Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Anemia Secondary to Hepatitis A.

Hepatitis A is common in children and usually is a self-limiting disease. Although extrahepatic and hematological immune manifestations following acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection have rarely been reported, they are frequently observed in other viral hepatitis. In this paper, we report the case of a 3-year-old girl who developed immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and hemolytic anemia after HAV infection. She was presented with malaise, pallor, ecchymosis, petechiae and purpura on the trunk and extremities.

Application of magnetic solid phase extraction for separation and determination of aflatoxins B 1 and B2 in cereal products by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.

A simple and sensitive method based on the magnetic solid phase extraction with modified magnetic nanoparticles followed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed for extraction and determination of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) in cereal products. Magnetic nanoparticle coated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanthiol (TMSPT) and modified with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) was used as an antibody-free adsorbent. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curves for AFB1 and AFB2 were linear in the ranges of 0.2-15 µg L(-1) and 0.04-3 µg L(-1), respectively. Detection limit was 0.041 µg L(-1) for AFB1 and 0.013 µg L(-1) for AFB2. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of AFB1 and AFB2 in spiked corn and rice samples with an average recovery of 93.5%. The results demonstrated that the developed method is simple, rapid, inexpensive, accurate and remarkably free from interference effects.

Enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of aflatoxin M1 in liquid milk after magnetic solid phase extraction.

A simple and sensitive method using magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) followed by spectrofluorimetric detection has been developed for separation and determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liquid milk. The method is based on the extraction of AFM1 on the modified magnetic nanoparticles (MMNPs) and subsequent derivatization of extracted AFM1 to AFM1 hemi-acetal derivative (AFM2a) by reaction with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for spectrofluorimetric detection. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated by 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propantiol (TMSPT) and modified with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) were used as adsorbent in MSPE procedure. Influential parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions the calibration curve for AFM1 determination showed good linearity in the range 0.030-10.0 µg L(-1) (R(2) = 0.9991). The repeatability and reproducibility (RSD%) for 0.050 µg L(-1) of AFM1 were 4.5% and 5.3%, respectively and limit of detection limit (S/N = 3) was estimated to be 0.010 µg L(-1). The developed method was successfully applied for extraction of AFM1 from spiked liquid milk and natural contaminated liquid milk. The good spiked recoveries ranging from 91.6% to 96.1% were obtained. The results demonstrated that the developed method is simple, inexpensive, accurate and remarkably free from interference effects.

Dental treatment needs of permanent first molars in mashhad schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In spite of their enormous importance, permanent first molars might be affected by caries in children in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment needs of first permanent molars in a group of schoolchildren in Mashhad. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 700, 7-9 year-old students in primary schools in Mashhad. The schools were randomly selected from each district. Treatment needs and DMFT of first perma-nent molars were calculated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-Square and t-test. RESULTS: A total of 95.3% of the children required dental treatment. Fissure sealant application and filling were the treat-ments most required in all age groups. The mean DMFT of first permanent molars was 1.31±1.4. It was significantly higher in girls than boys (P=0.040). CONCLUSION: Great treatment needs and caries prevalence in permanent first molars in Mashhad schoolchildren show that dental caries is still a serious problem in the children of our society; therefore, education of parents and teachers is necessary for promoting children's oral health.