Implementation of Patient Blood Management in Orthotopic Heart Transplants: A Single Centre Retrospective Observational Review.

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion in the perioperative cardiothoracic setting has accepted risks including deep sternal wound infection, increased intensive care unit length of stay, lung injury, and cost. It has an immunomodulatory effect which may cause allo-immunisation. This may influence long-term survival through immune-mediated factors. Targeting coagulation defects to reduce unnecessary or inappropriate transfusions may reduce these complications. METHODS: In 2012, an institution-wide patient blood management evidence-based algorithmic bleeding management protocol was implemented at The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. The benefit of this has been previously reported in our lung transplant and cardiac surgery (excluding transplants) cohorts. This study aimed to investigate the effect of this on our orthotopic heart transplant recipients. RESULTS: After the implementation of the protocol, despite no difference in preoperative haemoglobin levels and higher risk patients (EuroSCORE 20 vs 26; p=0.013), the use of packed red blood cells (13.0 U vs 4.4 U; p=0.046) was significantly lower postoperatively and fresh frozen plasma was significantly lower both intra- and postoperatively (7.4 U vs 0.6 U; p<0.001, and 3.3 U vs 0.6 U; p=0.011 respectively). Concurrently, the use of prothrombin complex concentrate (33% vs 78%; p<0.001) and desmopressin (5% vs 22%; p=0.0028) was significantly higher in the post-protocol group, while there was less use of recombinant factor VIIa (15% vs 4%; p=0.058). Intraoperative units of cryoprecipitate also rose from 0.9 to 2.0 (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that a targeted patient blood management protocol with point-of-care testing for heart transplant recipients is correlated with fewer blood products used postoperatively, with some increase in haemostatic products and no evidence of increased adverse events.

Stapes Surgery for 121 Patients With Mixed Hearing Loss.

This study aims to determine the benefit of stapes surgery for otosclerosis in 121 patients with a mixed hearing loss and a preoperative bone conduction (BC) threshold >30 dB. Average postoperative air conduction (AC) improved from 61.5 dB to 34.3 dB. Average air-bone gap closed from 27.1 dB to 6.1 dB. Bone conduction improved from 34.3 dB to 28.2 dB, with 38% of patients achieving a postoperative AC of <30 dB. Glasgow Benefit Inventory scores showed significantly increased quality of life postoperatively in the 88 patients who responded to follow-up, with an average score of 56. There was a mean reduction in daily hearing aid use postsurgery of 5.48 hours, with 56% of patients who responded to follow-up questionnaire no longer needing to use one. When assessing suitability for stapes surgery, surgeons should consider that preoperative BC thresholds may be a poor indicator of the true cochlear reserve and therefore the potential for improvement in AC thresholds and quality of life.