RESUMO
Background: To evaluate the effect of undersized drilling on the primary and secondary stability of immediateimplants placed in the anterior maxilla.Material and methods: A comparative randomized clinical trial was carried out in 30 healthy adults. Thirty ta-pered implants, 16 involving conventional drilling and 14 undersized drilling, were placed immediately afteranterior maxillary tooth removal. Insertion torque and implant stability assessed by resonance frequency analysis(RFA) were evaluated at three different timepoints: at implant placement and 6 and 12 weeks post-implantation.The results were compared using parametric statistical tests.Results: All implants showed adequate stability during follow-up. At implant placement, the undersized drillinggroup exhibited greater insertion torque values than the conventional drilling group, but stability assessed by RFAshowed greater mean values in the conventional group. After 6 and 12 weeks of follow-up, both groups showedimproved stability, though the RFA values remained comparatively higher in the conventional group. The differ-ences were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, undersized drilling does not appear to afford significantly improvedstability of immediate implants placed in the anterior zone of the maxilla during the osseointegration period.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carga Imediata em Implante Dentário , Arcada Osseodentária , Extração Dentária , Saúde Bucal , Medicina Bucal , Patologia Bucal , Cirurgia BucalRESUMO
RESUMEN: Objetivo: Determinar las dimensiones de la cresta ósea vestibular de los incisivos maxilares con indicación de implantación inmediata. Pacientes y método: Un estudio transversal fue realizado en pacientes con necesidad de colocación de implantes inmediatos unitarios en la zona incisiva superior, durante el periodo de Enero-2015 a Diciembre-2017. Cortes tomográficos sagítales fueron utilizados para determinar la altura y el grosor de la cresta ósea alveolar vestibular. El punto de medición del grosor fue localizado a 4 mm apical a la linea amelocementaria. Un análisis T-student, fue utilizado para comparar las variables según la edad, el género y el grupo dentario, con un intervalo de confianza de 95%. Resultados: 298 imágenes fueron incluidas en la evaluación. El promedio de altura fue 10,68 mm, no hubo diferencias al comparar los grupos. El grosor promedio fue de 0,73 mm, diferencias de grosor, estadísticamente significativas, fueron observadas al comparar la edad y el género, no así en el grupo dentarlo. Conclusiones: La altura del hueso alveolar vestibular de incisivos superiores es suficiente para colocar implantes inmediatos dentro de un marco óseo. No obstante, el grosor observado, se traduciría en la necesidad de complementar la implantación con técnicas de regeneraciónn tisular guiada.
ABSTRACT: Objective : Determine the dimensions of the facial bone ridge of the maxillary incisors with indication of immediate implantation. Patients and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients in need of single immediate implant placement in the upper incisor area, during the period from January-2015 to December-2017. Sagittal tomographic sections were used to determine the height and thickness of the vestibular alveolar bone ridge. The thickness measurement point was located 4 mm apical to the amelocementary junction. A T-student analysis was used to compare the variables according to age, gender, and dental group, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: 298 images were included in the evaluation. The mean height was 10.68 mm, there were no differences when comparing the groups. The mean thickness was 0.73 mm, statistically significant differences in thickness were observed when comparing age and gender, but not in the dental group. Conclusions: The height of the vestibular alveolar bone of the upper incisors could be sufficient to place immediate implants within a bone framework. However, the thickness observed would result in the need to complement the implantation with guided tissue regeneration techniques.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapêutica , Ossos Faciais , Incisivo , Arcada Osseodentária , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To describe the interests, preferred topics and learning in public health issues emerging from Chilean students with their participation in a science education experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in 29 school research groups through the project Salud Con-Ciencia en tu Barrio, based on a content analysis of texts and narratives of students. RESULTS:: Students prioritize the situation of abandoned animals, waste management, security and urban infrastructure, mainly. They view the role of social actors, the positive/negative impacts on the community, valuing the knowledge gained through observation neighborhoods and interaction with neighbors. CONCLUSIONS:: Scientific inquiry school in the neighborhood context provides teaching strategies for the promotion of local health, develops basic notions of community health and motivation in students linked to the socio-environmental reality of their neighborhoods.
