Estado nutricional antropométrico, bioquímico e ingesta alimentaria en niños escolares de 6 a 14 años, General Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires, Argentina / Anthropometric and biochemical assessment of nutritional status and dietary intake in school children aged 6-14 years, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Introducción: La obesidad infantil es una epidemia global. La edad escolar y la adolescencia son etapas cruciales para la implementación de hábitos alimentarios y estilo de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional, antropométrico, bioquímico e ingesta alimentaria de niños, su relación con factores socioeconómicos y georreferenciación. Métodos: Estudio transversal en escolares de 6 a 14 años, del Partido de General Pueyrredón, durante agosto-noviembre de 2013. Se evaluó la ingesta por recordatorio de 24 horas; se georreferenció con el programa gvSIG. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1296 niños para evaluación antropométrica y socioeconómica. Una sub muestra incluyó 362 niños para parámetros bioquímicos e ingesta. El 42,97% (IC 95%: 40,3-45,7) presentó exceso de peso y el 18,5% (IC 95%: 16,3-20,5), obesidad. Desayunar se relacionó con menor riesgo de exceso de peso (OR: 0,7; IC 95%: 0,5-0,9) y obesidad (OR: 0,7; IC 95%: 0,5-0,9). Concurrir al secundario se asoció a menor prevalencia de exceso de peso (OR: 0,45; IC 95%: 0,3-0,7); el sexo masculino presentó mayor riesgo de obesidad (OR: 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,3). Presentaron anemia 4,44%, hipercolesterolemia 19,6% e hipertrigliceridemia 21,3%. La ingesta de lípidos y grasas saturadas fue alta y de colesterol dietario y fibra, baja. La distribución geográfica fue homogénea. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de exceso de peso fue elevada. El riesgo de obesidad fue mayor en varones; el desayuno surgió como factor protector para sobrepeso/obesidad. La baja ingesta de fibras y elevada de grasas, y los niveles altos de colesterol y triglicéridos en sangre, reflejan que la malnutrición por exceso es un problema de salud pública prevalente.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a global epidemic. School age and adolescence are critical stages for the implementation of eating and lifestyle habits. Objective: To assess anthropometric and biochemical assessment of nutritional status and dietary intake in children, their relationship with socioeconomic factors and georeferencing. Methods: Cross-sectional study in schoolchildren aged 6-14 years from the District of General Pueyrredon, during August-November 2013. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall interview, and georeferencing was done using the gvSIG software. Results: A total of 1296 children were included for anthropometric and socioeconomic assessment. A sub-sample included 362 children for intake and biochemical parameters. Overweight was observed in42.97% (95% confidence interval --#91;CI--#93;: 40.3-45.7) and obesity, in 18.5% (95% CI: 16.320.5). Breakfast was related to a lower risk for overweight (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9) and obesity (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9). Attending high school was related to a lower prevalence of weight excess (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.3-0.7); male sex posed a higher risk for obesity (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.3). Also, 4.44% of participants had anemia; 19.6%, hypercholesterolemia; and 21.3%, hypertriglyceridemia. Lipid and saturated fat intake was high, whereas dietary cholesterol and fiber intake was low. Geographic distribution was homogeneous. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight was high. The risk for obesity was higher among boys; breakfast appeared as a protective factor against overweight/obesity. A low-fiber and high-fat intake, and high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels reveal that overnutrition is a prevalent public health problem.

