[Validation of the Spanish version of the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index Questionnaire. "Validart Study"]. / Validación de la versión española del Cuestionario Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index. "Estudio Validart".

INTRODUCTION: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a chronic disease that affects Health related quality of life (HRQL). In Spain there are no specific questionnaires to assess HRQL in patients suffering from BPH. The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index (BII) questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study participants were men over 49 with confirmed BPH diagnosis and evaluated in three visits. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed in terms of validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. RESULTS: A total of 1,719 men with mean (SD) age 68.36 were evaluated and classified according to the BPH severity. Both longitudinal and construct validity (r>0.6) of the BII questionnaire were moderate-high. Internal consistency (alpha=0.91), test-retest reliability (CCI=0.8) and sensitivity to change (effect size=0.6) showed good results. The HRQL improved significantly during the monitoring period (p<0.01). DISCUSSION: There were no available specific HRQL questionnaires for Spanish population with BPH until now. The Spanish version of the BII questionnaire fulfils with the psychometric properties that are necessary to evaluate HRQL in patients with BPH; furthermore, it has been confirm the considerable impact of this disease in the quality of life of this patients.

Validación de la versión española del Cuestionario Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index. 'Estudio Validart' / Validation of the spanish version of the benign prostatic hyperplasia impact indez questionnaire. 'Validar study'

Introducción: La Hiperplasia Benigna de Próstata (HBP) es una enfermedad crónica que afecta la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). En España no hay cuestionarios específicos para evaluar la CVRS en esta enfermedad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue validar la versión española del cuestionario Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ImpactIndex (BII). Material y métodos: Participaron hombres mayores de 49 años diagnosticados de HBP evaluados en tres visitas. Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario en términos de validez, fiabilidad y sensibilidad al cambio. Resultados: Se evaluaron 1.719 hombres con edad media (DE) de 68,36 años (8,07) clasificados según gravedad de la HBP. La validez longitudinal y la validez de constructo (r>0,6) del cuestionario BII fueron moderadas-altas. La consistencia interna (α=0,91), la fiabilidad test-retest (CCI=0,8) y la sensibilidad al cambio (tamaño efecto=0,6) fueron buenas. La CVRS mejoró significativamente durante el seguimiento (p<0,01).Discusión: Hasta ahora no existían cuestionarios específicos de calidad de vida para población española con HBP. La versión española del cuestionario BII cumple las propiedades psicométricas necesarias para evaluar la CVRS en la HBP; confirmando además, el significativo impacto de la enfermedad en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes (AU)

Introduction: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a chronic disease that affects Health related quality of life (HRQL). In Spain there are no specific questionnaires to assess HRQL in patients suffering from BPH. The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index (BII) questionnaire. Material and methods: Study participants were men over 49 with confirmed BPH diagnosis and evaluated in three visits. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed in terms of validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. Results: A total of 1,719 men with mean (SD) age 68.36 were evaluated and classified according to the BPH severity. Both longitudinal and construct validity (r>0.6) of the BII questionnaire were moderate-high. Internal consistency (α=0.91), test-retest reliability (CCI=0.8) and sensitivity to change (effect size=0.6) showed good results. The HRQL improved significantly during the monitoring period (p<0.01).Discussion: There were no available specific HRQL questionnaires for Spanish population with BPH until now. The Spanish version of the BII questionnaire fulfils with the psychometric properties that are necessary to evaluate HRQL in patients with BPH; furthermore, it has been confirm the considerable impact of this disease in the quality of life of this patients (AU)

