Sleep Disturbances and Mental Well-Being of Preschool Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.

COVID-19 pandemic confinement caused changes in families and children's routines worldwide. Studies conducted at the beginning of the pandemic have examined the harmful effects of these changes on mental health, including sleep disturbances. As sleep is essential for optimal childhood development, this study was designed to determine preschool-aged (3-6 years old) children's sleep parameters and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Using a cross-sectional design, a survey was applied to parents of preschool children, inquiring about their children's confinement status, routine changes, and electronics use. The parents responded to the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess children's sleep and mental well-being. To provide objective sleep data, the children wore wrist actigraphy for seven days. Fifty-one participants completed the assessment. The children's mean age was 5.2 years, and the prevalence of sleep disturbances was 68.6%. The use of electronic tablets in the bedroom near bedtime and symptoms of mental health deterioration (i.e., emotional distress and behavioral difficulties) were associated with sleep disturbances and their severity. The COVID-19 pandemic's confinement-related routine changes greatly impacted preschool children's sleep and well-being. We recommend establishing age-tailored interventions to manage children at higher risk.

Ludwig's angina complicated with a massive necrotizing fasciitis caused by an unusual pathogen: Bacillius spp

Ludwig's angina and necrotizing fasciitis are aggressive infectious manifestations that can present in the cervicofacial region. The severity of these entities depends, up to some extent, to the immunological state of the patient. Diabetes mellitus alters the immune system, allowing maxillofacial infections to progress aggressively. Bacillius spp. is a group of typically innocuous bacteria; however, they can unchain relevant infectious pathologies in immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study is to describe a case of an uncontrolled diabetic patient with a Ludwig's angina which progressed to a massive necrotizing fasciitis caused by bacillius spp. Explaining the severity of this class of infections and the special attention that should be paid to this type of case; Furthermore, when the culture reveals pathogens that are usually not involved in the development of this class of conditions.

Eritema multiforme como manifestación paraneoplásica de un adenocarcinoma de colon / Erythema multiform as a paraneoplastic manifestation of a colon adenocarcinoma

RESUMEN: El eritema multiforme es una enfermedad autoinmune vesicular-ampollosa y autolimitada, se presenta de forma aguda afectando la piel y mucosa. En 2015, Lee E. y Freer J., incluyeron esta enfermedad dentro de los síndromes dermatológicos paraneoplásicos, pero actualmente no existen muchas publicaciones de esta entidad como manifestación a una neoplasia subyacente. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar el eritema multiforme como una manifestación paraneoplásica inusual. En este caso una paciente de 64 años de edad que cursaba con adenocarcinoma de colon exhibió el eritema multiforme oral; cuyas manifestaciones bucales involucionaron gracias a la farmacoterapia local y sistémica en conjunto con la excéresis de la lesión cancerosa en el colon. Es importante reconocer la presencia de eritema multiforme como una manifestación paraneoplásica cuando no se exhiben los factores etiológicos frecuentes de esta patología y, por lo tanto, centrarse en la búsqueda subyacente de neoplasias malignas que no son muy evidentes.

ABSTRACT: Erythema multiforme is a self-limiting, blistering, autoimmune disease that presents acutely, affecting the skin and mucosa. In 2015, Lee E. and Freer J. included this disease in paraneoplastic dermatological syndromes, but there are currently not many publications about this entity as a manifestation of an underlying malignancy. The objective of this research is to present the erythema multiforme as an unusual paraneoplastic manifestation. In this case, a female 64-year-old patient with colon adenocarcinoma exhibited oral multiform erythema; whose oral manifestations regressed thanks to local and systemic pharmacotherapy in conjunction with the exeresis of the cancerous lesion in the colon. It is important to recognize the presence of erythema multiforme as a paraneoplastic manifestation when the frequent etiological factors of this pathology are not exhibited and, therefore, to focus on the underlying search for malignant neoplasms that are not very evident.

Submalar fat pad removal for esthetic purposes: A systematic approach.

