[Museum, library, and archives of the German Society of Urology as a corporate museum : A neglected, sizeable dimension of scientific collections owened by professional societies]. / Museum, Bibliothek und Archiv der DGU als Corporate-Museum : Eine vernachlässigte Größe wissenschaftlicher Sammlungen von Fachgesellschaften.

Corporate museums make important contributions to science history and daily life. They are an essential part of the historical marketing of organizations, including scientific associations. The museum for the history of urology organized and housed by the German Society of Urology (DGU) can be compared to a corporate museum, because the institution serves two purposes: it represents the society to a wider public and it helps to reconstruct and analyze the history of urology and the history of the society. In a close collaboration with medical historians from all over the world the museum serves as a research institution for the history of urology. The institution is founded at the frontier between a commercial corporate museum similar to that of international companies and a classical scientific museum. The paper describes these aspects of the museum and discusses the inherent value of a museum for a scientific association.

[History in the public communication of specialist scientific societies: history marketing]. / Geschichte in der öffentlichen Kommunikation wissenschaftlicher Fachgesellschaften : "History marketing"

History is nowadays used as an economic factor. The past is therefore specifically targeted and cultivated, which for specialist scientific associations and societies often fullfils totally different functions in comparison to the open market, although the techniques and requirements are similar. Within medical specialties these facts are often still unknown. Museums and archives as well as the historians and curators working in them are very familiar with the special cultures of communication within these scientific communities and they play a major role in the establishment and development of history as a modern part of public relations and public identity.

[Establishment of university departments of urology in North Rhine-Westphalia: the Aachen model]. / Etablierung von Urologischen Universitätskliniken in NRW : Das Aachener Modell.

The foundation of university departments of urology in postwar East and West Germany faced some opposition by some university professors of surgery who wanted to preserve the unity of their discipline. In North Rhine-Westphalia, heads of municipal hospitals or senior members of university hospitals' staff often received the first chaired professorships of urology.

[Quality criteria for scientific collections within medical associations: the collections of the German Urological Association fullfill high requirements]. / Qualitätskriterien für Sammlungen medizinischer wissenschaftlicher Fachgesellschaften : Die Sammlungen der DGU erfüllen ihre Anforderungen.

Quality criteria are necessary for the evaluation and rating of scientific collections of medical associations and are necessary for their development in order to argue within the scientific community or with other relevant actors.

[The collections of the museum and archives of the German Society of Urology. Reflections on objects in the museum]. / Die Sammlungen des Museums und Archivs der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie. Gedanken zu den Dingen im Museum.

Objects in a museum that were used by urologists are part of the history of urology. If we know how to look at them they can be sources for a better understanding of the history of urology. In a museum visitors are confronted with objects during exhibitions which are the stage on which one possible interpretation of the history of urology is displayed. Objects have become"carriers of symbols" between the past and present (Pomian). Collections from medical societies which are not connected with a university or another public institution cannot be legitimized on the basis of the argument of conserving historical heritage only. The museum itself with its many tasks and as a classical site of scientific communication should be seen as a topic of scientific interest.

[Urology and National Socialism. Paul Rosenstein 1875-1964, the disrupted biography of a Jewish urologist]. / Urologie und Nationalsozialismus. Paul Rosenstein 1875-1964 - zerrissene Biographie eines jüdischern Urologen.

The biography of Paul Rosenstein (1875-1964) serves as an example of the fate of a Jewish scientist at the beginning of the twentieth century in an area of conflict between the development of urology as a specialty at greater urban hospitals, professional achievements as a surgeon and scientist, drastic breaks during Nazi era and escape from Nazi terror via New York to Brazil.

[New forms of scientific communication of medical societies: thoughts on scientific collections and museums for urology]. / Neue Formen der Wissenskommunikation medizinischer Fachgesellschaften : Gedanken zu wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen und Museen für Urologie.

Collections from medical societies which are not connected with a university or another public institution cannot be legitimized on the basis of the argument of conserving historical heritage. Even the museum itself with its many tasks and classical site of scientific communication comes into public view and becomes a topic of scientific interest.

[Urology and National Socialism: the fate of Alexander von Lichtenberg 1880-1949]. / Urologie und Nationalsozialismus : Alexander von Lichtenberg 1880-1949.

