Anticonvulsant Activity of Schiff Bases of 3-Amino-6,8-dibromo-2-phenyl-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones.

Schiff bases (9a-l) of 3-amino-6,8-dibromo-2-phenyl-quinazolin-4-(3H)-ones (8) with various substituted aldehydes were obtained by refluxing 1:1 molar equivalents of the reactants in dry ethanol for 6 h. The aminoquinazoline (8) was inturn obtained from 3,5-dibromoantharlinic acid via intermediate (7). All the synthesized compounds (9a-l) were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity on albino mice by maximal electroshock method using phenytoin as a standard. The compound (9l) bearing a cinnamyl function displays a very high activity (82.74 %) at dose level of 100 mg/kg b.w.

Hydroxylated nanoballs: synthesis, crystal structure, solubility and crystallization on surfaces.

The reaction of equimolar amounts of Cu(NO3)2 and bdc-5-OH (bdc-5-OH = benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate-5-hydroxy) affords hydroxylated nanoballs with high solubility and an ability to form microcrystals on surfaces.

Alcoholics anonymous and rational recovery: readability of the "big book" vs the small book.

Readability of the Big Book used in Alcoholics Anonymous confirmed Mills' finding of an 8th- or 9th-grade reading level, but readability of the Small Book for Rational Recovery required college level reading.

Empirical modeling of an alcohol expectancy memory network using multidimensional scaling.

Risk-related antecedent variables can be linked to later alcohol consumption by memory processes, and alcohol expectancies may be one relevant memory content. To advance research in this area, it would be useful to apply current memory models such as semantic network theory to explain drinking decision processes. We used multidimensional scaling (MDS) to empirically model a preliminary alcohol expectancy semantic network, from which a theoretical account of drinking decision making was generated. Subanalyses (PREFMAP) showed how individuals with differing alcohol consumption histories may have had different association pathways within the expectancy network. These pathways may have, in turn influenced future drinking levels and behaviors while the person was under the influence of alcohol. All individuals associated positive/prosocial effects with drinking, but heavier drinkers indicated arousing effects as their highest probability associates, whereas light drinkers expected sedation. An important early step in this MDS modeling process is the determination of iso-meaning expectancy adjective groups, which correspond to theoretical network nodes.

Disease versus social-learning models of alcoholism in the prediction of alcohol problem recognition, help-seeking, and stigma.

Subjects (N = 254) were presented with either a disease or social-learning view of alcoholism and their subsequent attitudes were examined. Presentation of a disease view strengthened endorsement of that model, but attitudes toward alcoholics, treatment effectiveness, problem recognition, and help-seeking were not significantly different between the experimental conditions. Differences in attitudes between high and low disease and social-learning belief subjects were examined in 2 x 2 ANOVAs. Separate multiple regression analyses with alcohol problem recognition, help-seeking, and stigma as composite dependent variables and etiologic beliefs, drinking measures, family history of alcoholism, and responsibility for drinking problems as independent variables were performed. Results show that neither disease nor social-learning beliefs are particularly effective in predicting the dependent variables.

Using the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent Form to predict college drinking: long versus short forms.

This study reports the development of a short form of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent Form, consisting of 27 items measuring expectations of enhanced social behavior and enhanced cognitive and motor functioning. The goals of this study are to examine whether the AEQ-A can be used in a college population and whether a shortened version is a reliable and valid substitute. The reliability and predictive validity of this instrument was assessed in a college population (N = 377) by replication of previous work predicting drinking styles from expectancies. Scale 2 of the short form predicted drinking styles as well as the seven long-form scales. The results suggest the new instrument will be useful in expediting future research.

Relationship between alcohol expectancies and length of abstinence among Alcoholics Anonymous members.

Previous research has demonstrated a consistent relationship between alcohol expectancies (i.e., cognitive expectancies concerning the reinforcing effects of alcohol) and alcohol consumption patterns. To date, no study has examined the expectancies of recovering alcoholics who have attained extended abstinence. One hundred and fourteen Alcoholics Anonymous members were examined. Significant negative correlations were found between the recovering alcoholic's length of sobriety and many of the alcohol expectancy scales. In addition, 11 items from the Customary Drinking Record-Revised and 2 items from the Demographic Data Sheet were factor analyzed resulting in the retention of two factors, Quality of Life and Desire to Drink. These factors seemed to be tapping important dimensions in the alcoholic's recovery. Two alcohol expectancy scales were found to be significantly predictive of the Desire to Drink and Quality of Life factors that were used as criteria in multiple regression equations.