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1.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 39(1): 45-8, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21274821

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Depression occupies a substantial part of medical visit attendance. However, medical practitioners have very little time so that a brief, quick and reliable procedure to evaluate the intensity of symptoms and their changes could be useful. Our objective has been to analyze the reliability of a self-applied Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure symptom intensity in depressed patients within this context. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred depressed outpatients (ICD-10) stated their clinical situation on a VAS. The psychiatrist evaluated them using a Global Clinical Impression (GGI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The patient's VAS showed high correlation with the HDRS-17 and with the GCI used by the psychiatrist (r = 0.63 and r=0.58; p=0.000). This suggests that the use of a VAS in Primary Care could be useful and reliable for these purposes within the medical contexts of those having little time availability. Key-words: Depression, primary care, medical patients, assessment, evaluation.


Assuntos
Depressão/diagnóstico , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo
2.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 38(6): 317-25, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21188670

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The obsessivity and the impulsivity as personality traits have been object of few studies on the general population. The authors outline as objective to study if such features are co-existing constructs, as advocate some authors or the opposite extremes of a continuum as assert other. MATERIAL AND METHODS: They are studied the answers to a questionnaire on obsessive traits of the personality (MIRAP) and other referred to the impulsivity as trait, also, (ECIRYC) of a random sample of 418 subject extracted of the general population. They are applied multivariate statistic analysis technical (Factorial Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, and linear Regression Analysis) to establish the type of relationship that have the two studied personality traits. RESULTS: The total scores of the MIRAP and the ECIRYC are correlated of a manner statistically significant (r = .39; p< .01). The Correspondence Analysis of those total scores distributed in deciles and two linear Regression Analysis show, also, a direct relationship between both traits that it is statistically significant. The obsessivity and the impulsivity do not correlate with the principal factor of the opposite trait. All the factors of both traits are grouped mutually in a factor in a positive way, except the impulsive factor "haste" that makes it negatively with the obsessive factor "order". CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the obsessivity and the impulsivity, as personality traits, they are constructs convergent and not opposite poles of a continuum. But, simultaneously, one of the five factors of each trait ("haste" and "order"), yes are behaved as opposite extremes of a continuum, within conceptual framework, wider, of the traits to those which belong.


Assuntos
Comportamento Impulsivo , Comportamento Obsessivo , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 38(6): 317-325, nov.-dic. 2010. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88726

RESUMO

Introducción. La obsesividad y la impulsividad como rasgos de la personalidad han sido objeto de pocos estudios sobre la población general. Los autores plantean como objetivo estudiar si tales rasgos son constructos coexistentes, como abogan algunos autores o los polos opuestos de un continuum como afirman otros. Material y Métodos. Se estudian las respuestas a un cuestionario sobre rasgos obsesivos de la personalidad (MIRAP) y otro referido a la impulsividad como rasgo (ECIR y C) de 418 sujetos extraídos al azar de la población general. Se aplican técnicas de análisis estadístico multivariantes (Análisis Factorial, Análisis de Correspondencias, Análisis de Regresión lineal) para establecer el tipo de relación que tienen los dos rasgos estudiados. Resultados. Las puntuaciones totales del MIRAP y la ECIR y C correlacionan de un modo estadísticamente significativo(r=0,39; p<0,01). El Análisis de Correspondencias de esas puntuaciones totales distribuidas en deciles y dos Análisis de Regresión lineal muestran, también, una relación directa entre ambos rasgos que es estadísticamente significativa. La obsesividad y la impulsividad no correlacionan con el principal factor del rasgo opuesto. Todos los factores de ambos rasgos se agrupan factorialmente entre sí de forma positiva, excepto el factor impulsivo “precipitación” que lo hace negativamente con el factor obsesivo “orden”. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados señalan que la obsesividad y la impulsividad, como rasgos de la personalidad, son constructos convergentes y no polos opuestos de un continuum. Pero, simultáneamente, uno de los factores de cada rasgo (“precipitación” y “orden”), entre cinco, sí se comportan como polos opuestos de un continuum, dentro del marco conceptual, más amplio, de los rasgos a los que pertenecen (AU)


