RESUMO
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La hemorragia puerperal tardía implica una importante morbilidad y mortalidad que requiere una actuación urgente. Su causa es muy variada y requiere una cuidadosa valoración que permita detenerla, sin complicaciones. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 42 años que a las cinco semanas posteriores a una cesárea acudió a Urgencias debido a un sangrado puerperal abundante. Enseguida de un legrado y exhaustiva revisión en el quirófano en la ecografía se identificó un área parauterina anecogénica sugerente de dilatación aneurismática comunicada con la cavidad uterina. El diagnóstico se estableció con base en la angiografía y se confirmó luego de la embolización mediante radiología intervencionista, sin contratiempos, y resolución del cuadro. La paciente se dio de alta del hospital en los siguientes dos días, con posteriores revisiones que se reportaron normales. CONCLUSIONES: La patología vascular debe formar parte del diagnóstico diferencial del sangrado puerperal tardío y, si se diagnostica adecuadamente, puede facilitar el procedimiento terapéutico mediante radiología intervencionista y evitar, así, otros tratamientos más invasivos.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Late puerperal hemorrhage is a major morbidity and mortality that requires urgent action. Its cause is very varied and requires careful assessment to stop it without complications. CLINICAL CASE: A 42-year-old woman came to the emergency department five weeks after cesarean section for heavy puerperal bleeding. After curettage and thorough examination in the operating room, ultrasound identified an anechogenic parauterine area suggestive of aneurysmal dilatation in communication with the uterine cavity. The diagnosis was established based on angiography and confirmed after embolization by interventional radiology, without mishap, and resolution of the picture. The patient was discharged in two days, with subsequent revisions reported as normal. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular pathology should be part of the differential diagnosis of late puerperal hemorrhage and, if properly diagnosed, may facilitate the therapeutic procedure by interventional radiology and thus avoid other more invasive treatments.
RESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar qué mediciones de la ecografía transvaginal efectuada en el momento de la inducción actúan como predictoras de éxito de parto vaginal en embarazadas con cesárea anterior. La valoración cervical previa a la inducción del parto se lleva a cabo mediante tacto vaginal y estimación del índice de Bishop. Se trata de un diagnóstico subjetivo y sujeto a variabilidad interobservador, por lo que es necesario encontrar un sistema alternativo objetivo y con mínima variabilidad interindividual. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, observacional y prospectivo al que se incluyeron pacientes con antecedente de cesárea, previamente inducidas con sonda de doble balón. Antes de la finalización del embarazo a todas las pacientes se les tomó una ecografía transvaginal para determinar: la longitud cervical, ángulo cervical posterior, grosor y dilatación cervical. Se obtuvieron los informes de la preinducción, parto y puerperio. Resultados: Se estudiaron 35 pacientes y la tasa de parto vaginal fue de 52%. Hubo diferencias significativas en la medición de la longitud cervical entre el grupo de parto vaginal y cesárea, en estas últimas fue más larga (26.8 vs 33.5 mm; p = 0.036). No se encontraron diferencias en el ángulo cervical posterior, dilatación o grosor cervical. Conclusiones: La longitud cervical se perfila como variable predictora de parto vaginal en la preinducción de embarazadas con cesárea anterior; existen diferencias significativas entre el grupo de embarazadas con parto vaginal luego de una cesárea previa (26.8 mm) y el grupo de pacientes con segunda cesárea (33.5 mm).
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine what circumstances during transvaginal ultrasound predict vaginal delivery in labour induction of patients with a previous caesarean section. Several studies have confirmed that the accuracy of the Bishop's score in predicting the outcome of induction of labour is poor, due to the subjectivity of digital examination, which is also influenced by interobserver variability. That is why it is necesary to find an alternative score which provides objectiveness and minimum interobserver differencies. Materials and methods: An observational prospective and analytic study was designed and 35 patients were included. All of them had a previous caesarean section and underwent cervical induction with a double balloon device. Transvaginal ultrasound was run in all the cases, regarding cervical length, posterior cervical angle, thickness and cervical dilation. Moreover, data from delivery and postpartum were recorded. Results: Vaginal delivery rate was 51.6%. Significative diferencies between cervical lenght in patients who delivered vaginally and those with a second cesarean section were found (26.8mm versus 33.5mm, p = 0.036). No differencies were found between posterior cervical angle measures, nor cervical dilation or cervical thickness. Conclusions: Cervical length is outlined as a predictive variable of vaginal delivery in preinduction of patients with a previous cesarean section. It has been demostrated that this measurement is significatively shorter in patients having a vaginal delivery (26.8mm) than in patients with a second cesaren section (33.5 mm).
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of fetal scalp lactate sampling (FSLS) and to establish an optimal cut-off value for intrapartum acidosis compared with fetal scalp pH. METHODS: A 20-month retrospective cohort study was conducted of all neonates delivered in our institution for whom fetal scalp blood sampling (FSBS) was performed, matching their intrapartum gasometry to their cord gasometry at delivery (n=243). The time taken from the performance of scalp blood sampling to arterial umbilical cord gas acquisition was 45 min at most. Five arterial cord gasometry patterns were set for assessing the predictive ability of both techniques. Subsequent obstetric management for a pathological value was analysed considering the use of both techniques. RESULTS: The optimal cut-off value for FSLS was 4.8 mmol/L: this value has 100% sensitivity and 63% specificity for umbilical arterial cord gas pH≤7.0 and base deficit (BD)≥12 detection, and 100% sensitivity and 64% specificity for umbilical arterial cord gas pH≤7.10 and BD≥12 detection, with a false negative rate of <1.3%, improving fetal scalp pH performance. FSLS showed the best area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and 0.84 for both arterial cord gasometry patterns, respectively. Expedite birth following lactate criteria would have been the same as following pH criteria (92 obstetric interventions) with no cases of missed metabolic acidosis. In the cohort, 19.8% of cases were discordant, but no cases of metabolic acidosis were in this group. CONCLUSIONS: FSLS improves the detection of metabolic acidosis via fetal scalp pH with an optimal cut-off value of 4.8 mmol/L. FSLS can be used without increasing obstetrical interventions or missing metabolic acidosis.
