The impact of room shape on affective states, heartrate, and creative output.

The architectural design of space can deeply impact an individuals' mood, physiology, and mental health. While previous research has predominantly focused on elements like nature and lighting within architectural spaces, there is a growing literature base that also investigates the psychological and neurophysiological impacts of geometrical properties of architectural spaces. Employing virtual reality technology, the study sought to investigate the effects of curved and rectangular architectural spaces on affective states, heart rate, and creativity. A total of 35 participants were exposed to two distinct virtual environments: a curved room and a rectangular room. Participants' self-reported mood was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-Long Form). Heart rate was monitored using a pulse oximeter, and creative output was evaluated using the Guilford Alternative Uses Task (GAUT). Statistical comparisons between the two room types indicated that participants experienced higher positive affect and lower negative affect in the curved room condition compared to the rectangular room condition. Furthermore, heart rate measurements revealed lower physiological arousal in the curved room. Additionally, participants exhibited higher creative output in the curved room as opposed to the rectangular room. These findings align with previous literature on the influence of geometric factors on affective responses. The implications of this study are significant as they pertain to individuals' daily environments and their impact on health and well-being. The positive influence of curved room geometry on mood, arousal, and creativity emphasises the importance of considering room layout and design in various settings, such as workplaces and educational environments. Architects and designers can utilise these findings to inform their decisions and promote neuroarchitecture that enhances positive emotional experiences and productivity.

Corrigendum: Impact of adjuvant: trivalent vaccine with quadrivalent-like protection against heterologous Yamagata-lineage influenza B virus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002286.].

Academic career outcomes of Orthopedic Research and Education Foundation resident grant recipients.

The Orthopedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) awards resident research grants to orthopedic surgery residents. Outcomes are lacking for OREF resident grant recipients including academic career choice and scholarly productivity. This was a retrospective cohort study of OREF resident grant recipients (2012-2020). The percentage of OREF resident grant recipients selecting an academic career was compared with the percentage of academic orthopedic surgeons in the United States via a χ2 test. Two hundred and seventy-six OREF resident grants were issued to 272 orthopedic surgery residents at 73 programs. OREF resident grant recipients were predominantly male (79.0%) and Caucasian (70.2%). OREF resident grant recipients had greater women representation than the national cohort of orthopedic surgery residents (21.0% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.030) with similar proportions of underrepresented racial minorities (29.8% vs. 27.2%, p = 0.351). OREF resident grants consisted of clinical (69.6%) and basic/translational science (30.4%) research and were awarded mostly for sports medicine (25.4%), trauma (18.8%), and adult reconstruction (15.9%) topics. The average h-index was 8.5 ± 9.2 resulting from 29.5 ± 51.2 manuscripts. The majority of OREF resident grant recipients selected an academic career, which was higher than the national benchmark of academic orthopedic surgeons (63.8% vs. 24.4%, p < 0.001). Two OREF resident grant recipients transitioned to National Institutes of Health research funding (0.7%). Multivariable logistical regression demonstrated two independent characteristics associated with pursuit of a future academic career: female sex (p = 0.042) and higher h-index values (p = 0.002). Procurement of OREF resident grants is associated with pursuit of an academic career. Clinical significance: There is great interest in fostering the next generation of orthopedic surgeon scientists. Results from this study demonstrate the association between receipt of an OREF resident research grant and pursuit of a future career in academic orthopedic surgery.

Impact of adjuvant: Trivalent vaccine with quadrivalent-like protection against heterologous Yamagata-lineage influenza B virus.

