RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a unique challenge to the medical community due to potential co-infections with bacteria and fungi. We report a case of Rhino cerebral mucormycosis infection in a 67-year-old patient after recovery from COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of Rhino cerebral mucormycosis in a 67-year-old patient with pre-existing health conditions after recovering from COVID-19 and to highlight the importance of early detection and treatment of co-infections in patients with pre-existing health conditions. CASE REPORT: The patient had pre-existing health conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which made him more vulnerable to complications after COVID-19. He was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a dark discharge from his left eye, later confirmed to be due to mucormycosis. Histopathological examination revealed invasive mucormycosis, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment. However, the patient experienced Acute kidney injury (AKI) after only 5 days of treatment with conventional amphotericin B, underscoring the need for careful monitoring and adjustment of treatment regimens. DISCUSSION: The case underscores the need for early detection and treatment of co-infections in vulnerable patients. The patient's pre-existing conditions and immunocompromised state made him more susceptible to the infection. The case also highlights the importance of careful monitoring and adjustment of treatment regimens to minimize the risk of adverse effects. CONCLUSION: While COVID-19 has presented challenges and uncertainties, it has also provided valuable insights into the interactions between infectious agents and the human body. Continued research and vigilance are necessary to mitigate the impact of co-infections and improve outcomes for patients.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Apart from reducing the circulating LDL-c and the number of cardiovascular cases as well as fatalities, statins have auxiliary non-lipid-related or cholesterol independent effects, the pleiotropic effects. The aim of the present review is to understand the pleotropic effects of statins. MAIN BODY: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is presently the major cause of patient misery as well as mortality among non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the world. Despite the fact that statins are the most extensively affirmed, prescribed and evidence-based lipid-lowering medicine worldwide that curtail low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels and the number of cardiovascular cases as well as deaths, statins also elicit auxiliary non-lipid-related or cholesterol independent effects, the pleiotropic effects. Improved endothelial function, significantly lowered oxidative stress, atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, immunomodulatory, cessation of vascular smooth muscle proliferation, effects on bone metabolism, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic effects, and reduced risk of dementia are among these pleotropic effects. Statins have also been explored for its uses in life threatening diseases like cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. They have been demonstrated to revamp vascular tone. Many research and review articles have been thoroughly studied for this systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: Statins have not only shown to be benefitial in lowering the levels of LDL-C but have also been established to be advantageous in the treatment of cancer, neurological conditions like dementia, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease. Future high-quality trials are needed to include statins in the treatment of these conditions as per guidelines.
