Prevalences of oligozoospermia and azoospermia in male partners of infertile couples from different parts of India.

AIM: To determine whether there was any regional variation in the prevalence of azoospermia, oligozoospermia and mean sperm counts in male partners of infertile couples from different parts of India. METHODS: Data on 16,714 semen samples analyzed over the past five years from six different laboratories located in five cities of India were collated and evaluated. RESULTS: There was a regional variation in the prevalence of azoospermia. The prevalence of azoospermia was extremely high in Kurnool and Jodhpur (38.3% and 37.4%, respectively). There was also a regional variation in the prevalence of oligozoospermia (51%) in Kurnool. There was no significant difference in the mean sperm counts in normospermic men. CONCLUSION: There is a regional variation in the prevalence of azoospermia and oligozoospermia in the male partners of infertile couples from different regions of India. The prevalence of azoospermia in Kurnool and Jodhpur is higher than any other worldwide reported literature. Further studies need to be carried out to determine the cause of this.

Sexual dysfunction in men undergoing infertility evaluation: a cohort observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To study psychosexual problems in men undergoing infertility evaluation. DESIGN: A cohort observational study. SETTING: Male infertility diagnostic center. PATIENT(S): Four hundred twelve men undergoing infertility evaluation between 1999 and 2001. INTERVENTION(S): Baseline and follow-up data on sexual functions. Semen analysis for samples collected by masturbation. A second analysis was requested in 2 weeks upon finding an abnormality of semen parameters. Penile vibratory stimulation to help men who failed to collect semen on their second or subsequent appointments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sexual functions (erection and orgasm) during the time of infertility evaluation. RESULT(S): Seven of 412 men were excluded from the analysis due to a past history of sexual dysfunction. Of the remaining 405 men, 46 (11%) failed to collect semen by masturbation for a second semen analysis after repeated (2-4 times) attempts at 2- to 3-day intervals. Nine of these men (20%) were able to collect semen using vibratory stimulation. All 46 men experienced problems with erection or orgasm and had severe anxiety during attempts to masturbate and during sexual contact with their partners. CONCLUSION(S): Our study indicates that some men may experience sexual dysfunction of a psychogenic nature in response to the diagnosis of infertility.

Effects of Carica papaya seed extracts on the physiology of the vas deferens of albino rats.

The physiology of vas deferens after administrating papaya seed extract (1 mg/0.2 ml/day/rat) for 7 and 15 days was studied with reference to organ weights, fertility rate, some biochemical parameters and contractile pattern of isolated right and left vas deferens. Studies on combined extract + ascorbic acid feeding and discontinuation of treatment for 1 and 2 1/2 months were also carried out. The results revealed that the treatment altered the biochemical parameters except cholesterol levels and the contractile pattern was reduced in comparison to control. However, significant recovery occurred by withdrawal of treatment in all parameters studied. AA feeding was efficaceous in restoring the androgenicity of vas deferens under treated conditions. On the whole, the distal vas deferens was affected more by the seed extract treatment than proximal vas and recovery was slower probably due to its higher threshold requirement for androgen. The results are discussed in the light of recent work.