Assuntos
Educação em Saúde/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Chile , Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Ciência/educaçãoRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Describir los intereses, preferencias temáticas y aprendizajes en el campo de la salud pública que emergen de escolares chilenos tras una experiencia de indagación científica escolar. Material y métodos: Estudio exploratorio de carácter cualitativo, realizado en 29 grupos de investigación escolar del proyecto Salud Con-Ciencia en tu Barrio, basado en un análisis de contenido de textos y narrativas de los estudiantes. Resultados: Los estudiantes priorizan la situación de animales abandonados, el manejo de la basura y la seguridad e infraestructura urbana visualizando el rol de los actores sociales y el impacto positivo/negativo en la comunidad, y valorando el conocimiento obtenido a través de la observación de barrios e interacción con vecinos. Conclusiones: La indagación científica escolar en el contexto barrial aporta estrategias didácticas para la promoción de la salud local y desarrolla nociones básicas de salud comuntaria y motivación en los estudiantes por vincularse con la realidad socioambiental de sus barrios.
Abstract: Objective: To describe the interests, preferred topics and learning in public health issues emerging from Chilean students with their participation in a science education experience. Materials and methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in 29 school research groups through the project Salud Con-Ciencia en tu Barrio, based on a content analysis of texts and narratives of students. Results: Students prioritize the situation of abandoned animals, waste management, security and urban infrastructure, mainly. They view the role of social actors, the positive/negative impacts on the community, valuing the knowledge gained through observation neighborhoods and interaction with neighbors. Conclusions: Scientific inquiry school in the neighborhood context provides teaching strategies for the promotion of local health, develops basic notions of community health and motivation in students linked to the socio-environmental reality of their neighborhoods.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Ciência/educação , ChileRESUMO
PURPOSE: A biomechanical study of the primary apical stability obtained in tapered implants through the reduction of final drilling dimensions in different bone density models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An in vitro study of maximum insertion torque and primary stability based on the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of 24 conical implants measuring 13 mm in length and 3.75 and 4.20 mm in diameter, randomly inserted in 10-mm sockets prepared in 4 polyurethane blocks with a density of 15, 20, 30, and 40 pounds per cu ft, respectively, reducing the diameter of the final drill at constant speed (400 rpm) to obtain exclusive 4 mm anchoring of the apical third of each implant. RESULTS: The decrease in drilling diameter resulted in an increase in the insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values in all implants, although without reaching statistical significance. In turn, a significant direct correlation was found between increasing bone analog block density and the insertion torque and ISQ values. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, the primary apical stability obtained may be more dependent on bone density than on reduction of the final drilling diameter.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Implantes Dentários , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Modelos Biológicos , TorqueRESUMO
Through their control of cell membrane potential, potassium (K(+)) channels are among the best known regulators of vascular tone. This article discusses the expression and function of K(+) channels in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs). We review the bibliographic reports and also present single-channel data recorded in freshly isolated cells. Electrophysiological properties of big conductance, voltage- and Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channel and voltage-dependent K(+) channels are clearly established in this vessel, where they are involved in contractile state regulation. Their role in the maintenance of membrane potential is an important control mechanism in the determination of the vessel diameter. Additionally, small conductance Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels, 2-pore domains K(+) channels and inward rectifier K(+) channels also appear to be present in HUASMCs, while intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels and ATP-sensitive K(+) channels could not be identified. In both cases, additional investigation is necessary to reach conclusive evidence of their expression and/or functional role in HUASMCs. Finally, we discuss the role of K(+) channels in pregnancy-related pathologies like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
Assuntos
Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Canais de Potássio/metabolismo , Potássio/metabolismo , Vasoconstrição , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Potenciais da Membrana , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiopatologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Transdução de Sinais , Artérias Umbilicais/metabolismo , Artérias Umbilicais/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
After depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores the capacitative response triggers an extracellular Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels (SOCs) which refills these stores. Our objective was to explore if human umbilical artery smooth muscle presented this response and if it was involved in the mechanism of serotonin- and histamine-induced contractions. Intracellular Ca2+ depletion by a Ca(2+)-free extracellular solution followed by Ca2+ readdition produced a contraction in artery rings which was inhibited by the blocker of Orai and TRPC channels 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), suggesting a capacitative response. In presence of 2-APB the magnitude of a second paired contraction by serotonin or histamine was significantly less than a first one, likely because 2-APB inhibited store refilling by capacitative Ca2+ entry. 2-APB inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release was excluded because this blocker did not affect serotonin force development in a Ca(2+)-free solution. The PCR technique showed the presence of mRNAs for STIM proteins (1 and 2), for Orai proteins (1, 2 and 3) and for TRPC channels (subtypes 1, 3, 4 and 6) in the smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery. Hence, this artery presents a capacitative contractile response triggered by stimulation with physiological vasoconstrictors and expresses mRNAs for proteins and channels previously identified as SOCs.
