Newer Classification System for Fissured Tongue: An Epidemiological Approach.

Introduction. Fissured tongue is a commonly encountered tongue disorder in dental practice. But there is a lack of data on different pattern, severity, and association of fissuring with various systemic disorders and other tongue anomalies. This study attempts to establish a classification system for fissured tongue and to know the correlation with the systemic health and other disorders of the tongue. Materials and Methods. A total of 1000 subjects between the age groups of 10 and 80 years were included in the study. Pattern of fissuring, allied systemic diseases, and related tongue anomalies were tabulated. Results. Out of 1000 subjects, 387 subjects presented with fissured tongue. Out of 387 subjects, hypertension was present in 57 cases, 18 subjects had diabetes, and 3 subjects had both hypertension and diabetes. Central longitudinal type was found to be the most common type of tongue fissuring. Conclusion. Fissured tongue has been found to be associated with certain systemic disease and further researches are required to know positive correlation. If a correlation exists, such disorders could be diagnosed earlier by identifying fissured tongue at an earlier age.

Chemiluminescence and Toluidine Blue as Diagnostic Tools for Detecting Early Stages of Oral Cancer: An invivo Study.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for development and use of diagnostic aids that help the dental specialist more readily identify and assess Potentially Malignant Epithelial Lesions (PMELs) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). This study was done to assess the value of two such commercially available tools: chemiluminescent light kit or ViziLite and 1% toluidine blue. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: a) To detect epithelial dysplastic changes using chemiluminescene (commercially available as ViziLite) and toluidine blue staining in PMELs and OSCC patients and compare the results obtained with histopathological examination. b) To determine whether these techniques can be used to detect early epithelial dysplastic changes in clinically normal appearing oral mucosa of high risk (with habits) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients- 25 patients with PMELs, specifically oral leukoplakia, 10 patients with clinically diagnosed OSCC and 25 high risk patients with no clinically visible lesion, were screened with ViziLite and toluidine blue staining; followed by incisional biopsy. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of ViziLite were calculated to be 95.45% and 84.6% respectively. ViziLite detected early epithelial dysplastic changes in one high risk patient with clinically normal appearing oral mucosa. Sensitivity and specificity of toluidine blue were calculated to be 86.36% and 76.9% respectively. CONCLUSION: ViziLite was relatively reliable in screening PMELs compared to toluidine blue, and was a useful chair side diagnostic aid.

Evaluation of reliability of ultrasonographic parameters in differentiating benign and metastatic cervical group of lymph nodes.

The aim of the current study is to determine the efficacy of ultrasound in differentiating between benign and metastatic group of cervical lymph nodes. The study included forty-five subjects who were divided into three groups with 15 in each, by stratified random sampling method. Group 1 comprised fifteen patients without signs and symptoms of any infection and neoplasms in head and neck region (control group). Group 2 included fifteen patients with signs and symptoms of malignancy in head and neck region. Group 3 consisted of fifteen patients with signs and symptoms of odontogenic infections. "MY LAB-40" ultrasound machine with linear array transducer of 7.5 MHZ frequency was used for detecting cervical lymph nodes following Hajek's classification. The patients further underwent ultrasound guided FNAC under standard aseptic protocol and samples were subjected to cytopathological evaluation. Chi square analysis and one way ANOVA test were applied to obtain the results. We concluded that ultrasound and USG FNAC can be used accurately to assess the status of lymph nodes. The ultrasonographic features of lymph nodes with round shape, absence of hilar echo, sharp nodal borders, hyperechoic internal echogenicity, and presence of intranodal necrosis were highly suggestive of metastatic cervical lymph nodes.

Nonisothermal kinetics analysis of the dehydration of ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate by thermogravimetry.

In the current work the kinetics of dehydration of ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate was studied by nonisothermal thermogravimetry. Ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate was heated from 30 to 150° with a heating rate of 5° per min under nitrogen gas atmosphere and weight loss data were collected. Powder X-ray difraction was used to characterize the solid before and after dehydration. The well accepted Coats-Redfern model fitting approach was applied to the thermogravimetry data for the kinetic analysis. Thirteen solid state reaction models were studied; among them one-dimensional diffusion model was found to be the best fit model for this reaction with an excellent correlation 0.9994. The Arrhenius parameters, activation energy, and pre-exponential factor were determined, the values were found to be 28 k.cal/mol and 9.53×10(13) sec(-1), respectively.

Management of oral pyogenic granuloma with sodium tetra decyl sulphate. A case series.

Pyogenic granuloma, or granuloma pyogenicum, is a common, tumor-like growth of the oral cavity or skin that is considered to be an exaggerated, localized connective tissue reaction to a minor injury or irritation. A total of five clinical cases of oral pyogenic granuloma were randomly selected in the age group between 26 and 41 years. All these cases were treated with sodium tetra decyl sulphate and examined for regression and reccurrence of the lesion for six months. Various treatment modalities consist of conservative surgical excision, cryosurgery, laser surgery and sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy with sodium tetra decyl sulphate is a relatively simple and effective method for treating oral pyogenic granuloma.

Unusual yet isolated oral manifestations of persistent thrombocytopenia: a rare case report

Patients with platelet-mediated disorders often present clinical manifestations of bruising and bleeding. Although these changes are detected most frequently on the skin, the oral cavity also may exhibit signs of bleeding. In this report, we describe a patient who presented isolated oral features of hemorrhagic bullae with bleeding, indicative of a bleeding disorder. Results of laboratory tests revealed severe thrombocytopenia and a careful history disclosed dengue fever as the cause. The importance of recognizing the oral manifestations of thrombocytopenia is highlighted here, since the oral cavity is a frequent site of hemorrhage and could be the only manifestation of the disease.