Adaptation and Validation of the 3 × 2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire in a Population of Athletes.

(1) Background: Sport goals, although widely recognised as crucial for motivation and performance in sport, are multifaceted and can be difficult to measure directly. The present research aims to validate the 3 × 2 achievement goals questionnaire of Mascret in Spanish in a population of athletes. (2) Method: By using a latent factor approach, it is possible to identify the underlying dimensions of these goals and to better understand how they are structured. For this purpose, this questionnaire has been translated and compared with the life satisfaction scale. An exploration of the multifaceted nature of sport goals has been carried out using structural equation modelling. A total of 580 athletes (463 males and 216 females, M = 21.5, SD = 2.36) from different sport disciplines and from 12 autonomous communities in Spain participated in the research. (3) Results: The results show that the questionnaire presents a high scale reliability and that all items contribute significantly to the internal consistency of the scale. (4) Conclusions: The adaptation of this scale to the Spanish population of athletes can be a valid and useful tool to measure and understand motivation and goals in the sport context.

Diferencias en la condición física y valores antropométricos en alumnado de 11 y 12 años tras un plan de intervención de hábitos saludables / Differences in physical fitness and anthropometric values in primary school students after a healthy habits intervention plan

En la etapa de Educación Primaria, sobre todo en el último ciclo, se puede observar cada vez con más frecuencia que el alumnado va cambiando sus rutinas y actividades hacia otras actividades de carácter más sedentario. Este acontecimiento, puede ser origen de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT). El incremento del tiempo destinado al uso de dispositivos con pantalla se produce en detrimento del tiempo dedicado a la práctica de actividad física. Es por ello por lo que desde el área de Educación Física se adquiere la responsabilidad de promover la práctica de actividad física y una mejora en los hábitos alimentarios del alumnado. Esta investigación cuasiexperimental es una intervención con un grupo experimental y su posterior análisis de resultados con los obtenidos por un grupo de control. El objetivo del estudio es comprobar si existen diferencias en la condición física y valores antropométricos en alumnado de 11 y 12 años tras un plan de intervención en la escuela sobre sus hábitos saludables. Para ello, se utiliza la Batería de pruebas Alpha Fitness y un control de comidas diarias. Los resultados muestran que tras implementar el programa de hábitos saludables se incrementó el tiempo dedicado a la actividad física y la adquisición de una dieta saludable mejorando los resultados de valoración de la condición física, así como de los valores antropométricos. (AU)

At the primary school stage, especially in the last cycle, it can be observed more and more frequently that pupils are changing their routines and activities towards other more sedentary activities. This development may be a source of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The increase in time spent using screen devices is to the detriment of time devoted to physical activity. It is for this reason that the area of Physical Education takes on the responsibility of promoting the practice of physical activity and an improvement in the eating habits of students. This quasi-experimental research is an intervention with an experimental group and subsequent analysis of the results with those obtained by a control group. The aim of the study is to check if there are differences in the physical condition and anthropometric values of 11 and 12 year old students after an intervention plan at school on their healthy habits. For this purpose, the Alpha Fitness Test Battery and a daily food control were used. The results show that after implementing the healthy habits programme, the time dedicated to physical activity and the acquisition of a healthy diet increased, improving the results of physical condition assessment as well as anthropometric values. (AU)

News of the Pedagogical Models in Physical Education-A Quick Review.

In the last two decades, research has proliferated in the field of pedagogical models used in school Physical Education. The growth is so high that it is necessary to do a quick review to know which models currently exist and which are emerging. The objective of this work is to collect all the models or pedagogical approaches present in the scientific literature related to school Physical Education and to make known, to the scientific and academic community, its main purposes and characteristics. A quick review of the literature found in the Web of Science and Scopus databases has been carried out using "pedagogical model" and "Physical Education" as descriptors. The results revealed a total of 19 pedagogical approaches that record scientific evidence linked to their application in the classroom. It was detected that some models or approaches were more scientifically supported than others, as is the case for Cooperative Learning, Sports Education, or Teaching Games for Understanding, while others barely registered in international scientific literature. It was concluded that researchers need to work together with Physical Education teachers to analyze the effectiveness of all these approaches. School teachers are also encouraged to vary their pedagogical approach depending on the content they are working on and the positive effects they are looking for in the psychic, motor, affective-emotional, and social domains of the students. Finally, it is proposed to researchers who promote new models or approaches a greater clarity of these to facilitate their application in the field of school Physical Education, since some difficulty has been detected in the practical application of some approaches.