Assuntos
Compostos de Boro/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Artérias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Capacitância Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Cálcio/metabolismo , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Canais de Cálcio/química , Canais de Cálcio/genética , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Histamina/farmacologia , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/citologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteína ORAI1 , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Serotonina/farmacologia , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Molécula 1 de Interação Estromal , Canais de Cátion TRPC/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPC/metabolismo , Artérias Umbilicais/citologia , Artérias Umbilicais/metabolismoRESUMO
After depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores the capacitative response triggers an extracellular Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels (SOCs) which refills these stores. Our objective was to explore if human umbilical artery smooth muscle presented this response and if it was involved in the mechanism of serotonin- and histamine-induced contractions. Intracellular Ca2+ depletion by a Ca2+-free extracellular solution followed by Ca2+ readdition produced a contraction in artery rings which was inhibited by the blocker of Orai and TRPC channels 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), suggesting a capacitative response. In presence of 2-APB the magnitude of a second paired contraction by serotonin or histamine was significantly less than a first one, likely because 2-APB inhibited store refilling by capacitative Ca2+ entry. 2-APB inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release was excluded because this blocker did not affect serotonin force development in a Ca2+-free solution. The PCR technique showed the presence of mRNAs for STIM proteins (1 and 2), for Orai proteins (1, 2 and 3) and for TRPC channels (subtypes 1, 3, 4 and 6) in the smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery. Hence, this artery presents a capacitative contractile response triggered by stimulation with physiological vasoconstrictors and expresses mRNAs for proteins and channels previously identified as SOCs.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Humanos , Compostos de Boro/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Artérias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Capacitância Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Boro/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Artérias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Capacitância Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Cálcio/metabolismo , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Canais de Cálcio/química , Canais de Cálcio/genética , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Histamina/farmacologia , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/citologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Serotonina/farmacologia , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Canais de Cátion TRPC/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPC/metabolismo , Artérias Umbilicais/citologia , Artérias Umbilicais/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Cálcio/metabolismo , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Canais de Cálcio/química , Canais de Cálcio/genética , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Histamina/farmacologia , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/citologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Serotonina/farmacologia , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Canais de Cátion TRPC/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPC/metabolismo , Artérias Umbilicais/citologia , Artérias Umbilicais/metabolismoRESUMO
After depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores the capacitative response triggers an extracellular Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels (SOCs) which refills these stores. Our objective was to explore if human umbilical artery smooth muscle presented this response and if it was involved in the mechanism of serotonin- and histamine-induced contractions. Intracellular Ca2+ depletion by a Ca2+-free extracellular solution followed by Ca2+ readdition produced a contraction in artery rings which was inhibited by the blocker of Orai and TRPC channels 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), suggesting a capacitative response. In presence of 2-APB the magnitude of a second paired contraction by serotonin or histamine was significantly less than a first one, likely because 2-APB inhibited store refilling by capacitative Ca2+ entry. 2-APB inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release was excluded because this blocker did not affect serotonin force development in a Ca2+-free solution. The PCR technique showed the presence of mRNAs for STIM proteins (1 and 2), for Orai proteins (1, 2 and 3) and for TRPC channels (subtypes 1, 3, 4 and 6) in the smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery. Hence, this artery presents a capacitative contractile response triggered by stimulation with physiological vasoconstrictors and expresses mRNAs for proteins and channels previously identified as SOCs.