Introduction. The obsessivity and the impulsivity as personality traits have been object of few studies on the general population. The authors outline as objective to study if such features are co-existing constructs, as advocate some authors or the opposite extremes of a continuum as assert other. Material and Methods. They are studied the answers to a questionnaire on obsessive traits of the personality (MIRAP) and other referred to the impulsivity as trait, also, (ECIRYC) of a random sample of 418 subject extracted of the general population. They are applied multivariate statistic analysis technical (Factorial Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, and linear Regression Analysis) to establish the type of relationship that have the two studied personality traits. Results. The total scores of the MIRAP and the ECIRYC are correlated of a manner statistically significant(r = 0.39; p< 0.01). The Correspondence Analysis of those total scores distributed in deciles and two linear Regression Analysis show, also, a direct relationship between both traits that it is statistically significant. The obsessivity and the impulsivity do not correlate with the principal factor of the opposite trait. All the factors of both traits are grouped mutually in a factor in a positive way, except the impulsive factor “haste” that makes it negatively with the obsessive factor “order”. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the obsessivity and the impulsivity, as personality traits, they are constructs convergent and not opposite poles of a continuum. But, simultaneously, one of the five factors of each trait (“haste” and “order”), yes are behaved as opposite extremes of a continuum, within conceptual framework, wider, of the traits to those which belong (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e Questionários , 28599
4.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 38(1): 42-49, ene.-feb. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-83085

RESUMO

Introducción. Los autores desarrollan una nueva escala para medir el cambio de la intensidad de los síntomas depresivos bajo los efectos de fármacos antidepresivos y analizarla validez predictiva de su puntuación total. La denominan: Índice Diagnóstico y de Seguimiento para la Depresión (IDASD). Para ello, utilizan solamente siete ítems nucleares para el diagnóstico de depresión (ánimo, interés, impulso, gusto/placer, energía, trabajo y distinta cualidad) sin síntomas vegetativos o ansiosos. Metodología. Los autores entrevistan a 111 pacientes psiquiátricos atendidos consecutivamente en régimen ambulatorio. Sesenta cumplían los criterios para episodio depresivo de la CIE-10 y 51 formaban parte del grupo de control: enfermos psiquiátricos no deprimidos. Utilizan para ello un protocolo de recogida de datos que contiene el IDASD, donde los pacientes señalan cómo se encuentran sobre una Escala Analógico-Visual en la que cuantifican sus respuestas en cada ítem, la Escala de Hamilton para la Depresión de 17ítems (EHD-17) y una Impresión Clínica Global (ICG). Cada paciente deprimido recibía el tratamiento antidepresivo que mejor se ajustaba a su perfil clínico según el psiquiatra que le trataba. Los pacientes deprimidos fueron evaluados una segunda vez tras 30 días de tratamiento. Resultados. Todos los ítems de la IDASD perciben un cambio en la intensidad de la sintomatología estadísticamente significativo (p = 0,00). La puntuación total del IDASD, también, al mismo nivel de significación estadística que las puntuaciones totales de la EHD-17 y de la ICG (p = 0,000). ElIDASD correlaciona alto y significativo tanto con la EHD-17como con la ICG (r = 0,77 y r = 0,73, respectivamente; p =0,00). Igualmente lo hace el promedio de la «proporción de mejoría» que evalúa, con la evaluada por la EHD-17 y la ICG(r = 0,74 y r = 0,68 respectivamente; p = 0,000). Un punto de corte de 39 ofrece las mejores prestaciones predictivas del IDASD respecto al criterio clínico y al criterio diagnóstico de depresión de la CIE-10. Con una sensibilidad de 0,97, una especificidad de 0,76 (de 0,88 con pacientes psiquiátricos asintomáticos), una probabilidad total de acertar de 93% y una fiabilidad kappa de 0,74. Los resultados mejoran cuando se utiliza como criterio externo el CDAD. Para ese nuevo criterio diagnóstico operativo (CDAD), un punto de corte de40 ofrece una sensibilidad de 1,00, una especificidad de 0,96 una probabilidad de acertar del 99% y una fiabilidad kappa de 0,96.Conclusiones. El IDASD ofrece suficiente validez concurrente con la EHD-17 y la ICG. Puede considerarse un instrumento sensible al cambio, con la ventaja de contener, tan sólo, ítems que han mostrado ser frecuentes, discriminantes y predictivos. El IDASD también es un buen instrumento para establecer diagnósticos de depresión en el sistema CDAD/IDASD o en el de la CIE-10 (AU)


