Comportamiento de las colinesterasas tras condiciones de fatiga en corredores de fondo / Behaviour of cholinesterases after fatigue conditions in endurance runners

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un entrenamiento intenso en atletas de resistencia sobre el comportamiento de las colinesterasas (ChE) tras condiciones de fatiga y su relación con otros marcadores de carga interna. Participaron 18 atletas de sexo masculino especialistas en pruebas de resistencia. Se evaluó las ChE y dos índices de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en tres momentos diferentes, previo al protocolo (BASAL), 15 minutos posterior al protocolo (FINAL) y 24 horas después del entrenamiento (24H). Un ANOVA de una vía con post-hoc de Tukey HSD se utilizó para comparar las medias. Se encontraron cambios significativos en las variables analizadas (p < .001) con tamaños de efecto muy grandes (d > 0.9) en los diferentes momentos y correlaciones moderadas entre variables (p < .001). El comportamiento de las ChE muestra un cambio significativo (p < .001) posterior al ejercicio y una relación con otros indicadores de carga interna. Nuestros resultados indican que las ChE tienen relación con la fatiga en el caso de los deportistas estudiados, pudiendo ser una medida para determinar la carga de entrenamiento. (AU)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intense training in endurance athletes on the behaviour of cholinesterases (ChE) after fatigue conditions and its relationships with other internal load markers. 18 male athletes specializing in endurance events participated. ChEs and two index of heart rate variability were evaluated at three different moments, before the study protocol (BASAL), 15 minutes after (FINAL) and the day after finishing the training (24H). A one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD was used to compare means. Significant differences were found in the variables analysed (p < .001), with very large effect sizes (d > 0.9) between BASAL, FINAL and 24H and moderate correlations between ChE and LnRMSSD and SS (p < .001). The behaviour of the ChEs showed a significant change (p < .001) after exercise and relationship with other internal training load indicators. Our results indicate that ChEs are related with fatigue in the studied athletes and may be a measure for training load determination. (AU)

Stress Score y LnrRMSSD como parámetros de carga interna durante una competición / Stress Score and LnrMSSD as Internal Load Parameters During Competition

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el comportamiento del stress score (SS) y el logaritmo neperiano de la media de la raíz cuadrada de las diferencias de los intervalos sucesivos R-R (LnrMSSD) de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) como indicadores de la carga interna mediante la modulación simpática y parasimpática, apoyado con parámetros bioquímicos de carga interna. Se evaluaron 14 atletas universitarios de balonmano (edad 22.30 ± 1.83 años). Se monitoreó la VFC y marcadores bioquímicos en seis momentos. Se analizaron las diferencias entre las tomas de cada variable mediante estadística descriptiva convencional y el tamaño del efecto con la d de Cohen y la magnitud de Hopkins. Se examinaron las correlaciones de Pearson entre variables. El LnrMSSD, SS y cortisol presentaron cambios significativos (p < .05). Se encontraron correlaciones entre los parámetros de la VFC (SS y LnrMSSD) con creatin kinasa (CK) respectivamente. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el SS puede ser una metodología fiable para la evaluación de la carga interna durante una competición

The aim of this study was to analyse the behaviour of the stress score (SS) and the Neperian logarithmof the Root Mean Square of Successive R-R Interval differences (LnrMSSD) of heart rate variability (HRV) as indicators of internal load throughout sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation, supported by biochemical parameters of internal load. 14 handball university athletes (age 22.30 ± 1.83 years) were evaluated. Six times of HRV and biochemical markers were collected. Each variable were analyzed by conventional statistics and using the Cohen´s d, and Hopkins magnitude for the sample size effect. It was analyzed the Pearson correlations between variables. The LnrMSSD, SS and cortisol presented significant changes (p< .05). Correlations were found between HRV (SS and LnrMSSD) and CK respectively. Results of this study shows that SS can be a reliable method for the evaluation of internal load during competition

Efficient secretion of a modified E7 protein from human papilloma virus type-16 by Lactococcus lactis.

AIMS: To create and provide a strain of the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis able to efficiently secrete a modified form of the E7 protein from the human papilloma virus (HPV) type-16. METHODS AND RESULTS: We cloned the coding sequence of a modified E7 (E7m) from the HPV-16 in a plasmid regulated by the strong expression promoter p59. Secretion of the E7m was made by the signal peptide of the usp45 gene. The E7m was detected by Western blot in the cell-free-medium fraction, showing no degradation or aberrant forms. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a strain of L. lactis able to secrete efficiently a HPV-16 E7 modified protein with diminished transforming activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Human papilloma virus infection is associated with more than 99% of cervical cancers. Immunotherapy targeting E7 to treat HPV-associated cervical malignancies has been demonstrated to be highly efficient. However, native E7 maintains transforming activity. We present this new strain of a food-grade bacterium able to efficiently secrete a HPV-16 E7-modified protein with diminished transforming activity. This new strain could be used as a live vaccine to deliver E7 at a mucosal level and generate antitumour immune responses against HPV-associated tumours.