Assuntos
Humanos , Compostos de Boro/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Artérias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Capacitância Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Canais de Cálcio/química , Canais de Cálcio/genética , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Histamina/farmacologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/citologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Serotonina/farmacologia , Canais de Cátion TRPC/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPC/metabolismo , Artérias Umbilicais/citologia , Artérias Umbilicais/metabolismoRESUMO
Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic compound belonging to the amino amide group. Its anesthetic effect is commonly related to its inhibitory effect on voltage-gated sodium channels. However, several studies have shown that this drug can also inhibit voltage-operated K(+) channels by a different blocking mechanism. This could explain the observed contractile effects of bupivacaine on blood vessels. Up to now, there were no previous reports in the literature about bupivacaine effects on large conductance voltage- and Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)). Using the patch-clamp technique, it is shown that bupivacaine inhibits single-channel and whole-cell K(+) currents carried by BK(Ca) channels in smooth muscle cells isolated from human umbilical artery (HUA). At the single-channel level bupivacaine produced, in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner (IC(50) 324 µM at +80 mV), a reduction of single-channel current amplitude and induced a flickery mode of the open channel state. Bupivacaine (300 µM) can also block whole-cell K(+) currents (~45% blockage) in which, under our working conditions, BK(Ca) is the main component. This study presents a new inhibitory effect of bupivacaine on an ion channel involved in different cell functions. Hence, the inhibitory effect of bupivacaine on BK(Ca) channel activity could affect different physiological functions where these channels are involved. Since bupivacaine is commonly used during labor and delivery, its effects on umbilical arteries, where this channel is highly expressed, should be taken into account.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Bupivacaína/farmacologia , Canais de Potássio Ativados por Cálcio de Condutância Alta/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Humanos , Ativação do Canal Iônico/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Potássio Ativados por Cálcio de Condutância Alta/antagonistas & inibidores , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Potássio/metabolismo , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/metabolismo , Artérias Umbilicais/citologiaRESUMO
AIM: To test the early effect of fructose-induced changes in fatty acid composition and oxidative stress markers in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) upon vascular contractility. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were fed a commercial diet without (CD) or with 10% fructose (FRD) in the drinking water for 3 weeks. We measured plasma metabolic parameters, lipid composition and oxidative stress markers in aortic PVAT. Vascular contractility was measured in aortic rings sequentially, stimulated with serotonin (5-HT) and high K+-induced depolarization using intact and thereafter PVAT-deprived rings. RESULTS: Comparable body weights were recorded in both groups. FRD rats had increased plasma triglyceride and fructosamine levels. Their PVAT had an increased saturated to mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acid ratio, a significant decrease in total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and in the total content of glutathione. Conversely, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), nitric oxide content, and gluthathione reductase activity were significantly higher, indicating an increase in oxidative stress. In aortic rings, removal of PVAT increased serotonin-induced contractions, but the effect was significantly lower in rings from FRD rats. This effect was no longer observed when the two contractions were performed in PVAT-deprived rings. PVAT did not affect the contractions triggered by high K+-induced depolarization either in CD or FRD rats. CONCLUSIONS: FRD induces multiple metabolic and endocrine systemic alterations which also alter PVAT and the vascular relaxant properties of this tissue. The changes in PVAT would affect its paracrine modulation of vascular function.
