Detection of Cucumber mosaic virus and typing using serological and molecular methods in Razavi Khorasan Province.

Investigation was conducted during 2006 and 2007 to detect and determine typing of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in field-collected samples from Razavi Khorasan Province. Leaves showing chlorosis, mosaic, distortion and shoestring symptoms were collected from the Mashhad Regions (Astan-e-ghods and Khaje-rabie), Neishabour, Torbat-e-heidarye, Ghochan, Chenaran, Fariman, Shirvan, Kalat and Kashmar. Samples were transferred to laboratory in order to detect the virus in the collected samples, Samples were tested by DAS-ELISA. Typing was done for those serologically positive-reacted samples by RT-PCR-RFLP. Specific primers have amplified 650 bp fragments of RNA2, in RT-PCR assay. Digestion was performed by restriction enzyme MluI. Present research showed that all of collected samples were in subgroup IA.

Solid state 13C NMR of 30-crown-10 ether and 30-crown-10.4H2O.

The 13C NMR solution spectra of 30-crown-10 ether and its tetrahydrate show only one resonance at all accessible temperatures. In contrast, the solid state 13C NMR spectrum of the 30-crown-10.4H2O shows two resonances in the ratio of 4:1, separated by 1.2 ppm. In the case of 30-crown-10 itself, six resolvable 13C resonances in the ratio of 4:1:1:2:1:1 are observed in the solid with an overall chemical shift dispersion of 5 ppm. The remarkably different spectral behavior of these two systems in the solid state is discussed in terms of the torsional environments of the crystallographically unique carbons and the results of GIAO calculations of isotropic 13C shieldings for simpler model compounds. Results of dipolar dephased 13C CPMAS spectra indicate that 30-crown-10 does not undergo a large amplitude molecular motion, in contrast to earlier results for 18-crown-6. Only a small amount of residual intensity is found in the dipolar dephased spectrum of 30-crown-10.4H2O, indicating that it also is relatively rigid in the solid.