Reactive mechanism and the applications of bioactive prebiotics for human health: Review.

Prebiotics plays an important role in improving the growth of gut bacteria and it majorly found in various natural food sources such as fruits and vegetables. Nowadays, the prebiotic sources are added as a supplement in various food products such as dairy products, beverages, health drinks, infant formulae, and meat products. The presence of prebiotics provides various health benefits such as improveing calcium and magnesium absorption, increases bone density, reduces cancer risk, decreases cardiovascular diseases and also improves the immune system.

Consensus Statement of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics in Diagnosis and Management of Hemophilia.

JUSTIFICATION: Despite having standard principles of management of hemophilia, treatment differs in various countries depending on available resources. Guideline for management of hemophilia in Indian setting is essential. PROCESS: Indian Academy of Pediatrics conducted a consultative meeting on Hemophilia on 18th September, 2016 in New Delhi, which was attended by experts in the field working across India. Scientific literature was reviewed, and guidelines were drafted. All expert committee members reviewed the final manuscript. OBJECTIVE: To bring out consensus guidelines in diagnosis and management of Hemophilia in India. RECOMMENDATIONS: Specific factor assays confirm diagnosis and classify hemophilia according to residual factor activity (mild 5-40%, moderate 1-5%, severe <1%). Genetic testing helps in identifying carriers, and providing genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Patients with hemophilia should be managed by multi-specialty team approach. Continuous primary prophylaxis (at least low-dose regimen of 10-20 IU/kg twice or thrice per week) is recommended in severe hemophilia with dose tailored as per response. Factor replacement remains the mainstay of treating acute bleeds (dose and duration depends on body weight, site and severity of bleed). Factor concentrates (plasma derived or recombinant), if available, are preferred over blood components. Other supportive measures (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) should be instantly initiated. Long-term complications include musculoskeletal problems, development of inhibitors and transfusion-transmitted infections, which need monitoring. Adequate vaccination of children with hemophilia (with precautions) is emphasized.