Assuntos
Gordura Abdominal/metabolismo , Aorta/fisiologia , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia , Gordura Abdominal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Frutose/farmacologia , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/farmacologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Objective: An evaluation and comparison is made of the thermal increment at different implant surfaces during irradiation with CO2 and ErCr:YSGG lasers.Study design: Five threaded and impacted implants with four types of surfaces were inserted in an adult pig rib:two implants with a hydroxyapatite surface (HA)(impacted and threaded, respectively), a machined titanium surface implant (TI mach), a titanium plasma spray surface implant (TPS), and a sandblasted, acid-etched surface implant (SBAE). A 0.5-mm diameter bone defect was made in the implant apical zone, and a type-K thermocouple(Termopar)® was placed in contact with the implant. The implants were irradiated in the coronal zone of each implant with a CO2 (4 W continuous mode) and an ErCr:YSGG laser (1.5 W, pulsed mode) first without and then with refrigeration. The temperature variations at the implant apical surface were recorded. Results: An apical temperature increase was recorded in all cases during CO2 and ErCr:YSGG laser irradiation without refrigeration. However, when the ErCr:YSGG was used with a water spray, a decrease in temperature was observed in all implants. The acid-etched and sandblasted surfaces were those most affected by the thermal changes.Conclusions: The ErCr:YSGG laser with a water spray applied to the sealing cap or coronal zone of the implants does not generate thermal increments in the apical surface capable of adversely affecting osseo integration and the integrity of the peri-implant bone tissue (AU)
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Implantes Dentários , Terapia a Laser , Selantes de Fossas e Fissuras/uso terapêutico , Lasers/efeitos adversos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Osseointegração/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Risperidone is an antipsychotic commonly used during pregnancy. Because it can cross the placental barrier, our objective was to evaluate its actions on the smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery (HUA). Risperidone preincubation (1-300 nmol/L for 20 minutes) produced a significant decrease in maximum force development induced by serotonin or histamine in HUA rings. When applied on top of stable contractions induced by these agonists risperidone produced quick relaxations (IC(50) = 1 nmol/L for serotonin and 72 nmol/L for histamine). Risperidone induced the contraction of vascular rings depolarized by 40 mmol/L extracellular K(+) but not in the case of 80 mmol/L K(+), suggesting inhibition of K(+) channels. The patch-clamp technique showed that risperidone (3 nmol/L) inhibited whole-cell K(+) currents in freshly isolated HUA smooth muscle cells. Our results are the first showing risperidone effects in human vascular smooth muscle and highlight that its use during pregnancy should be adequately monitored.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Histamina/farmacologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Potássio/metabolismo , Risperidona/farmacologia , Serotonina/farmacologia , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Potenciais da Membrana , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Risperidona/efeitos adversos , Artérias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Umbilicais/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: An evaluation and comparison is made of the thermal increment at different implant surfaces during irradiation with CO2 and ErCr:YSGG lasers. STUDY DESIGN: Five threaded and impacted implants with four types of surfaces were inserted in an adult pig rib: two implants with a hydroxyapatite surface (HA) (impacted and threaded, respectively), a machined titanium surface implant (TI mach), a titanium plasma spray surface implant (TPS), and a sandblasted, acid-etched surface implant (SBAE). A 0.5-mm diameter bone defect was made in the implant apical zone, and a type-K thermocouple (Termopar) was placed in contact with the implant. The implants were irradiated in the coronal zone of each implant with a CO2 (4 W continuous mode) and an ErCr:YSGG laser (1.5 W, pulsed mode) first without and then with refrigeration. The temperature variations at the implant apical surface were recorded. RESULTS: An apical temperature increase was recorded in all cases during CO2 and ErCr:YSGG laser irradiation without refrigeration. However, when the ErCr:YSGG was used with a water spray, a decrease in temperature was observed in all implants. The acid-etched and sandblasted surfaces were those most affected by the thermal changes. CONCLUSIONS: The ErCr:YSGG laser with a water spray applied to the sealing cap or coronal zone of the implants does not generate thermal increments in the apical surface capable of adversely affecting osseointegration and the integrity of the peri-implant bone tissue.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Lasers de Gás , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Projetos Piloto , Propriedades de Superfície , TemperaturaRESUMO
El fumar tabaco durante el embarazo aumenta los riesgos en la salud materno-infanto juvenil provocando múltiples alteraciones atribuidas a la nicotina y al monóxido de carbono producidos por el cigarrillo
Assuntos
Gravidez , Gravidez , Nicotiana , Artérias Umbilicais , Placenta , SerotoninaRESUMO
El fumar tabaco durante el embarazo aumenta los riesgos en la salud materno-infanto juvenil provocando múltiples alteraciones atribuidas a la nicotina y al monóxido de carbono producidos por el cigarrillo.
