Fish intestinal microbiome: diversity and symbiosis unravelled by metagenomics.

The gut microbiome of vertebrates plays an integral role in host health by stimulating development of the immune system, aiding in nutrient acquisition and outcompeting opportunistic pathogens. Development of next-generation sequencing technologies allows researchers to survey complex communities of microorganisms within the microbiome at great depth with minimal costs, resulting in a surge of studies investigating bacterial diversity of fishes. Many of these studies have focused on the microbial structure of economically significant aquaculture species with the goal of manipulating the microbes to increase feed efficiency and decrease disease susceptibility. The unravelling of intricate host-microbe symbioses and identification of core microbiome functions is essential to our ability to use the benefits of a healthy microbiome to our advantage in fish culture, as well as gain deeper understanding of bacterial roles in vertebrate health. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge on fish gastrointestinal communities obtained from metagenomics, including biases from sample processing, factors influencing assemblage structure, intestinal microbiology of important aquaculture species and description of the teleostean core microbiome.

Staff assaults and injuries in a psychiatric hospital as a function of three attitudinal variables.

Although the available research makes reference to the connection between staff attitudes and patient assault, solid evidence of the connection is lacking. This investigation sought to examine 3 attitudinal variables that in the literature seemed to have the strongest relation to staff assaults and injuries. External locus of control, anxiety, and authoritarianism on the part of staff were examined in relation to the experience of assaults and injuries. A sample of 78 staff members working at a psychiatric hospital responded to a survey; results indicated an associative relationship between both a more external locus of control and high trait anxiety and employees' experience of work-related injuries. Associations also were noted between both locus of control and authoritarianism and employees' frequency of assault and injury experiences. The findings provide important information that suggests that locus of control, authoritarianism, and trait anxiety on the part of staff members are connected with patient assaults and injuries.

Bilateral optic neuropathy associated with influenza vaccination.

We report a 61-year-old woman with bilateral optic neuritis and loss of vision following influenza vaccination. The patient had good recovery of vision following steroid treatment.