Alexander von Lichtenberg (1880-1949) was one of the famous members of the German Urological Society (DGU) in pre-war Germany. He introduced excretion urography and a special TURP Instrument. In 1928 he was president of the 8th meeting held in the German capital Berlin. His Handbook of Urology, released by Ferdinand Springer publishing house, was a trendsetter in establishing urology as a specialty in Germany and bringing together the whole wisdom of all aspects of urology. He was the founder of the famous Maximilian Nitze Award of the DGU. As a Jew he-like many others-was forced to leave Nazi Germany after 1933. Even in Hungary, his native country, he again had to resist anti-Semitic hostility. Later on he lived in Mexico. Alexander von Lichtenberg has to be remembered with special focus on the exodus of German Jewish scientists during the Nazi time.

[Urology in a museum: 10 years in Düsseldorf : Living history of medicine in the Museum and Archive for Urology of the German Society of Urology]. / Urologie im Museum: 10 Jahre in Düsseldorf : Lebendige Medizingeschichte im Museum und Archiv für Urologie der DGU.

The Urology History Center of the German Society of Urology is dedicated to the study of the medical past through a distinguished collection of rare books, museum artifacts, archives, and images. The Museum and Archive represent the history of urology and the development of the specialty through the ages with emphasis on the development in the German-speaking countries in Europe. Furthermore 3000 years of urologic science are reflected. Documents and photographs provide a unique glimpse of the past. The general public and medical professionals or urologists are intrigued by this display of artifacts related to urology.

["My first encounter with German urology (1937)". Stefan Wesolowski (1908-2009) - a source in the archives of the German Society for Urology from the oldest corresponding member and promoter of Polish-German relationships]. / "Meine erste Begegnung mit der deutschen Urologie (1937)". Stefan Wesolowski (1908-2009) - Eine Quelle im Archiv der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie vom ältesten korrespondierenden Mitglied und Förderer polnisch-deutscher Beziehungen.

A source in the archives of the German Society of Urology gives us a vivid insight into the situation in Berlin during the 1930s from the perspective of a young Polish doctor, and presents the situation at one of the leading urology institutions of the time in Germany. Furthermore, we learn about the social situation in hospitals as well as the discourse and networking taking place in the scientific community at that time.

[Urology and National Socialism illustrated by the example of Leopold Casper (1859-1959)]. / Urologie und Nationalsozialismus am Beispiel von Leopold Casper (1859-1959).

Leopold Casper (1859-1959) was one of the founders of the German Urological Society (DGfU) in 1906. He introduced functional kidney testing and a special cystoscope for ureteral catheterization. In 1913 he was president of the 4th congress held in the German capital Berlin. His textbook on genito-urinary diseases was translated by Charles W. Bonney in 1910 and proved the high quality of his scientific work. As a Jew he was forced to leave Nazi Germany later on in 1933 and from 1941 onwards he lived in New York. The anniversary of his 150th birthday should be remembered with special focus on the exodus of Jewish German scientists during the Nazi period.

[Progress and tradition. 100 years of the congress held by the German Society of Urology: Vienna 1907-Berlin 2007]. / Fortschritt und Tradition. 100 Jahre Kongresse der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie: Wien 1907-Berlin 2007.

The history of the German Urological Society and their congress reflects the scientific medical achievements of the last 100 years as well as the political and social structure of the twentieth century with the fantastic medical progress and the tremendous catastrophes. The congress in Berlin in 2007 once again links the urological society with the congress in Vienna of 1907.

[Gustav Simon--Surgery of the kidneys]. / Gustav Simon--Chirurgie der Nieren, Band I Gedruckt bei Ferdinand Enke zu Erlangen 1871.

In the English-speaking world anthologies about "classic works in urology" have been en vogue for years and have been published several times, but they do not exist in Germany. Due to the short half-life of knowledge, these pioneering publications were forgotten and are not readily available or easily accessible. Furthermore, for reasons of preservation libraries do not allow borrowing these old books or copying them. These articles thus remain inaccessible to the public. The work of the famous Gustav Simon ranks along with Nitze's "Kystoscopy" among the most important works for our specialty. The Museum and Archives of the German Urologic Society, located at the head office in Dusseldorf, has a well-renowned collection of papers, monographs, and books from across the centuries.

