Expression of Genes Encoding Nuclear Factors PPARγ, LXRß, and RORα in Epicardial and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

The nuclear factors PPARγ, RORα, and LXRß are involved in transcriptional control of adipogenesis and implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. In adipose tissues, they regulate inflammation. This study focuses on expression of the PPARG, RORA, and LXRß (NR1H2) genes in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissues in patients with coronary heart disease as well as with concomitant abdominal obesity. In patients with coronary heart disease and abdominal obesity, PPARG mRNA level in subcutaneous adipose tissue was reduced in comparison with control group. In patients with total coronary occlusions, LXRß mRNA level in epicardial adipose tissue was reduced, and it positively correlated with plasma HDL cholesterol. Thus, in cases of concomitant abdominal obesity and chronic total coronary occlusions, coronary heart disease is characterized by down-regulated expression of the genes of various transcriptional adipogenesis-regulating factors in adipose tissue.

[The Expression of Genes Encoding ABCA1 and ABCG1 Transporters and PPARγ, LXRß, and RORα Transcriptional Factors in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women with Metabolic Syndrome].

The study aimed to investigate tissue-specific gene expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, encoding cholesterol transporters, as well as PPARG, LXRß (NR1H2), and RORA, encoding the most important transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism, in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) in women with metabolic syndrome. It was shown that the ABCG1 mRNA SAT/VAT ratio decreases with age and correlates with the development of metabolic syndrome. After age adjustment, women have reduced chances of metabolic syndrome development when ABCG1 gene expression in SAT is higher relative to VAT than women with VAT ABCG1 gene expression higher or comparable to SAT: OR = 0.15 (95% CI 0.03-0.76), p = 0.023. The ABCA1 mRNA SAT/VAT ratio positively correlated with HDL cholesterol levels (after age adjustment ß = 0.350, p = 0.046), therefore individuals with higher ABCA1 mRNA level in SAT relative to VAT had elevated HDL levels. The ABCA1 mRNA level in SAT was decreased in smokers (p = 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the PPARG mRNA level in SAT with body mass index and waist circumference in the general sample (ß = -0.602, p = 0.003 and ß = -0.642, p = 0.001, respectively, after age adjustment). A decrease of the PPARG mRNA SAT/VAT ratio was associated with elevated plasma insulin level and the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR ß = -0.819, p = 0.004 and ß = -1.053, p = 0.008, respectively, after age adjustment). Thus, the study has shown that the ratio of ABCA1, ABCG1, and PPARG genes expression in different types of adipose tissue (SAT/VAT) could be a significant factor that predicts the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in obesity.

[Epicardial and subcutenious adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression in coronary artery disease patients].

Aim To determine the expression of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and the content of high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA) in epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).Material and methods Paired samples of EAT and SCAT and blood serum were withdrawn from patients with IHD after bypass surgery and 16 subjects without IHD (comparison group). Matrix RNA (mRNA) level was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. HMWA levels in EAT and SCAT were evaluated by Western blotting. Serum adiponectin concentration was measured immunoenzymatically. For all patients, echocardiography was performed to measure the EAT thickness; coronarography was performed to determine severity of coronary atherosclerosis.Results Serum adiponectin concentration was lower in IHD patients than in the comparison group (p<0.001). Levels of ADIPOO gene mRNA and HMWA in SCAT were lower in IHD patients than in the comparison group (р=0.020 and p=0.003, respectively). The HMWA level in EAT was lower with the EAT thickness of 8 mm compared to the HMWA level in IHD patients with EAT ≤8 mm (p=0.034).Conclusion The decreased serum concentration of antiatherogenic adiponectin and the reduced expression of ADIPOQ gene in SCAT (mRNA, HMWA) are associated with IHD.

ITLN1, PPARg AND TNFa GENE EXPRESSION IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE.

The adipose tissue is considered today as an endocrine organ in which tissue-specific regulation of gene expression plays a key role in the processes of development of obesity and comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The present study is focused on ITLN1, PPARã and TNFá gene expression in intra-abdominal adipose tissue and its effect on the serum levels of omentin 1 and TNFa in individuals with different body mass. It has been shown that serum TNFa level is significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) as compared to individuals with normal body weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2)( p < 0.03). We have demonstrated that the expression level of the PPARã gene is positively correlated with the ITLN1 gene expression level in the intra-abdominal adipose tissue (r = 0.516, p = 0.020). Serum level of omentin 1 positively correlates with PPARã mRNA and protein levels in intra-abdominal adipose tissue (r = 0.550, p < 0.05 and r = 0.581, p < 0.03, respectively). For the subgroup of patients with overweight and obesity, we have shown negative correlation of the level of TNFá mRNA with PPARã and ITLN1 mRNA levels was shown (r = ­0.549, p < 0.05 and r = ­0.475, p < 0.05, respectively). This study is the first to show a correlation relationship between PPARã gene expression level in the intra-abdominal adipose tissue and the expression and secretion levels of omentin 1.