Introduction. The authors develop a new rating scale for to measure its sensibility to the change of the intensity of the depressive symptoms under the effects of antidepressants drugs, and for to analyze the predictive validity of its total score. Designate it: The Axial Diagnostic and Sensitive-to-Change for Depression Index (ADSCDI).For this, use only seven nuclear items for the depression diagnosis (mood, interest, impulse/drive, pleasure, energy, daily job and different quality) without vegetative symptoms or anxious. Methodology. The authors interview to 111 psychiatric outpatients attended consecutively in a Mental Health Center. Sixty were fulfilling the criteria for depressive episode of the ICD-10 and fifty and one were forming part of the group of control: psychiatric outpatients not depressed. They use for this a protocol of collection of data that contains the ADSCDI, where the patients indicate how are found on a Visual Analogical Scale in the one which quantify their answers in each item, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression of 17 articles (HRSD-17) and an Global Clinical Impression scale (GCI). Each depressed patient receipt the antidepressant treatment that better were adjusted to his clinical profile according to the psychiatrist that was trying to him. The depressed patients were evaluated a second time after thirty days of treatment. Results. All the items of the ADSCDI perceive a change statistically significant in the intensity of the depressive symptoms (p=0.00). The total score of the ADSCDI, also, at same level of statistical significance that the total scores of the HRSD-17 and of the GCI (p=0.000).The ADSCDI interrelates high and significatively with the HRSD-17 as with the GCI (r=0.77 and r=0.73 respectively; p=0.00). Equally makes it with the average of the “proportion of improvement” that evaluates, with the one evaluated by the HRSD-17 and the GCI (r=0.74 and r=0.68 respectively; p=0.000). A cut-off of 39 offers the best predictive values for the ADSCDI respect to the clinical and the ICD-10 criteria for depression. With a sensibility of 0.97, a specificity of 0.76 (of 0.88 with psychiatric patients free of symptoms), a total probability of guessing right of 93% and a kappa reliability of 0.74. The results improve when the ADSCDI is used as external criterion. For this new operative diagnostic criteria (ADCD),a cut-off of 40 offers a sensibility of 1.00, a specificity of 0.96 a probability of guessing right of 99% and a kappa reliability of 0.96. Conclusions. The ADSCDI offers sufficient concurrent validity with the HRSD-17 and the GCI. It can be considered a sensitive instrument to the change, with the advantage of containing, only, items that have shown be frequent, discriminant and predictives. The ADSCDI also is a good instrument to establish diagnostic of depression in the system ADCD/ADSCDI or in the ICD-10 one (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas/métodos , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico
5.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 37(6): 306-319, nov.-dic. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78788

RESUMO

Introducción. Los autores desarrollan un nuevo Criterio diagnóstico para la depresión (CDAD) compuesto por siete ítems: ánimo, motivación/interés, impulso, gusto/placer, trabajo cotidiano, energía y distinta cualidad. Se proponen examinar su validez predictiva, y fiabilidad, así como sus propiedades psicométricas y su validez constructiva. Existen pocos estudios que hayan examinado las propiedades psicométricas de otros criterios diagnósticos para la depresión actualmente en uso. Material y métodos. Entrevistan a 111 pacientes psiquiátricos atendidos consecutivamente en régimen ambulatorio. Sesenta cumplían los criterios para episodio depresivo de la CIE-10 y 51 formaban parte del grupo de control: enfermos psiquiátricos no deprimidos. Utilizan para ello un breve cuestionario autoaplicado (IDASD) donde los pacientes señalan cómo se encuentran. Cada ítem tiene una escala analógico visual para que los sujetos cuantifiquen sus respuestas. Resultados. Para que el CDAD diagnostique correctamente depresión, debe exigírsele reunir cuatro ítems o más. De ellos, al menos dos deben pertenecer a un grupo de tres ítems que fueron extraídos mediante una función discriminante (ánimo, energía y distinta cualidad). El CDAD así construido tiene una sensibilidad de 0,93 y una especificidad de 0,82, con una fiabilidad kappa de 0,76 y una proporción de casos totales acertados del 88% al 93%.Cuando el grupo de control está formado exclusivamente por pacientes psiquiátricos asintomáticos, la especificidad sube hasta 0,92. Un análisis factorial revela que el CDAD es unidimensional y tiene una buena validez de constructo (0,69). También tiene una buena fiabilidad alfa (alfa= 0,92), una consistencia por la prueba de las dos mitades elevada (R = 0,91) y una correlación test-retest alta (r=0,67). El acuerdo diagnóstico CDAD entre dos psiquiatras que utilizan como fuente de datos el IDASD es muy alta (K: 1,00). Conclusiones. El sistema CDAD/IDASD ofrece un procedimiento para diagnosticar depresión valido y fiable. También posee una excelente arquitectura interna, una buena validez de constructo y consistencia interna. Estos datos son mucho más de lo que se puede decir de otros criterios diagnósticos más al uso, de los que se carece de esta información (AU)


