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Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 16(6): 314-320, nov. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050574

RESUMO

Objetivos. Evaluar el estado de las vacunaciones de los inmigrantes recién llegados en la primera visita y a los 12 meses. Método. Estudio transversal con 2 cortes, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Mediante muestreo aleatorio simple se seleccionaron 180 historias clínicas, de un total de 338, de la población pediátrica inmigrante. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: fecha de nacimiento, sexo, país de procedencia y fecha de primera visita, tipo y dosis de vacunas administradas. Para evaluar el estado vacunal se utilizó: Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) OMS 1974 y protocolo de atención al niño inmigrante (PAI). Resultados. A la llegada resultó correctamente vacunado, según EPI, el 61,2% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 51,2-71,1). Resultaron bien vacunados, según PAI a la llegada: triple vírica el 7,8% (IC del 95%, 3,9-11,7); tétanos, difteria el 45,0% (IC del 95%, 37,7-52,3); Pertusis el 45,0% (IC del 95%, 37,7-52,3); poliomielitis el 51,1% (IC del 95%, 43,8-58,4); Haemophilus el 3,9% (IC del 95%, 1,1-6,7); meningitis C el 1,7% (IC del 95%, 0,6-4,8); hepatitis A y B el 0,6% (IC del 95%, 0,1-3,1). A los 12 meses: triple vírica el 92,8% (IC del 95%, 88,7-96,8); tétanos, difteria y poliomielitis el 95,6% (IC del 95%, 92,2-98,8); Pertusis el 61,7% (IC del 95%, 54,6-68,8); Haemophilus el 21,1% (IC del 95%, 15,1-27,1); meningitis C el 95% (IC del 95%, 91,5-98,4), y hepatitis A y B el 61,7% (IC del 95%, 54,6-68,8). Conclusiones. Hay un alto porcentaje de niños que no cumplen el EPI 1974 originario. Según PAI a la llegada las coberturas eran muy bajas. A los 12 meses de la primera visita, las dosis registradas evidencian estados óptimos, excepto en el caso de las hepatitis A y B en el que es necesario su mejora


Objectives. To evaluate vaccination status in recently arrived immigrant children in the first medical visit and 12 months later. Method. We performed a cross-sectional study with two cross-sections: retrospective and descriptive. Of a total of 338 clinical histories among the immigrant population, simple random sampling was used to select 180 clinical histories. The following variables were studied: date of birth, gender, country of origin, date of the first medical visit, and type and dose of the vaccines administered. To evaluate vaccination status, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) of the World Health Organization (WHO), 1974, and the protocol for the care of the immigrant child (PCIC) were used. Results. According to the EPI, 61.2% (95% CI: 51.2-71.1) of the immigrant children were correctly immunized on arrival. According to the PCIC, correct vaccination on arrival in Spain was as follows: measles-mumps-rubella (MMR): 7.8% (95% CI: 3.9-11.7); tetanus, diphtheria: 45.0% (95% CI: 37.7-52.3); pertussis: 45.0% (95% CI: 37.7-52.3); polio: 51.1% (95% CI: 43.8-58.4); Haemophilus: 3.9% (95% CI; 1.1-6.7); meningitis C: 1.7% (95% CI: 0.6-4.8), hepatitis A and B: 0.6% (95% CI: 0.1-3.1). Correct vaccination at 12 months was as follows: MMR: 92.8% (95% CI: 88.7-96.8); tetanus, diphtheria and polio: 95.6% (95% CI: 92.2-98.8); pertussis: 61.7% (95% CI: 54.6-68.8); Haemophilus: 21.1% (95% CI: 15.2-27.1); meningitis C: 95% (95% CI: 91.5-98.4); and hepatitis A and B 61.7% (95% CI: 54.6-68.8). Conclusions. A high percentage of the children had not received one or more of the vaccines included in the WHO's 1974 EPI. According to the PCIC, vaccination coverage on arrival was very low. Twelve months after the first medical visit, the doses registered were optimal, except in the case of hepatitis A and B. Vaccination against hepatitis A and B should be increased


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Esquemas de Imunização , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Nível de Saúde , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos
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