences the concentration of trace elements in this organism, which the authorities should consider in mapping safer fishing areas.

Ecdysis as an auxiliary route for the removal of heavy metals in crustaceans: an experimental analysis with fiddler crabs (Minuca burgersi).

We assessed fiddler crabs' (Minuca burgersi) ability to secrete metallic contaminants through ecdysis under controlled conditions. We fed them with contaminated food with different copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) amounts and measured their concentration in the released and renewed exuviae. We found a significant reduction in the average concentrations of Cu and Pb in the released and renewed exuviae-eliminating the exoskeleton in the ecdysis process helps in the metal detoxification mechanism of these animals. A portion of the concentration of metals is retained in the crustaceans' exuvia, and thus, they can be used to analyze bioaccumulation in ecosystems. Our results also reinforce the need for attention to the contamination characterization in crustaceans before and after ecdysis to avoid underestimation effects.

Control of Conyza spp. with sequential application of glufosinate in soybean pre-sowing / Controle de Conyza spp. com aplicação sequencial de glufosinate em pré-semeadura da soja

ABSTRACT: Conyza spp. is among the main weeds reported worldwide. Due to its aggressiveness, such as high seed production and dispersion, and the growing reports of biotypes resistant to glyphosate, paraquat, and other herbicides, different control practices are required. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides with sequential application of glufosinate in soybean pre-sowing for control of Conyza spp. with indicative of resistant to paraquat. The study was carried out in the field, at Assis Chateaubriand and Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil, in the 2018/19 season. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted in application of glyphosate, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, glufosinate, saflufenacil/imazethapyr, diclosulam, paraquat/diuron, paraquat and imazethapyr/flumioxazin, at different combinations, in soybean pre-sowing. Control of Conyza spp., crop injury to soybean plants and variables related to agronomic performance (plant height and yield) were evaluated. All treatments were selective for soybean, which showed stronger crop injury in the presence of diclosulam herbicide, but this did not compromise soybean agronomic performance. In general, control levels were high for the treatments used. Except for paraquat treatments, in the area with the highest frequency of Conyza spp. with indicative of resistant to paraquat, and imazethapyr/flumioxazin treatment in both areas. These control results emphasized the importance of glufosinate in this management system and showed promising results for saflufenacil/imazethapyr.

RESUMO: A planta daninha Conyza spp. está entre as principais encontradas em todo o mundo. Devido a sua agressividade, como elevada produção e dispersão de sementes e os crescentes relatos de biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate, paraquat e outros herbicidas, faz-se necessário o uso de diferentes ferramentas de manejo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de herbicidas com aplicação sequencial de glufosinate em pré-semeadura da soja, no controle de Conyza spp. com indicativo de resistência ao paraquat. O estudo foi realizado em campo nos municípios de Assis Chateaubriand e Palotina, estado do Paraná (PR), Brasil, na safra 2018/19. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela aplicação de glyphosate, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, glufosinate, saflufenacil/imazethapyr, diclosulam, paraquat/diuron, paraquat e imazethapyr/flumioxazin, em diferentes combinações em pré-semeadura da soja. Foram avaliados controle de Conyza spp., sintomas de injúria nas plantas de soja e variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho agronômico (altura de plantas e produtividade). Todos os tratamentos mostraram-se seletivos a soja. Visualizou-se maiores sintomas de injúria quando se tinha a presença do herbicida diclosulam, mas não resultou em danos ao desempenho agronômico da soja. De forma geral os níveis de controle foram altos para os tratamentos utilizados, em exceção para os tratamentos com paraquat na área que apresentava maior frequência de Conyza spp. com indicativo de resistência a este herbicida, e para o tratamento com imazethapyr/flumioxazin nas duas áreas. Estes resultados de controle enfatizam a importância do glufosinate neste sistema de manejo e demostram resultados promissores para saflufenacil/imazethapyr.

Looking for the physiological role of anthocyanins in the leaves of Coffea arabica.

The aim of this study was to determine which anthocyanins are related to the purple coloration of young leaves in Coffea arabica var. Purpurascens and assess their impact on photosynthesis as compared to C. arabica var. Catuaí, with green leaves. Two delphinidin glicosides were identified and histological cross-sections showed they were located throughout the adaxial epidermis in young leaves, disappearing as the leaves mature. Regardless the irradiance level, the photosynthetic performance of Purpurascens leaves did not differ from that observed in leaves of the Catuaí variety, providing no evidence that anthocyanins improve photosynthetic performance in coffee plants. To analyze the photoprotective action of anthocyanins, we evaluated the isomerization process for chlorogenic acids (CGAs) in coffee leaves exposed to UV-B radiation. No differences were observed in the total concentration of phenolic compounds in either variety before or after the UV treatment; however, we observed less degradation of CGA isomers in the Purpurascens leaves and a relative increase of cis-5-caffeoylquinic acid, a positional isomer of one of the most abundant form of CQA in coffee leaves, trans-5-caffeoylquinic acid, suggesting a possible protective role for anthocyanins in this purple coffee variety.

Guía de práctica clínica para terapia antitrombótica y trombolítica 2005 / Clinical practice guidelines for antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy 2005

La enfermedad tromboembólica es un área de creciente interés; un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados son imprescindibles para la buena práctica médica, por lo cual requiere certeza en la toma de decisiones. Motivados por la diversidad de opciones del arsenal terapéutico, se decidió actualizar las pautas venezolanas de terapia antitrombótica y trombolítica, a través de la guía 2005. Metodología para el Desarrollo de las Guías de Práctica -Clínica Basadas en Evidencia.

Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerability of controlled-release diclofenac-potassium versus immediate-release diclofenac-potassium in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

UNLABELLED: Abstract. BACKGROUND: A controlled-release (CR) form of diclofenac-potassium has been developed, which delivers 100 mg over the course of 24 hours. This formulation is administered QD and provides steady plasmatic levels of the drug. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of CR diclofenac-potassium versus the immediate-release (IR) formulation, when used for treatment of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, comparative, multi-center, parallel-group study was conducted in male and female patients who had been previously diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Inclusion criteria included knee joint pain and ≥3 of the following: age >50 years, morning rigidity lasting <30 minutes, crackling in the joint, pain with applied pressure to the bones, bone hypertrophy, absence of articular heat, and a radiology status of I to III on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Patients were randomly divided into 1 of 2 equal-sized groups: 1 group received diclofenac-potassium IR 50 mg BID for 30 days and 1 group received diclofenac-potassium CR 100 mg QD for 30 days. Patients were assessed at baseline and again at 15 and 30 days after initiation of treatment with a physical examination, pain measurement via 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), and Western Ontario McMaster (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index questionnaire. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed by direct interrogation, hematology controls, blood chemistry, hepatic tests, coagulation tests, and urine tests performed on patients before treatment initiation and on day 30. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients were screened and 62 patients (mean [SD]age, 61.8 [8.9] years; mean [SD] weight, 71.3 [12.4] kg; female sex, 55 [88.9%]) were included in the study; each study group had 31 patients. After 30 days, both products were equally effective in relieving pain, as measured by VAS (IR, 17.3 vs CR, 21.6; P = NS), and changes in the WOMAC score (IR, 14.5 vs CR, 19.2; P = NS). Significantly more patients in the IR group reported feeling better after 30 days than in the CR group (94% vs 76%; P = 0.002) and, according to the physician's opinion, significantly more patients treated with diclofenac-potassium IR felt better (97% vs 83%; P = 0.03). Significantly more patients in the IR group required rescue medication than those in the CR group (36% vs 26%; P = 0.03). In the CR group, 7 patients experienced AEs: 6 were gastrointestinal (ie, pyrosis, epigastralgia, dyspepsia) and 1 patient experienced increased arterial pressure. One patient from this group discontinued treatment due to a lack of efficacy. In the IR group, 6 patients experienced AEs (ie, tachycardia, epigastralgia, and pyrosis). One patient discontinued because of AEs, and 3 withdrew due to a lack of efficacy. CONCLUSION: Based on the results from this small study in a Venezuelan population, both IR and CR formulations of diclofenac-potassium have similar effectiveness and tolerability profiles.

Fracturas periprotesicas de cadera: Hospital Dr. Domingo Luciani periodo enero 2001- diciembre 2005 / Periprotesicas hip fractures: Hospital Dr. Domingo Luciani

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente de prótesis de cadera, en un período de 5 años para determinar que prótesis se complicaron con fracturas periprotésicas; obteniéndose un total de 190 pacientes; de las cuales 12 tuvieron fracturas alrededor de la prótesis, 03 casos intraoperatorios. 05 ocurrieron en prótesis total y 7 en prótesis parcial. Los 12 casos se presentaron en prótesis cementadas. Todas las fracturas ocurrieron alrededor del vástago femoral y fueron clasificadas según la región anatómica comprometida en: Tipo 1 Proximal: 03 casos, Tipo T1 Medio: 05 casos, Tipo III Distal: 04 casos, prótesis de tallo largo: 04 casos, cerclaje:03 casos, placa BMP: 1 caso.

Alteraciones psicopatológicas en el transplante renal / Physiopathological changes in Kidney transplantation

El trasplante renal (TR) ha devenido en forma estable de tratamiento para la nefropatía terminal; sin embargo, puede asociarse a fracasos y complicaciones que indiscutiblemente socavan la estabilidad psíquica del receptor. La aparición de trastornos psiquiátricos de envergadura en estos enfermos ha sido motivo de diversas comunicaciones. Con el fin de establecer la frecuencia y tipo de dichas alteraciones fueron estudiados 44 pacientes con TR primario y función útil (creatinina sérica 350mmol/l y no menos de 30 días de evolución del injerto sin apoyo dialítico) cuyas edades oscilaban entre los 15 y 55 años, en quienes se aplicó una batería de pruebas psicológicas constituídas por HTP, Bender, Wais verbal, IPAT, Zung y Rotter, y una encuesta formularia creada al efecto. Entre los conflictos ambientales la propia enfermedad renal, los de índole económico y los familiares fueron los más relevantes. Las pruebas psicológicas mostraron una elevada frecuencia a nivel no psicótico de ansiedad, depresión, inseguridad, organicidad y preocupación por la salud. A su vez, las manifestaciones psicopatológicas fueron: ansiedad, depresión, insomnio y disfunción sexual. En 30 enfermos se estableció algún diagnóstico psiquiátrico, destacándose entre otros, los de reacción situacional y retraso mental ligero. Más de las 3/4 partes de los pacientes había logrado reincorporación laboral total al momento del estudio. Los autores consideran útil y necesario la presencia sistemática de un equipo de salud mental integrado a los programas nacionales de diálisis y trasplante