Introduction. The authors have developed a new axial diagnostic criterion for depression (ADCD) made up of seven items: mood, motivation/interest, impulse/drive, liking/pleasure, daily job, energy and different quality. They have aimed to examine its predictive validity and reliability, psychometric properties and constructive validity. There are few studies that have examined the psychometric properties of other diagnostic criteria for depression currently in use. Material and methods. A total of 111 psychiatric outpatients who attended an out-patient clinic consecutively were interviewed. Sixty met the ICD-10 criteria for depressive episode and 51 formed a part of the control group: non-depressed psychiatric outpatients. For the interview, the authors used a brief self-administered questionnaire (IDASD) in which the patients indicated how they felt. Each item had a Visual Analogue Scale so that the subjects could quantify their answers. Results. Four or more items are needed for the ADCD to correctly diagnose depression. At least two of these should belong to a group of three items that were extracted using a discriminant function (mood, energy and different quality). The ADCD constructed in this way has a 0.93 sensitivity and 0.82 specificity, with a kappa reliability of 0.76 and a proportion of total cases correctly classified ranging from 88% to 93%. Specificity reaches up to 0.92 when the control group is formed exclusively by symptom-free psychiatric out patients. A factor analysis reveals that the ADCD is a one-dimensional model that has good construct validity (0.69).It also has good alpha reliability (alpha = 0.92), elevated consistency of the two halves of the test (R = 0.91) and a high test-retest correlation (r = 0.67).The ADCD diagnostic agreement between two psychiatrists who use the IDASD as a data source is very high (K: 1.00). Conclusions. The ADCD/IDASD system offers a valid and reliable procedure to diagnose depression. It also has an excellent internal architecture, good construct validity and internal consistency. These data are much more than what can be said about other more used diagnostic criteria, which lack this information (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Depressão/diagnóstico , Psicometria/instrumentação , Depressão/psicologia , Sintomas Psíquicos , Entrevista Psicológica/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
6.
An. psiquiatr ; 25(5): 231-236, sept.-oct. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-77459

RESUMO

Introducción: Los autores se proponen analizar lafrecuencia de los síntomas anancásticos en la poblacióngeneral, dada su relación con los trastornos depresivos ycon la elección de pareja. Lo que influye en la genéticade las poblaciones.Material y métodos: Utilizan las respuestas al Mini-Inventario de Rasgos Anancásticos de la Personalidad(MIRAP) de una muestra de 418 sujetos extraídos de lapoblación general. Se dividió la muestra entre sujetosanancásticos (puntuación total en el MIRAP-2 ≥ 37) yno-anancásticos (puntuación total en el MIRAP-2 ≤ 36).Las pruebas estadísticas empleadas han sido la pruebaexacta de Fisher, la “t” de Student y un análisis discriminanteescalonado.Resultados y discusión: Los síntomas anancásticosaislados son frecuentes en la población general. Sinembargo, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativasen ambos grupos estudiados. Los sujetos anancásticosmuestran más síntomas presentes y con mayorintensidad que los no-anancásticos. El análisis discriminanterevela que dieciséis de los veinte ítems originalesdel MIRAP separan con un 96% de eficacia a ambosgrupos. Los autores concluyen que los síntomas anancásticosson frecuentes en la población general. Pero nopueden dar respuesta a si tal incidencia es real o unacorrelación ilusoria socialmente condicionada(AU)


Introduction: The authors are proposed to analyzethe frequency of anankastic symptoms in the generalpopulation, given its relationship with depressive disordersand with the couple election. What influences thegenetics of the populations.Material and methods: Use the answers to the MiniAnankastic Traits of the Personality Inventory (MATPI)of a sample of 418 subject from the general population.The sample was divided between anankastic subjects(MATPI total score ≥ 37) and no-anankasticsubjects (MATPI total score ≤ 36). The statistics testsemployed have been the Fisher’s exact test, the Student’s"t" and a stepwise discriminant analysis.Results and discussion: The anankastic symptomsisolated are frequent in the general population. However,they exist differences statistically significant inboth studied groups. The anankastic subjects show morepresent symptoms and with greater intensity than theno-anankastic subjetcs. The analysis discriminate revealsthat sixteen of the twenty original items of the MATPIseparate with a 96% from efficiency to both groups.The authors conclude that the anankastic symptoms arefrequent in the general population. But they can not giveresponse to if such incidence is real or a socially conditionedillusory correlation(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Compulsiva/epidemiologia , Comportamento Obsessivo/epidemiologia , Depressão/genética , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 34(2): 105-11, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16552638