Assuntos
Gravidez , Placenta , Gravidez , Serotonina , Nicotiana , Artérias UmbilicaisRESUMO
The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) were determined by the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique in smooth muscle cells from human umbilical artery. Using 5 mM extracellular Ca(2+), depolarizing step pulses from -60 to 50 mV from a holding membrane potential of -80 mV evoked an I(Ca) which activated at membrane potentials more positive than -50 mV and exhibited a maximum current density in a range of 10-20 mV. Steady-state inactivation protocols using a V(test) of 10 mV gave a voltage at one-half inactivation and a slope factor of -35.6 mV and 9.5 mV, respectively. Nifedipine (1 microM), an L-type Ca(2+) channels antagonist, completely inhibited I(Ca), while the L-type Ca(2+) channels agonist Bay-K 8644 (1 microM) significantly increased I(Ca) amplitude. Moreover, the selective blocker of P-/Q-type Ca(2+) channels omega-agatoxin IVA partially blocked I(Ca) (about 40 % inhibition at +20 mV by 20 nM). These pharmacological results suggest that L- and P-/Q-type Ca(2+) channels, both nifedipine-sensitive, underlie the I(Ca) registered using low extracellular Ca(2+). The presence of the P-/Q-type Ca(2+) channels was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. When I(Ca) was recorded in a high concentration (30 mM) of extracellular Ca(2+) or Ba(2+) as current carrier, it was evident the presence of a nifedipine-insensitive component which completely inactivated during the course of the voltage-step (75 ms) at all potentials tested, and was blocked by the T-type Ca(2+) channels blocker mibefradil (10 microM). Summarizing, this work shows for the first time the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of voltage-activated Ca(2+) currents in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells.
Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Éster Metílico do Ácido 3-Piridinacarboxílico, 1,4-Di-Hidro-2,6-Dimetil-5-Nitro-4-(2-(Trifluormetil)fenil)/farmacologia , Agonistas dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio Tipo P/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio Tipo Q/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio Tipo T/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Recém-Nascido , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Nifedipino/farmacologia , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Gravidez , Artérias Umbilicais/citologia , Artérias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Umbilicais/metabolismo , ômega-Agatoxina IVA/farmacologiaRESUMO
This study explores the effects of light maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy on the appearance of minor malformations in neonates as well as on the contractile properties of their umbilical cord arteries (UCAs). Clinical external findings of newborns of women declaring light ethanol consumption during any period of their pregnancies [ethanol-exposed group (E group), n=79] were compared with those of nonexposed mothers [nonexposed to ethanol group (NE group), n=100]. Women who smoked or had any associated pathology were excluded. E group mothers consumed, on average, 200-250 mL ethanol/trimester (upper limit 700 mL/trimester). Sixty-six percent of the neonates in the E group presented at least one minor malformation (retromicrognathia and minor anomalies of the auricular/preauricular area were the more common), whereas only 16% of the NE group did (p=0.0000). The percentage of children exhibiting Apgar scores <7 was significantly greater in the E group (11% versus 2%, p=0.0119). UCAs from the E group developed significantly less contractile force (p<0.05) than those of the NE group when exposed to 1 microM serotonin (5-HT) or to a high K+ depolarizing solution. This difference persisted after inhibition of endothelial release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin. In conclusion, even light drinking should be considered a risk during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Troca Materno-Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Troca Materno-Fetal/fisiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Artérias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Orelha/anormalidades , Feminino , Humanos , Micrognatismo/induzido quimicamente , Nariz/anormalidades , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Artérias Umbilicais/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Valorar y comparar la eficacia anestésica de la Articaína al 4% respecto a la Lidocaína al 2%, ambas con una concentración de 1:100.000 de epinefrina en el bloqueo troncal del nervio alveolar inferior durante la extracción quirúrgica de terceros molares inferiores incluidos.Diseño del estudio: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorio a doble ciego en una muestra de 30 pacientes programados para las extracciones quirúrgicas bilaterales de terceros molares inferiores simétricos en el Servicio de Cirugía Bucal del Máster de Cirugía e Implantología Bucal de la Universidad de Barcelona. Previo consentimiento del paciente, dos operadores efectuaron las intervenciones quirúrgicas de forma extemporánea, utilizando como anestésico local la Articaína al 4% o la Lidocaína al 2 % con la misma concentración de vasoconstrictor (epinefrina 1:100.000). Las variables estudiadas para cada anestésico fueron: tiempo de latencia (o de inicio del efecto anestésico), duración del efecto anestésico, cantidad de solución anestésica utilizada y la necesidad de reanestesiar la zona operatoria. Se utilizó una escala analógica visual para valorar la cantidad de dolor experimentado durante el acto quirúrgico y, así, evaluar subjetivamente la profundidad anestésica de las dos soluciones.Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p= .003) en cuanto a la duración del efecto anestésico,que fue mayor para la artcaína al 4% (220,8 minutos), respecto a la lidocaína al 2% (168,20 minutos). En las variables tiempo de latencia, cantidad de solución anestésica utilizada y necesidad de reanestesiar el campo operatorio se evidenciaron diferencias clínicas a favor de la articaína, aunque estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas.La valoración cualitativa de los anestésicos mediante la escala analógica visual mostró similitud en el dolor experimentado por los pacientes con ambos anestésicos.Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se puede afirmar que la articaína al 4% muestra mejores característicasclínicas que la lidocaína al 2%, especialmente en cuanto al tiempo de latencia y duración del efecto anestésico. Sin embargo, no hubieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas que confirmen la superioridad de una solución respecto a la otra, al valorar la eficacia anestésica
Background: A comparative study is made of the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lidocaine, both with epinephrine 1:100,000, in truncal block of the inferior alveolar nerve during the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.Study design: A randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted of 30 patients programmed for the bilateral surgical extraction of symmetrical lower third molars in the context of the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology (University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain). Following the obtainment of informed consent, two operators performed surgery on an extemporaneous basis, using as local anesthetic 4% articaine or 2% lidocaine with the same concentration of vasoconstrictor (epinephrine 1:100,000). The study variables for each anesthetic were: latency (time to action) and duration of anesthetic effect, the amount of anesthetic solution used, and the need of re-anesthetize the surgical zone. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain during surgery, and thus subjectively evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of the two solutions.Results: Statistically significant differences (p = 0.003) were observed in the mean duration of anesthetic effect (220.86 min. for 4% articaine vs. 168.20 min. for 2% lidocaine). Latency, the amount of anesthetic solution and the need to re-anesthetize the surgical field showed clinical differences in favor of articaine, though statistical significance was not reached. The pain scores indicated similar anesthetic efficacy with both solutions.Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that 4% articaine offers better clinical performance than 2% lidocaine, particularlyin terms of latency and duration of the anesthetic effect. However, no statistically significant differences in anesthetic efficacy were recorded between the two solutions
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Anestésicos Locais , Carticaína , Lidocaína , Nervo Mandibular , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Dente Impactado/cirurgia , Anestesia Dentária , Epinefrina , Medição da Dor , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A comparative study is made of the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lidocaine, both with epinephrine 1:100,000, in truncal block of the inferior alveolar nerve during the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted of 30 patients programmed for the bilateral surgical extraction of symmetrical lower third molars in the context of the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology (University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain). Following the obtainment of informed consent, two operators performed surgery on an extemporaneous basis, using as local anesthetic 4% articaine or 2% lidocaine with the same concentration of vasoconstrictor (epinephrine 1:100,000). The study variables for each anesthetic were: latency (time to action) and duration of anesthetic effect, the amount of anesthetic solution used, and the need of re-anesthetize the surgical zone. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain during surgery, and thus subjectively evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of the two solutions. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (p = 0.003) were observed in the mean duration of anesthetic effect (220.86 min. for 4% articaine vs. 168.20 min. for 2% lidocaine). Latency, the amount of anesthetic solution and the need to re-anesthetize the surgical field showed clinical differences in favor of articaine, though statistical significance was not reached. The pain scores indicated similar anesthetic efficacy with both solutions. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained suggest that 4% articaine offers better clinical performance than 2% lidocaine, particularly in terms of latency and duration of the anesthetic effect. However, no statistically significant differences in anesthetic efficacy were recorded between the two solutions.
