Design, development and model analysis of lower extremity Exo-skeleton.

Over the past few years the growth and development of exo-skeleton has dramatically raised with the development of precise control elements and actuation systems. Many exo-skeleton systems have been designed, developed and tested for performance optimization. In the recent years, the significance of exo-skeleton in medical fields have got increased and are used in providing therapy and rehabilitation to the patients. With this development there comes the importance for analysis and control of the exo-skeleton for precise functioning and to avoid malfunction of the system in the later part. Dynamic analysis of limb joints is essential to better facilitate a deeper understanding of the exo-skeleton limb during various environmental conditions like varied loading. The dynamic model so developed will assist in choosing an apt actuation system based on the torque requirement of the model.This paper focusses on the analysis of a 2DOF lower limb active control exo-skeleton system and makes a torque calculation for actuator selection for the lower limb to provide rehabilitation to the patients as wearable walking aid. The work also makes a trajectory planning for the lower limb to move in sequence for making a walking cycle with angular limitations to avoid damage to the user's limbs. The motion analysis for the developed lower limb Exoskeleton as per the analysis is 52.055 Nm at hip joint 11.677 Nm at knee joint.

Effect of yogic education system and modern education system on memory.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Memory is more associated with the temporal cortex than other cortical areas. The two main components of memory are spatial and verbal which relate to right and left hemispheres of the brain, respectively. Many investigations have shown the beneficial effects of yoga on memory and temporal functions of the brain. This study was aimed at comparing the effect of one Gurukula Education System (GES) school based on a yoga way of life with a school using the Modern Education System (MES) on memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty nine boys of ages ranging from 11-13 years were selected from each of two residential schools, one MES and the other GES, providing similar ambiance and daily routines. The boys were matched for age and socioeconomic status. The GES educational program is based around integrated yoga modules while the MES provides a conventional modern education program. Memory was assessed by means of standard spatial and verbal memory tests applicable to Indian conditions before and after an academic year. RESULTS: Between groups there was matching at start of the academic year, while after it the GES boys showed significant enhancement in both verbal and visual memory scores than MES boys (P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the GES meant for total personality development adopting yoga way of life is more effective in enhancing visual and verbal memory scores than the MES.

Effect of yogic education system and modern education system on sustained attention.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Sustained attention is a vital function mediated by the right frontoparietal cortex. The Six Letter Cancellation Task (SLCT) measures sustained attention. Development of sustained attention in a yoga-based education system compared to a modern one is the theme of the present study. AIM: To compare the effectiveness of the Modern Education System (MES) and the Gurukula Education System (GES) in developing sustained attention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty nine boys (11-13 years) were selected from two residential schools, one MES and the other GES, providing similar ambiance and daily routines. The boys were matched for age and socioeconomic status. The GES educational program is based around integrated yoga modules while the MES provides a conventional modern education program. Sustained attention was assessed using the SLCT at the start and end of an academic year. RESULTS: Within groups, the pre-post test differences were significant for both groups. However, the between groups result showed improvement in the GES group compared to the MES group at a P < 0.001 significance level. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that both MES and GES improve sustained attention in school boys, but GES is more effective.

Planning ability improves in a yogic education system compared to a modern.

BACKGROUND: Planning skills play a key role in higher developmental processes. The Tower of London test not only measures planning skills, but also the ability to execute plans. Yoga practices aim to bring about higher development. Can a Yoga-based education system be shown to meet this challenge? AIM: This study was aimed at comparing a Modern Education System (MES) with the ancient Yoga-based system of education, the Gurukula Education System (GES), in developing planning skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine boys with ages ranging from 11 to 13 years were selected from each of two residential schools, one MES and the other GES, providing similar ambience and daily routines. The boys were matched for age and socio-economic status. The GES educational program is based around integrated yoga modules while the MES provides a conventional modern education program. Planning and executive abilities were assessed using the Tower of London test at the start and the end of an academic year. RESULTS: Within groups, the pre-post test differences were significant for both groups. However, the between-groups results showed improvement in the GES group compared to the MES group at a P < 0.001 significance level. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that whereas both MES and GES Yoga-based education improve planning and execution skills in school boys, GES is more effective of the two systems.