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The authors validate a 20 item scale designed to measure anankastic (obsessive) personality traits: the Mini-Inventory of Anankastic Personality Traits, 2nd version (MIAPT-2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The answers of a sample of 418 subject of both genders obtained from the general population were used to analyze construct validity (factorial analysis), its alpha reliability and its internal consistency through the item/total correlations and the two halves test. An additional sample of 22 medical students was used to analyze the concurrent validity of the scale (external criterion: the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory) and the temporary reliability with the test-retest method. After this, the total scores of the instrument and the factorial scores were standardized and distributed into percentiles. RESULTS: The scale shows good concurrent validity (r = 0.67; p < 0.000) and construct validity (56 % of the total of the variance explained by the factorial analysis) as well as a good internal consistency through the item/total correlations (all p = 0.000) and two halves test (r = 0.71; p < 0.000; with the Spearman-Brown correction R= 0.83). The alpha reliability of the scale (alpha = 0.84), and the test-retest (r = 0.69; p < 0.000) are high. CONCLUSIONS: The validated MIAPT-2 shows good validity and reliability to evaluate anankastic personality traits. The authors include an appendix with the scale and the standardization of its total and factorial scores distributed into percentiles to be used in clinical and general population samples.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Compulsiva/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Compulsiva/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
8.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 34(2): 105-111, mar. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047372

RESUMO

Introducción. Los autores validan una escala de 20 ítems diseñada para medir rasgos anancásticos de la personalidad: el Mini-Inventario de Rasgos Anancásticos de la Personalidad, segunda versión (MIRAP-2). Material y métodos. Utilizan las respuestas de una muestra de 418 sujetos de ambos sexos extraídos de la población general para analizar la validez de constructo (análisis factorial), su fiabilidad alfa y su consistencia interna mediante la correlación ítem/total y prueba de las dos mitades. Se utiliza una muestra adicional de 22 estudiantes de medicina para analizar la validez concurrente de la escala (criterio externo: el Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory) y la fiabilidad temporal mediante la prueba testretest. Tras ello se procede a estandarizar las puntuaciones totales del instrumento y las puntuaciones factoriales, distribuyéndolas en percentiles. Resultados. La escala muestra una buena validez concurrente (r = 0,67; p < 0,000) y validez de constructo (56 % del total de la varianza explicada por el análisis factorial), así como una buena consistencia interna mediante las correlaciones ítem/total (todas p = 0,000) y prueba de las dos mitades (r = 0,71; p < 0,000; con la corrección de Spearman-Brown R= 0,83). La fiabilidad alfa de la escala es elevada (α= 0,84), así como lo es la prueba test-retest (r = 0,69; p < 0,000). Conclusiones. La escala validada muestra una buena validez y fiabilidad para evaluar los rasgos anacásticos de la personalidad. Los autores incluyen un apéndice con la escala y la estandarización de sus puntuaciones totales y factoriales distribuidas en percentiles para su uso en muestras tanto clínicas como de la población general


Introduction. The authors validate a 20 item scale designed to measure anankastic (obsessive) personality traits: the Mini-Inventory of Anankastic Personality Traits, 2nd version (MIAPT-2). Material and methods. The answers of a sample of 418 subject of both genders obtained from the general population were used to analyze construct validity (factorial analysis), its alpha reliability and its internal consistency through the item/total correlations and the two halves test. An additional sample of 22 medical students was used to analyze the concurrent validity of the scale (external criterion: the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory) and the temporary reliability with the testretest method. After this, the total scores of the instrument and the factorial scores were standardized and distributed into percentiles. Results. The scale shows good concurrent validity (r = 0.67; p < 0.000) and construct validity (56 % of the total of the variance explained by the factorial analysis) as well as a good internal consistency through the item/total correlations (all p = 0.000) and two halves test (r = 0.71; p < 0.000; with the Spearman-Brown correction R= 0.83). The alpha reliability of the scale (α = 0.84), and the test-retest (r = 0.69; p < 0.000) are high. Conclusions. The validated MIAPT-2 shows good validity and reliability to evaluate anankastic personality traits. The authors include an appendix with the scale and the standardization of its total and factorial scores distributed into percentiles to be used in clinical and general population samples


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Compulsiva/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtorno da Personalidade Compulsiva/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
9.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 30(3): 160-74, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12106517

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We are now seeing an increasing need of the measurement of impulsivity by clinicians and researchers due to the present prevalence of impulsivity control disorders. The authors develop and validate a new tool for measuring impulsivity: the Impulsive Control Scale Ramón y Cajal (ECIRyC) that has 20 items. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first version of ECIRyC was applied to a sample recruited from general population. From their responses the scale was reduced to the present version and the construct validity coefficients and the alpha reliability of Cronbach were calculated. Also, the scores of the ECIRyC were standardized. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The Factor Analysis of the ECIRyC shows that there are five factors explaining 53% of the total variance obtained. This factorial structure is practically unidimensional. In the same way, the reliability of ECIRyC is high; obtaining the same score (0.85) with the Cronbach alpha intraclass correlation coefficient as with the two halves procedure plus the Spearman-Brown correction. The ECIRyC has proven to have a very good convergent validity with other foreign impulsivity measurement instruments. The ECIRyC scores, obtained with general population show a normal distribution which has permitted their standardization for applicating them both to large groups of people and to single individuals. All the initial validation data of the ECIRyC seem to show that it is a useful tool for the evaluation of impulsivity.


