The Role of Parenting Styles in the Relation Between Functions of Aggression and Internalizing Symptoms in a Child Psychiatric Inpatient Population.

Psychiatric inpatient hospitalization is a costly intervention for youth. With rates of hospitalization rising, efforts to refine prevention and intervention are necessary. Aggression often precedes severe internalizing behaviors, and proactive and reactive functions of aggression are differentially associated with internalizing symptomatology. Thus, further understanding of the links between functions of aggression and internalizing symptomatology could aid in the improvement of interventions for hospitalized youth. The current study examined parenting styles, gender, and age as potential moderators of the relations between proactive and reactive aggression and internalizing symptoms. Participants included 392 children, 6-12 years of age admitted consecutively to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Reactive aggression was uniquely associated with anxiety symptoms. However, proactive aggression was associated with internalizing problems only when specific parenting styles and demographic factors were present. Although both proactive and reactive subtypes of aggression were associated with internalizing symptoms, differential associations were evident. Implications of findings are discussed.

Positive communication moderates the relationship between corporal punishment and child depressive symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Findings are few and mixed regarding the moderating influence that supportive parenting might have on the link between corporal punishment and child depressive symptoms. METHOD: A multiple regression model was estimated to examine proposed relationships in a 1-year longitudinal community-recruited sample of 89 children (56% male; 9-12 years). RESULTS: High levels of corporal punishment in tandem with high levels of supportive communication were associated with the highest levels of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although supportive parenting behaviors have been shown to be beneficial for child outcomes, when considering a stress-process framework, simultaneous experiences of harsh and positive parenting may yield more negative outcomes.