RESUMO
Background: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different stages of dengue infection on immune cell counts among dengue patients and to compare them with cases of non-dengue febrile illness. Methods: The recruited patients were divided into two groups: the first group served as a control (n = 55), representing non-dengue febrile illness, and the second group was identified as dengue febrile illness (n = 149), which was further divided into three groups based on infection stage. Blood samples were collected from the selected patients and subjected to blood cell component analysis. To find IgG and IgM as well as the dengue virus non-structural antigen-1 (NS1), an immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit was utilized. Additionally, a hematological analyzer was used to determine complete blood cell counts (CBC). Data was thoroughly analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 6 software. The differences in means of different groups were calculated by applying the student's t-test. Results: The findings revealed the presence of severe leucopenia and thrombocytopenia at stages 1 and 2, accompanied by lymphopenia at stage 1. Group comparisons indicated that only teenagers exhibited a significantly lower white blood cell count compared to older individuals, while no significant differences were observed in lymphocytes, platelets, and monocytes across all age groups. Comparing different age groups of normal individuals to dengue-infected patients, the results unveiled that leucopenia was most severe in adults, followed by teenagers and children, with no significant difference in the elderly. Furthermore, adults showed the greatest degree of thrombocytopenia, followed by teens and kids, with the elderly showing the greatest degree of thrombocytopenia. Adults and teens showed extreme neutrophilia, whereas young children and the elderly showed no discernible abnormalities. Elderly patients experienced a marked decrease in monocyte count, a phenomenon not observed in other age groups. Conclusion: In conclusion both, leucopenia & thrombocytopenia, are most severe in stages 1 and 2, whereas neutrophilia & lymphopenia are predominantly severe in stage 1. These results imply that the consequences associated with dengue infection are more severe in the early stages and tend to ameliorate as the patient progresses toward recovery.
RESUMO
Multicomponent reactions (MCR) have been used to synthesize a wide range of analogs from several classes of heterocyclic compounds, with multifaceted medicinal uses. The synthesis of highly functionalized molecules in a single pot is a unique property of MCR, allowing researchers to quickly assemble libraries of compounds of biological interest and uncover novel leads as possible therapeutic agents. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions have proven to be extremely effective at swiftly specifying members of compound libraries, particularly in the discovery of drugs. The understanding of structure-activity correlations that drive the development of new goods and technology requires structural variety in these libraries. In today's world, antibiotic resistance is a major ongoing problem that poses risks to public health. The implementation of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions upholds a significant potential in this regard. By utilizing such reactions, new antimicrobial compounds can be discovered and subsequently used to fight against such concerns. This study discusses the recent developments in antimicrobial medication discovery using isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs). Furthermore, the article emphasizes the potential of IMCRs (Isocyanide-based multicomponent based reactions) in the near future.
RESUMO
We define the concept of ßâ±L-admissible for a pair of L-fuzzy mappings and establish the existence of common L-fuzzy fixed point theorem. Our result generalizes some useful results in the literature. We provide an example to support our result.
Assuntos
Conceitos MatemáticosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a condom as a tamponade for intrauterine pressure to stop massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). DESIGN AND SETTING: This prospective study was done in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh, between July 2001 and December 2002. PATIENTS: During the study period, 152 cases of PPH were identified; 109 were managed medically; 20 were managed using the B-Lynch procedure, and 23 were managed using the condom catheter. Patients were selected for intervention with the condom catheter when PPH that occurred as a result of atonicity or morbid adhesion (accreta) could not be controlled by uterotonics or a surgical procedure. In patients who were in shock due to massive hemorrhage, a condom catheter was introduced immediately without prior medical management. INTERVENTION: With aseptic precautions, a sterile rubber catheter fitted with a condom was introduced into the uterus. The condom was inflated with 250-500 mL normal saline, according to need. The condom catheter was kept for 24-48 hours, depending upon the initial intensity of blood loss, and gradually deflated when bleeding ceased. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Ability of condom catheter to stop bleeding; (2) time required to stop bleeding after the tamponade was applied; (3) subsequent morbidity in terms of severe infection, despite use of prophylactic antibiotics. RESULTS: In all 23 cases in which the condom catheter was used, bleeding stopped within 15 minutes. No patient needed further intervention. No patient went into irreversible shock. There was no intrauterine infection as documented by clinical signs and symptoms and culture and sensitivity of high vaginal swab. CONCLUSION: The hydrostatic condom catheter can control PPH quickly and effectively. It is simple to use, inexpensive, and safe. In developing countries where PPH remains a primary cause of maternal mortality, any healthcare provider involved in delivery may use this procedure for controlling massive PPH to save the lives of patients.