Assuntos
Transtornos Disruptivos, de Controle do Impulso e da Conduta/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas
10.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 30(3): 160-174, mayo 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12100

RESUMO

Introducción. Actualmente se asiste a un incremento de las necesidades de medir la impulsividad, dada la prevalencia de los trastornos del control de los impulsos. Los autores desarrollan y validan un nuevo instrumento para medir la impulsividad: la Escala de Control de los Impulsos 'Ramón y Cajal' (ECIRyC) que contiene 20 ítems. Material y método. Se aplicó la versión inicial de la ECIRyC a una muestra extraída de la población general. Sobre esas respuestas se redujo la escala a su versión actual y se calcularon los coeficientes de validez de constructo y la fiabilidad alfa de Cronbach. También se utilizaron esas respuestas para estandarizar las puntuaciones en la ECIRyC. Resultados y discusión. El análisis factorial de la ECIRyC arroja la presencia de cinco factores que explican el 53 por ciento de la varianza total obtenida. Dicha estructura factorial es prácticamente unidimensional. Así mismo, la fiabilidad del ECIRyC es elevada; obteniendo el mismo valor (0,85) con el coeficiente de correlación intraclase alfa de Cronbach y con el procedimiento de las dos mitades más la corrección de Spearman-Brown. La ECIRyC ha demostrado tener una muy buena validez convergente con otras medidas foráneas de impulsividad. Las puntuaciones de la ECIRyC, obtenidas entre la población general, muestran una distribución normal que ha permitido estandarizarlas para su aplicación a grandes grupos y a sujetos individuales. Todos los datos iniciales de validación de la ECIRyC parecen mostrar un instrumento útil para evaluar la impulsividad (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transtornos Disruptivos, de Controle do Impulso e da Conduta , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
11.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 29(6): 368-72, 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11730572

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The authors develop a General Scale to measure the intensity of the addiction to substances (not alcohol, not opiates) and addictive behaviors. METHODS: The General Scale is a self-scale compound by eleven ítems that was delivered to fifty and five students of the courses 5 masculine and 6 masculine of the Medicine of the University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain), and was them requested that applied said scale from different supposed addictive: tobacco; tea, coffee or cola drinks; chocolate; others sweet; alcohol; sex; use of the personal computer and/or Internet and/or videoplay; and to practice sports. Of that manner, each subject provided a total of 440 complimented scales.Finally, it was requested the subjects that indicated in a scale apart, their degree of addiction from the different exposed concepts. Those data served of external criterion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The Scale is monodimensional, and shows a high construct validity (account 63% of the total variance obtained by a Factorial Analysis), a high alpha reliability (alpha: 0.94) and a good internal consistency (split-half method with the Spearman-Brown correction; R: 0.92). All items share with the general addiction concept that represents the total score of the Scale, an common variance proportion equal or over the 52%. CONCLUSION: The Scale seems be a valid and reliable instrument to compare groups of the calls new addictions of a measurable manner.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
12.
Psiquis (Madr.) ; 22(6): 239-250, nov. 2001. tab, ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11855

RESUMO

El presente trabajo investiga las propiedades factoriales y características psicométricas de la versión española del ZKPQ Forma 111, que fue analizado en una muestra de 573 mujeres y 186 hombres españoles. Fueron calculados las medias y desviaciones estándar. las fiabilidad e intercorrelación de las escalas y las diferencias en género y edad que fueron comparados con la versión americana de la prueba. El coeficiente de homegeneidad demostró unas buenas correlaciones ínter ítem en cada dimensión. Los análisis de distribución de las dimensiones se testaron con los coeficientes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Kurtosis. Una solución de cinco factores fue probada para ambos sexos para intentar replicar la correspondencia con la versión americana del cuestionario apoyando la existencia de esas cinco dimensiones. La estructura factorial en hombres y mujeres fue comparada y se encontró una similar a la americana excepto en las saturaciones de algunos ítems en Búsqueda de Sensaciones Impulsivas y Sociabilidad (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Psicometria/métodos , Comportamento Impulsivo/diagnóstico , Comportamento Impulsivo/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Inventário de Personalidade/normas , Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/diagnóstico , Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/psicologia , Modelos Psicológicos , Socialização , Análise de Variância , 28640/métodos , MMPI/estatística & dados numéricos , MMPI/normas , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Agressão/psicologia , Hostilidade , Assunção de Riscos
13.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 29(6): 368-373, nov. 2001. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-923