Anthropometric and biochemical assessment of nutritional status and dietary intake in school children aged 6-14 years, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. / Estado nutricional antropométrico, bioquímico e ingesta alimentaria en niños escolares de 6 a 14 años, General Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is a global epidemic. School age and adolescence are critical stages for the implementation of eating and lifestyle habits. OBJECTIVE: To assess anthropometric and biochemical assessment of nutritional status and dietary intake in children, their relationship with socioeconomic factors and georeferencing. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in schoolchildren aged 6-14 years from the District of General Pueyrredon, during August-November 2013. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall interview, and georeferencing was done using the gvSIG software. RESULTS: A total of 1296 children were included for anthropometric and socioeconomic assessment. A sub-sample included 362 children for intake and biochemical parameters. Overweight was observed in42.97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.3-45.7) and obesity, in 18.5% (95% CI: 16.320.5). Breakfast was related to a lower risk for overweight (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9) and obesity (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9). Attending high school was related to a lower prevalence of weight excess (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.3-0.7); male sex posed a higher risk for obesity (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.3). Also, 4.44% of participants had anemia; 19.6%, hypercholesterolemia; and 21.3%, hypertriglyceridemia. Lipid and saturated fat intake was high, whereas dietary cholesterol and fiber intake was low. Geographic distribution was homogeneous. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight was high. The risk for obesity was higher among boys; breakfast appeared as a protective factor against overweight/obesity. A low-fiber and high-fat intake, and high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels reveal that overnutrition is a prevalent public health problem.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La obesidad infantil es una epidemia global. La edad escolar y la adolescencia son etapas cruciales para la implementación de hábitos alimentarios y estilo de vida. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el estado nutricional, antropométrico, bioquímico e ingesta alimentaria de niños, su relación con factores socioeconómicos y georreferenciación. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en escolares de 6 a 14 años, del Partido de General Pueyrredón, durante agosto-noviembre de 2013. Se evaluó la ingesta por recordatorio de 24 horas; se georreferenció con el programa gvSIG. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1296 niños para evaluación antropométrica y socioeconómica. Una sub muestra incluyó 362 niños para parámetros bioquímicos e ingesta. El 42,97% (IC 95%: 40,3-45,7) presentó exceso de peso y el 18,5% (IC 95%: 16,3-20,5), obesidad. Desayunar se relacionó con menor riesgo de exceso de peso (OR: 0,7; IC 95%: 0,5-0,9) y obesidad (OR: 0,7; IC 95%: 0,5-0,9). Concurrir al secundario se asoció a menor prevalencia de exceso de peso (OR: 0,45; IC 95%: 0,3-0,7); el sexo masculino presentó mayor riesgo de obesidad (OR: 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,3). Presentaron anemia 4,44%, hipercolesterolemia 19,6% e hipertrigliceridemia 21,3%. La ingesta de lípidos y grasas saturadas fue alta y de colesterol dietario y fibra, baja. La distribución geográfica fue homogénea. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de exceso de peso fue elevada. El riesgo de obesidad fue mayor en varones; el desayuno surgió como factor protector para sobrepeso/obesidad. La baja ingesta de fibras y elevada de grasas, y los niveles altos de colesterol y triglicéridos en sangre, reflejan que la malnutrición por exceso es un problema de salud pública prevalente.

Effect of diet, enalapril, or losartan in post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome nephropathy.

Proteinuria is the main indicator of renal disease progression in many chronic conditions. There is currently little information available on the efficacy, safety, and individual tolerance of patients with post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS) nephropathy to therapies involving diet, enalapril, or losartan. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trail was conducted to evaluate the effect of a normosodic-normoproteic diet (Phase I) and the effect of normosodic-normoproteic diet plus enalapril (0.18-0.27 mg/kg/day) or losartan (0.89-1.34 mg/kg/day) (Phase II) on children with D+ HUS, normal renal function, and persistent, mild (5.1-49.9 mg/kg/day) proteinuria. Dietary intervention reduced the mean protein intake from 3.4 to 2.2 mg/kg/day. Of 137 children, proteinuria normalized in 91 (66.4 %) within 23-45 days; the remaining 46 patients were randomized to diet plus placebo (group 1, n = 16), plus losartan (group 2, n = 16), or enalapril (group 3, n = 14). In groups 1, 2, and 3, proteinuria was reduced by 30.0, 82.0, and 66.3%, respectively, and normalized in six (37.5%), three (81.3%), and 11 (78.6%) patients, respectively (χ(2)= 8.9, p = 0.015). These results suggest that: (1) a normosodic-normoproteic diet can normalize proteinuria in the majority of children with D+ HUS with mild sequelae, (2) the addition of enalapril or losartan to such dietary restrictions of protein further reduces proteinuria, and (3) these therapeutic interventions are safe and well tolerated. Whether these short-term effects can be extended to the long-term remains to be demonstrated.