[Validity of tests for initial diagnosis and its concordance with final diagnosis in patients with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia]. / Validez de las pruebas utilizadas en el diagnóstico inicial y su concordancia con el diagnóstico final en pacientes con sospecha de hiperplasia benigna de próstata.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of diagnostic tools available at the primary care setting [medical history (MH), I-PSS questionnaire, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) evaluation] for the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 363 patients with suspected prostatic disease referred to urology outpatient clinics were included. For every subject initial BPH diagnosis was collected at each of the following sequential procedures: 1) MH; 2) I-PSS; 3) DRE; and 4) PSA. Each of these diagnostic decisions were compared to a final diagnosis (gold standard) reached after the addition of urinary sediment analysis, ultrasonographic assessment of residual volume and prostatic volume, and peak urinary flow measurement. A descriptive analysis was undertaken: validity and concordance between each diagnostic step and the gold standard was calculated. RESULTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of diagnosis based on MH+I-PSS+DRE+PSA with respect to the gold standard were 91%, 65%, 95% and 50%, respectively. The percentage of agreement and kappa index between both diagnostic strategies were 87.9% and 0.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concordance between BPH initial diagnosis based on MH+I-PSS+DRE+PSA and diagnosis based on a full range of tests was high, thus allowing recommending the use of this group of initial diagnostic procedures, which are available to the primary care physician, not only as a first diagnostic step in patients with suspected BPH, but also as a valid strategy to prevent unnecessary delay in its initial management and to facilitate appropriate referral from primary to specialized care.

[Psychological impact of erectile dysfunction on self-esteem and self-confidence]. / Repercusiones psicológicas de la disfunción eréctil sobre la autoestima y autoconfianza.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is caused by a large range of organic, psychological, psychiatric, interpersonal and pharmacological factors. Numerous scientific publications mention the loss of self-esteem as a collateral effect of ED, with a very probable affectation of the subject's self-confidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the self-esteem and self-confidence of subjects with ED and to compare them with a group of non-ED subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, observational, comparative and multicentric study was conducted. General Practitioners selected 405 men older than 18 years in which they suspected ED. All the participants had to complete the self administered form of the Spanish version of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Spanish culturally adapted version of the Johnson and McCoy self-confidence scale. After that, patients were referred to the urologist in order to confirm the ED diagnosis. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of the data showed that the subjects with ED obtained significantly lower scores in the self-confidence and self-esteem scales than the non-ED subjects (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: The results of this study show the loss of self-confidence and self-esteem that suffer patients with ED.

Repercusiones psicológicas de la disfunción eréctil sobre la autoestima y autoconfianza / Psychological impact of erectile dysfunction on self-esteem and self-continence

Introducción: La disfunción eréctil (DE) está causada por una amplia gama de factores orgánicos, psicológicos, psiquiátricos, interpersonales y farmacológicos. En numerosas publicaciones se menciona la pérdida de autoestima como un efecto colateral de la DE siendo muy probable también una afectación de la autoconfianza del sujeto. El objetivo del siguiente estudio fue evaluar la autoestima y autoconfianza de sujetos con DE y compararla con un grupo de sujetos sin DE. Material y Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, observacional, comparativo y multicéntrico. Se seleccionaron 405 sujetos varones mayores de 18 años en los que el médico de Atención Primaria sospechara que pudieran padecer DE. Todos los participantes debían cumplimentar de forma autoaplicada la versión española del cuestionario de autoestima de Rosenberg y la adaptación cultural al español del Cuestionario de autoconfianza de Johnson y McCoy. Después fueron remitidos a un urólogo que confirmaba el diagnóstico de DE (“gold Standard”).Resultados: El análisis estadístico mostró que los sujetos afectados de DE obtenían puntuaciones significativamente inferiores en las escalas de autoconfianza y autoestima que los sujetos sin DE (p< 0.01).Discusión: Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la pérdida de autoconfianza y autoestima que sufren los pacientes afectados de DE (AU)

Background and objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is caused by a large range of organic, psychological, psychiatric, interpersonal and pharmacological factors. Numerous scientific publications mention the loss of self-esteem as a collateral effect of ED, with a very probable affectation of the subject´s self-confidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the self-esteem and self-confidence of subjects with ED and to compare them with a group of non-ED subjects. Subjects and Method: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, observational, comparative and multicentric study was conducted. General Practitioners selected 405 men older than 18 years in which they suspected ED. All the participants had to complete the self administered form of the Spanish version of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Spanish culturally adapted version of the Johnson and McCoy self-confidence scale. After that, patients were referred to the urologist in order to confirm the ED diagnosis. Results: The statistical analysis of the data showed that the subjects with ED obtained significantly lower scores in the self-confidence and self-esteem scales than the non-ED subjects (p< 0.01). Discussion: The results of this study show the loss of self-confidence and self-esteem that suffer patients with ED