RESUMO

Introducción: Los autores desarrollan una Escala de Adicción General para medir la intensidad de la adicción a sustancias (no alcohol no opioides) y comportamientos adictivos. Métodos: La EAG es una escala autoaplicada compuesta por once ítems que se entregó a cincuenta y cinco estudiantes de los cursos 5º y 6º de la licenciatura de Medicina de la Universidad de Alcalá, y se les solicitó que aplicaran dicha escala a diferentes supuestos adictivos: a) el tabaco; b) té, café o bebidas de cola; c) el chocolate; d) otros dulces; e) el alcohol; f) el sexo; g) uso del ordenador y/o Internet y/o videojuego; y h) practicar deportes. De ese modo, cada sujeto proporcionó un total de ocho escalas cumplimentadas, lo que en conjunto supuso manejar 440 Escalas de Adicción General cubiertas. Al final se solicitó a los sujetos que señalaran en una escala aparte su grado de adicción a los diferentes conceptos expuestos. Esos datos sirvieron de criterio externo. Resultados y discusión: La Escala es monodimensional y muestra una elevada validez de constructo (explica el 63 por ciento de la varianza total obtenida por un análisis factorial), una alta fiabilidad alfa ( : 0,94) y una buena consistencia interna por el método de las dos mitades con la corrección de Spearman-Brown (R: 0,92). Todos los ítems comparten con el concepto de adicción general que representa la puntuación total de la Escala, una proporción de varianza igual o superior al 52 por ciento. Conclusión: La Escala parece ser un instrumento válido y fiable para comparar grupos de las llamadas 'nuevas adicciones' de un modo mensurable (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento Aditivo , Pesos e Medidas
15.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 28(2): 96-104, 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10937390

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTALS: The doctors don't have reliable instruments in order to detect the painful experience in a patient with intention of deceiving. The objective of this investigation is the development of an instrument that helps the doctors on that task. METHOD: The investigation is based on that the pain is not possible to evoke. A patient that doesn't feel pain, really, will introduce the modifications characteristic of all memory when requests you that he/she describe the pain that says feel. The will of deceit will also distort their description. A discriminant analysis will detect the difference between the description of a pain that is not present and another that yes it are, and between the sincere descriptions of the deceiving one. RESULTS: The descriptions of the pain carried out by two different samples of nursing students have been studied with a list of pair of antonym adjectives (Osgood's semantic differential). A subgroup of the first sample described a pain that they suffered in the same moment of description, and the other subgroup described a suffering pain some days before. In the other sample, a subgroup made a sincere description of their pain and other subgroup described the pain with will of deceiving the interviewer. The investigation has provided two discriminant models. A discriminant model differentiates between a present and another remembered pain (sensibility: 0.75; specificity: 0.85; kappa reliability: 0.60; p < 0.000000001; probability of success p: 89%). The other discriminant model differentiates between a description of a pain with will of deceiving and another pain described sincerely (sensibility: 0.94; specificity: 0.95; kappa reliability: 0.89; p < 0.000000001; probability of success p: 97%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation seem to demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate between the descriptions of real pains and the suspicious pains of not being real, and that also one is able to discriminate between pains described with will of deceit and pains described sincerely. These discriminant models allows to classify the description of the subjects in four groups: "liars", "sincere", "magnifiers", and "psychogenic". However, it is necessary still carry out more effort of investigation so that these results could be replied in patients that suffer pain.


Assuntos
Simulação de Doença/diagnóstico , Medição da Dor/métodos , Dor/diagnóstico , Adulto , Análise Discriminante , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
16.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 28(2)mar. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1758