[History of ureteropelvic junction obstruction repair (pyeloplasty). From Trendelenburg (1886) to the present]. / Die Geschichte der operativen Behandlung der Harnleiterabgangsstenose (Pyeloplastik). Von Trendelenburg (1886) bis zur Gegenwart.

The first reconstructive procedure for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction was performed by Trendelenburg in 1886. The important milestones in the reconstruction of UPJ are discussed and all available historical papers and reports since 1886 are reviewed. Kuster published the first successful dismembered pyeloplasty 5 years later, but his technique was prone to strictures. In 1892, the application of the Heineke-Mickulicz principle by Fenger resulted in bulking and kinking with obstruction. Plication of the renal pelvis, first introduced by Israel in 1896, was modified by Kelly in 1906. After the principle of the Finney pyloroplasty, von Lichtenberg designed his pyeloplasty in 1921, best suited to cases of high implantation of the ureter. Foley modified flap techniques, first introduced by Schwyzer in 1923 after the application of the Durante pyloroplasty principle, successfully to Y-V pyeloplasty in 1937. Culp and de-Weerd introduced the spiral flap in 1951. Scardino and Prince reported about the vertical flap in 1953. Patel published the extra-long spiral flap technique in 1982. In order to decrease the likelihood of stricture, Nesbit, in 1949, modified Kuster's procedure by utilizing an elliptic anastomosis. In the same year, Anderson and Hynes, published their technique. With the advent of endourology, several minimally invasive procedures were applied: antegrade or retrograde endopyelotomy, balloon dilation, and laparoscopic pyeloplasty. The concept of full-thickness incision of the narrow segment followed by prolonged stenting was first described in 1903 by Albarran and was popularized by Davis in 1943. Several basic principles must be applied in order to ensure successful repair: the resultant anastomosis should be widely patent, performed in a watertight fashion without tension. Endopyelotomy represents an alternative to open surgery.

[Urinary cytology in cases of bladder cancer: a critical evaluation]. / Urinzytologie beim Harnblasenkarzinom. Kritische Wertung.

Is urinary cytology still a useful method in cases of bladder cancer since additional methods (fluorescence image analysis, monoclonal antibody immunocytology, fibrin degradation products, nuclear matrix protein measurement and others) are under investigation? The literature has been reviewed and compared with classical and new cytology statistics: urinary cytology is less useful than cystoscopy and some of the urine bound tests for the diagnosis of low grade tumors. On the other hand, cytology is extremely valuable for the diagnosis of high grade transitional cell cancers (TCC) and especially carcinomas in situ. The presence of high-grade TCC in the cytology specimen from a patient with low grade papillary TCC suggests either an unrecognised carcinoma in situ or high grade disease in the upper urinary tract or urethra. Urinary cytology is still indispensable in the management of patients with transitional cancer.

The surgeon and his intention: Gustav Simon (1824-1876), his first planned nephrectomy and further contributions to urology.

One of the historic landmarks in urology is the first planned nephrectomy performed in 1869 by Gustav Simon of Heidelberg (1824-1877). In the history of medicine the reflections and considerations of the specialized surgeon reveal distinguished analyses of the "case" and, thus, the beginning of a modern scientific discussion of a patient's quality of life. Available primary and secondary sources were screened to present a differentiated aspect of this milestone in the history of urology. The analysis of the first German indicated nephrectomy shows the introduction of scientifically orientated thinking in urology, especially in Germany during the middle of the nineteenth century, and parallels the rise of urology and general surgery.

[Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis]. / Malignes Mesotheliom der Tunica vaginalis testis.

A case of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis is reported in a 77-year-old male patient. There was no history of asbestos exposure. Recurrent right hydrocele with a papillar inguinal mass was the main clinical feature. An inguinal radical orchiectomy with en bloc resection of the surrounding tissue was performed. The therapeutic options for this rare, but aggressive neoplasm are discussed. Because of the disappointing results of antineoplastic chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the importance of initial radical surgical treatment with complete excision is emphasized.