Efficient biogenesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles using the extract of Eleusine coracana seeds and their application against multidrug-resistant ocular bacterial pathogens.

Visual impairment due to corneal keratitis-causing bacteria is becoming a matter of health concern. The bacterial colonization and their resistance to multiple drugs need imperative attention. To overcome the issue of alternative remedial therapeutic agents, particularly for topical application, a study was carried out to synthesize calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) using the biomaterial Eleusine coracana seed aqueous extract. The biosynthesized calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) are non-toxic or less-toxic chemical precursors. Moreover, CaO NPs are eco-friendly and are used for several industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications. Biosynthesized CaO NPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering study. The synthesized CaO NPs exhibit with good anti-inflammatory activities with dose dependant (50-250 µg/mL). Moreover, Eleusine coracana-mediated CaO NPs significantly inhibited the multiple drug-resistant Gram-positive Staphylococci epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae that were isolated from the corneal ulcer. This study provides a potential therapeutic option for multiple drug-resistant corneal pathogens that cause vision impairment.

Antiviral and cytotoxic effects of a traditional drug KanthaRasaVillai with a cocktail of metallic nanoparticles.

Objective: Alternative medicine plays an important role today in searching for therapeutics for cancer and viral infection. So, a scientific validation to characterize constituents in the alternative medicines and therapeutic testing is warranted using modern instrumentation. Methods: In the present study, an old herbomineral formulation, KanthaRasavillai [KRV], was characterized using UV-vis spectrometry, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM study. Also, In vitro and in vivo studies were done to evaluate their antiviral and anticancer activity. FT-IR and XRD studies revealed a cocktail of nanoparticles of mercury, magnetic oxide, cinnabar, and arsenic.Results.Based on SEM, TEM, and XRD report, KRV contains nanoparticles in the size range of 9.1 nm to 25.0 nm. FT-IR analysis exposed the presence of several anti-cancerous bioactive compounds.Further in vitro testing against HCV virus proved KRV to inhibit HCV virus a close relative to SARS-CoV-2. MTT assay confirmed the anticancer effect of KRV against Huh-7 and MCF-7 cell lines. Conclusion: The anticancer and antiviral properties in the ancient herbomineral drug with a cocktail of metal nanoparticles acknowledge the traditional medical practice as a pioneering approach for present-day ailments. However, the study concludes that the use of KRV depends on safety dosage and genuine preparation as described by ancient saints.

Eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the sesame oil cake and its potential anticancer and antimicrobial activities.

In recent years, much attention is focused on silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications and then synthesis using plant procedure has drawn a great focus. In the current study silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the oil cake of Sesamumindicum, which has been used traditionally for several therapeutic purposes. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesizedin the presence of sesame oil cake. The sesame oil cake facilitated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SCAgNPs). The synthesized SCAgNPs were subjected to several studies using UV-Visspectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and EDS and the particle characteristics were confirmed. The synthesized SCAgNPs was tested for antimicrobial activity using the disk diffusion method. The antitumor activity of the synthesized SCAgNPs was also tested usingbreast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). TEM result revealed spherical shape with a diameter ranging from 6.6 nm to 14.8 nm. Presence of elemental silver in the prepared SCAgNPs was confirmed by EDS. Further a cytotoxicity study was done on two different concentrations of SCAgNPs (2.5 and 7.5 µg/mL) on human breastcancer cell line (MCF-7 cells). Initially, 2.5 µg/mL dose treatment showed a viable cells region of 72.02%, apoptosis 11.81%; late apoptosis 15.18% and necrosis 1.20%. Interestingly, 7.5 µg/mL exhibited substantial cytotoxic effects, viable cells region 56.97%, apoptosis 7.42%, late apoptosis 31.19% and necrosis 4.85%. In the control, viable cells region was 73.72%, apoptosis 10.82%, late apoptosis 14.54% and necrosis 1.58%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 µg/mL), study was done on P. aeruginosa (27853), K. pneumoniae (70063), E. coli (25922). Silver nanoparticles synthesized using sesame oil cake exhibited a good antibacterial and antitumor activity. Hence it's a first report to spell out the therapeutic effect of AgNPs of sesame oil cake origin.