RESUMO

Fundamento: Los médicos carecen de instrumentos que les permitan detectar de un modo fiable y mensurable que la experiencia dolorosa que le comunica su paciente, no sólo carece de base objetiva, sino que está intentando engañarle. El objetivo de la presente investigación es encontrar un procedimiento mensurable que auxilie al médico en esa tarea. Métodos: La investigación se basa en el hecho de que el dolor no es evocable. Si se fuerza a un paciente que no siente dolor a describirlo, forzosamente tendrá que intentar recordar otro anterior para hacerlo; con ello, introducirá en su descripción las distorsiones propias de la memoria. Si hay voluntad de engaño, dicho interés forzará, igualmente, la descripción para hacerla más creíble. Un análisis discriminante múltiple escalonado (ADME) debe ser capaz de detectar los elementos diferenciadores entre las descripciones del dolor actual y evocado y las descripciones sinceras de las no sinceras. Resultados: Se han estudiado las descripciones de dolores reales realizadas por dos muestras de estudiantes de enfermería diferentes con una lista de pares de adjetivos antónimos utilizando la técnica del Diferencial Semántico de Osgood. Una muestra describía dolores actuales o evocados. Otra muestra describía un dolor, con el mismo procedimiento, sinceramente o con voluntad de engaño. La investigación ha proporcionado dos modelos discriminantes que diferencian las descripciones de dolores actuales y evocados (sensibilidad: 0,75; especificidad: 0,85; fiabilidad kappa de 0,60; p< 0,000000001; probabilidad de acierto de ¼: 89 por ciento) y entre las descripciones sinceras y engañosas (sensibilidad: 0,94; especificidad: 0,95; fiabilidad kappa de 0,89; p< 0,000000001; probabilidad de acierto de ¼: 97 por ciento).Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que es posible encontrar modelos que discriminen entre los dolores reales y los sospechosos de no serlo. Dichos modelos permiten situar las descripciones que hacen los pacientes de sus dolores en un eje de coordenadas. Y así, pueden ser clasificados como 'mentirosos', 'sinceros', 'magnificadores' y 'psicógenos'. Sin embargo, aún se necesita un esfuerzo investigador mayor para ratificar que dichas clasificaciones pueden ser aplicables a enfermos con dolor (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise Discriminante , Medição da Dor , Dor , Simulação de Doença
18.
Aten Primaria ; 23(5): 275-9, 1999 Mar 31.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10341458

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the frequency of psychiatric disorders detected by primary care doctors, using the PRIME-MD questionnaire, and by psychiatrists using a structured clinical interview. DESIGN: An observational, descriptive, crossover study, using a questionnaire. One of each two patients was selected until reaching the total number of patients. SETTING: The study was conducted in five primary care centres in Madrid. PATIENTS: To be included in the study, patients had to consent verbally, be able to understand the questions asked and have been previously diagnosed as psychotic or demented. 395 patients were recruited, of which 312 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: The primary care doctor administered the PRIME-MD questionnaire to each patient, and then a psychiatrist conducted the SCAN interview. RESULTS: The time spent by the doctor on the PRIME-MD questionnaire was usually 10 minutes. The doctor had previously detected psychiatric pathology in 18.5% of his/her patients; with the PRIME-MD questionnaire he/she detected it in 53.5%. The psychiatrist with the SCAN detected psychiatric pathology in 41.3% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of psychiatric disorders in primary care patients and primary care doctors' lack of ability in detecting these disorders was confirmed by this study. The PRIME-MD questionnaire, an instrument for rapid detection of the most commonly found psychiatric disorders within primary care, may considerably improve this situation.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Prevalência
19.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9245194

RESUMO

The authors study the construct validity of the Newcastle's Endogeneity Index (NEI). They use the correlation matrix published originally by Carney et al (1965). The results show a high reliability of the NEI (alpha = 0.77). The Factorial Analysis shows two factors, not independent, that explain a 45% of the total obtained variance; it seem to indicate a drop construct validity of the NEI. The authors discuss the validity of the endogenous/neurotic classification of the depression because of the high agreement the NEI and the clinical criterion.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Análise Fatorial , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
20.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9477603

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: From the cognitive perspective, the inability in order to advance the future positively, it is an essential characteristic in the depression. The Anticipatory Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), with eight items with a proposal cognitive-anticipatory, has been developed with the objective of detecting cases of depression by means of the screening of the existence of that difficulty of bringing forward. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It have been carried out a multicentric study between Spain and several countries of Spanish America (Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico and Venezuela). For it, a Spanish version of the ACQ was used, agreed between the investigators of both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Were interviewed 291 out and in depressed patients (CIE-10), and 158 healthy controls. Evaluated them in four serial occasions (two for the controls), using the ACQ, the Hamilton's and Zung's scales for Depression, and a Global Clinical Impression. RESULTS: From their outputs seems to deduce that the ACQ has a good internal consistency (alpha = 0.72), elevated temporal reliability (r = 0.81, good screening capacity for depression with a cut-off equal to "7" (kappa = 0.48-0.70), and good sensitivity to change. CONCLUSIONS: Everything it support that ACQ, in their Spanish version, it is an useful instrument for the ends that was developed.


Assuntos
Cognição , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Testes Psicológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
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