Implications for balance in 11- and 12-year-old children in northern Spain during SARS-CoV-2 lockdown.

Introduction: The home lockdown due to the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in Spanish society led to changes in certain habits in children and adolescents. These habits were related to the practice of physical activity and the implications of higher rates of sedentary activities. This lockdown lasted from March to June 2020. The aim of this study was to determine the implication that lockdown in Spain due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak had on balance in 11-12 year-old schoolchildren. Materials and methods: In total, 50 Spanish children aged 11-12 years (M = 11.40, SD = 0.50) participated, 33 (66%) boys and 17 (34%) girls. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (Movement ABC-2) and an ad hoc questionnaire for sociodemographic data and other relevant information were used for the three data collections. Results: There are significant differences (p < 0.05) in the results for balance variables measured by static balance tests on supports in the total sample, in boys and girls. There are also significant differences in the total sample as well as in the boys in the heel-toe backward walking test. In addition, there are significant differences in mean, scalar and percentile dimension scores for balance between before and after lockdown in both boys and girls. No significant differences were found in the total sample or by gender in measurements related to the zigzag jumping test with dominant as well as non-dominant leg in girls (p = 0.317). Conclusion: As a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 confinement, there was a worsening of balance values in children aged 11-12 years.

Variations in Manual Dexterity in 11- and 12-Year-Old Children in the North of Spain in the SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown.

Between March and June 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus broke out in Spain. The lockdown in response entailed the modification of certain habits in the infant−juvenile population, such as those related to the practice of physical activity and the implications derived from it. The aim of this study was to learn the impacts that lockdown had on manual dexterity in children aged 11−12 years. Methods: A total of 50 Spanish children aged 11−12 years (M = 11.40; SD = 0.50) participated, 33 (66%) boys and 17 (34%) girls. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (Movement ABC-2) and an ad hoc questionnaire for socio-demographic data and other relevant information were administered for the data collection. Results: There are significant differences (p < 0.05) in the results for the manual dexterity variables measured by the peg turning and line drawing tests as well as by the measured, scalar and percentile dimension scores for manual dexterity between before and after the lockdown in both boys and girls. No significant differences were found in measurements related to the triangle assembly variable (p = 0.125). Conclusions: A significant negative impact of SARS-CoV-2 lockdown on manual dexterity values was evident in boys and girls aged 11−12 years.

Changes in Physical Fitness, Dietary Habits and Family Habits for Spanish Children during SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown.

BACKGROUND: habits related to diet and physical activity in children were modified due to the lockdown that Spain had between March and June 2019 because of the health crisis caused by the appearance of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study was to know the impact that the lockdown had on physical fitness values in children aged 11-12. METHODS: the study consisted of 50 Spanish children aged 11-12 (M = 11.40; SD = 0.50), 33 (66%) boys and 17 (34%) girls. Data collection was performed using the Alpha-Fitness Battery, a validated instrument to assess dietary intake, habits and practices, and an ad hoc survey to collect sociodemographic data and other information relevant to the study. RESULTS: there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the results of fitness variables measured in the standing long jump, agility speed and aerobic capacity, as well as in the results of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) between, before and after lockdown in both boys and girls. No significant differences were found in measurements of right and left hand grip (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: there is evidence of a significant impact of SARS-CoV-2 lockdown on physical fitness values in boys and girls aged 11-12.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown on Anthropometric Parameters in Children 11/12 Years Old.

BACKGROUND: During the great lockdown in Spain due to SARS-CoV-2, in between the months of March and June 2020, dietary and physical activity habits were modified in children. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the lockdown on anthropometric parameters in children aged 11/12 years. METHODS: Fifty Spanish children aged 11/12 years (M = 11.40; SD = 0.50) participated: 33 (66%) boys and 17 (34%) girls. For data collection, we used an anthropometry kit; the Alpha-Fitness Battery, a validated instrument to assess dietary intake, habits and practices; and an ad hoc survey to collect sociodemographic and other data under investigation. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the anthropometric parameters measured and in the results obtained for Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage pre- and post-lockdown in both boys and girls (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in waist-circumference measurements (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of a significant impact of the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown on anthropometric parameters in boys and girls aged 11/12 years.