OBJECTIVE: Submalar fat pad removal for esthetic purposes has been performed as a routine in the last decades. However, several factors have not been properly analyzed and studied. In order to address this problem, the purpose of this study is to describe clinical parameters to be taken into account when analyzing potential patients as well as a systematic approach during the pre, intra and postoperative stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients complaining of cheek fullness were evaluated to determine if they were good candidates for the procedure. Eligible patients underwent the same patient selection criteria and pre, intra and post-surgical protocol. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were selected. 40 females and 4 males, with a mean age of 25.4 years. The bilaterally excised buccal fat pads had an average weight of 4.3 gs. There was only 1 complication (unilateral emphysema), during the immediate postoperative phase. CONCLUSIONS: Submalar fat pad removal is an effective technique for refining the facial silhouette that should be reserved only for patients with increased buccal fat pad volume or its pseudoherniation. Performing the surgery following the protocol established in our study can allow the surgeon to achieve more reliable intra and postoperative outcomes.

Abordaje mínimamente invasivo para el drenaje de infecciones cervicofaciales profundas. Estudio retrospectivo / Minimally invasive approach to drainage of deep cervicofacial infections. Retrospective study

OBJETIVOS: La mayoría de las infecciones cervicales profundas son polimicrobianas y de origen dental, y es necesario un tratamiento apropiado y oportuno. El propósito de esta investigación es describir la eficacia de las incisiones mínimamente invasivas para el drenaje de infecciones cervicales profundas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal en pacientes con infecciones cervicales profundas, que requirieron ingreso hospitalario, tratados quirúrgicamente con múltiples incisiones mínimamente invasivas. Los datos recopilados incluyeron epidemiología, etiología, órganos dentales y espacio cervicofacial involucrado, tamaño de los abscesos, cantidad de material obtenido, tiempo de hospitalización, tiempo de evolución antes del drenaje, técnica anestésica, método de intubación, método quirúrgico y complicaciones. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos un total de 88 pacientes, con un promedio de edad de 39 +/- 14,05 años y una mayor prevalencia del género femenino. El factor etiológico principal fueron los focos sépticos dentales. El espacio más afectado fue el submandibular, en un 39,2 %. El tiempo de evolución antes del drenaje varió entre 1 y 8 días. El promedio del tamaño de los abscesos fue de 6,47 +/- 2,34, 4,03 +/- 1,64, 3,71 +/- 1,59 cm. Un 88,6 % de los pacientes fueron intervenidos bajo anestesia local y un 11,8 % bajo anestesia general. El promedio de la cantidad de material obtenido fue de 104,41 +/- 9 cc. El tiempo promedio de hospitalización fue de 9,43 +/- 3,89 días. No hubo complicaciones locales ni sistémicas. CONCLUSIONES: Las incisiones mínimamente invasivas constituyen una alternativa eficaz, segura y con escasas morbilidades para el drenaje de infecciones cervicales profundas

AIM: Most of deep cervical infections are polymicrobial and come from a dental origin, and an appropriate treatment is necessary. The present paper aims to describe the efficiency of minimally invasive incisions for the drainage of deep cervical infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study in patients with deep cervical infections, who required hospital admission. Patients were surgically treated with multiple minimally invasive incisions. Collected data included: epidemiology, etiology, teeth and cevicofacial spaces involved, size of drained abscesses, amount of material obtained, time of total patient admission, time of evolution before drainage anaesthetic technique, intubation method, surgical method and complications. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were included in this study, with an average age of 39 +/- 14.05 years and a higher prevalence in women. Teeth infections were the etiological factor in 100 % of the sample. The most affected space was the submandibular with a 39.2 %. The evolution time before drainage varied between 1-8 days. The mean abscess size was 6.47 +/- 2.34, 4.03 +/- 1.64, 3.71 +/- 1.59 cm. In terms of anaesthetic techniques, 88.6% patients were treated under local anesthesia and 11.3 % patients were treated under general anesthesia. The average of the amount of material obtained was 104.41 +/- 9 cc. The average hospitalization time was 9.43 +/- 3.89 days. There were no systemic or local complications. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive incisions represent an effective and safe alternative, with low morbidity, for the drainage of deep cervical infections