[About a case of primary laryngeal mucosal melanoma in a patient with medical history of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma]. / À propos d'un cas de mélanome muqueux primitif laryngé chez un patient présentant un antécédent de carcinome épidermoïde de l'oropharynx.

INTRODUCTION: Primary laryngeal mucosal melanoma is a rare tumour with a poor prognosis. Its often difficult diagnosis should rule out laryngeal metastatic localization of cutaneous melanoma. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of primary laryngeal mucosal melanoma diagnosed in a 65-year-old man, treated 6 years previously with radio-chemotherapy and surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the right lateral oropharyngeal region. The definitive diagnosis of primary laryngeal mucosal melanoma was made on the resection specimen, whereas the initial biopsy of the epilaryngeal mass discovered during the patient's surveillance had concluded that it was a laryngeal recurrence of the known squamous cell carcinoma. DISCUSSION: Through this case, we propose to remind the main characteristics and the diagnostic pitfalls of these tumours.

[Internal quality control on HER2 status determination in breast cancers: Experience of a cancer center]. / Contrôle de qualité interne de la détermination du statut HER2 dans les cancers du sein : expérience d'un centre de lutte contre le cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The implementation of an internal quality control is mandatory to guarantee the accuracy of HER2 status in invasive breast cancers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of our quality control assurance on HER2 status results in invasive breast carcinomas from 2008 to 2014. METHODS: HER2 status was determined by immunohistochemistry as the first-line indication, completed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for scores 2+ by immunohistochemistry. Internal quality control of HER2 status relied on the standardization of pre-analytical phases, the use of external controls with a known number of HER2 gene copies determined by FISH and continued monitoring of concordance between immunohistochemistry and FISH. RESULTS: The proportion of HER2-positive cases corresponding to scores 3+ by immunohistochemistry and 2+ amplified by FISH varied from 10.6% to 13.8% (median of 11.3%). The proportion of scores 2+ amplified by FISH varied from 13.3% to 32.7% during period of study. The rate of concordance between FISH and immunohistochemistry for score 0/1+ and 3+ cases were≥97%. Eight among 12 discordant cases were false positive resulting from errors in interpretation of immunohistochemistry (score 2+ instead of 3+). DISCUSSION: Calibration of immunohistochemistry on FISH for HER2 status contributes to limit variability of immunohistochemistry results due to technical issues or interpretation. The implementation of an external control of score 3+ on each slide enables accurate interpretation of score 2+ and 3+ by immunohistochemistry.