As new vaccine technologies and platforms, such as nanoparticles and novel adjuvants, are developed to aid in the establishment of a universal influenza vaccine, studying traditional influenza split/subunit vaccines should not be overlooked. Commercially available vaccines are typically studied in terms of influenza A H1 and H3 viruses but influenza B viruses need to be examined as well. Thus, there is a need to both understand the limitations of split/subunit vaccines and develop strategies to overcome those limitations, particularly their ability to elicit cross-reactive antibodies to the co-circulating Victoria (B-V) and Yamagata (B-Y) lineages of human influenza B viruses. In this study, we compared three commercial influenza hemagglutinin (HA) split/subunit vaccines, one quadrivalent (H1, H3, B-V, B-Y HAs) and two trivalent (H1, H3, B-V HAs), to characterize potential differences in their antibody responses and protection against a B-Y challenge. We found that the trivalent adjuvanted vaccine Fluad, formulated without B-Y HA, was able to produce antibodies to B-Y (cross-lineage) on a similar level to those elicited from a quadrivalent vaccine (Flucelvax) containing both B-V and B-Y HAs. Interestingly, Fluad protected mice from a lethal cross-lineage B-Y viral challenge, while another trivalent vaccine, Fluzone HD, failed to elicit antibodies or full protection following challenge. Fluad immunization also diminished viral burden in the lungs compared to Fluzone and saline groups. The success of a trivalent vaccine to provide protection from a cross-lineage influenza B challenge, similar to a quadrivalent vaccine, suggests that further analysis of different split/subunit vaccine formulations could identify mechanisms for vaccines to target antigenically different viruses. Understanding how to increase the breadth of the immune response following immunization will be needed for universal influenza vaccine development.

Isolated IgG2 deficiency is an independent risk factor for exacerbations in bronchiectasis.

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass 2 deficiency is the most frequent IgG subclass deficiency identified in patients with bronchiectasis, but its clinical significance is not known. AIM: To analyse if bronchiectasis patients with isolated IgG2 deficiency at risk of recurrent exacerbations and/or hospitalization? Do patients with IgG2 deficiency have worse disease progression? DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study (2015-20) exploring independent risk factors for recurrent exacerbations (3 or more per year) and/or hospitalization with bronchiectasis exacerbations using multivariable models using binary logistic regression. There was no patient with IgG deficiency, IgG 1, 3 or 4 deficiency, or IgA or IgM deficiency included. In this model, the authors included: serum IgG2 level; lung function; body mass index; MRC breathlessness scale; age; sex; number of bronchiectatic lobes; bacterial colonization; comorbidities; and the use of long-term immunosuppressant drugs or antibiotics for more than 28 days. Analysing 2-year longitudinal data, one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare bronchiectasis severity between patients with different IgG2 levels. RESULTS: Serum IgG2 levels (<2.68 g/l, 2.68-3.53 g/l and 3.54-4.45 g/l); hospital admission in the preceding 2 years; bacterial colonization with potentially pathogenic organisms and asthma were independent predictors for three or more bronchiectasis exacerbations. Those with low IgG2 levels (<2.68 g/l and 2.68-3.53 g/l), had worsening progression of their bronchiectasis, using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index, over 1 year compared with those who were IgG2 replete (>4.45 g/l) (P = 0.003, 0.013). CONCLUSION: Reduced IgG2 levels were an independent predictor for bronchiectasis exacerbations and have increased disease progression.

Validation of a Diet Quality Screening Tool for Use in the Oldest Old.

The oldest old (aged ≥80 years) are often the population subgroup at high nutritional risk due to age-related metabolic changes. We performed a validation analysis of a dietary screening tool (DST) which was developed for older adults among the oldest old. We examined dietary intakes using three 24-hour dietary recalls and the DST among 122 participants (aged 82-97) of the Geisinger Rural Aging Study. DST scores were compared with the Health Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores, which were calculated based on three-day dietary recalls. Pearson correlations were used to characterize concurrent validity and Bland-Altman plots were used to identify potential bias. DST scores were significantly correlated with HEI scores (adjusted r = 0.68; p < 0.001) in an age- and sex-adjusted model. Those within the not-at-risk DST group had significantly higher HEI scores (adjusted means = 79.6 ± 3.68) compared with those who were in the at-risk (adjusted means = 51.2 ± 1.56) and the possibly-at-risk (adjusted means = 66.3 ± 1.79) groups (p-trend < 0.001). The DST appears to be a valid measure of diet quality in the oldest old when compared with the HEI and may be a potential tool to assess overall diet quality in this population.

The Predictive Ability of Pre-Operative Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Pathological Outcomes in Prostate Cancer

Aims Accurate preoperative knowledge of tumour stage is important in preoperative planning at radical prostatectomy (RP). The aim of this study was to assess the predictive ability of multiparametric MRI for detecting pathological outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent RP over a 4 year period. Results Preoperative MRI was reported as showing T3 or T4 disease in 26(17.9%) out of 145 patients undergoing RP. Of these, 10(6.9%) had ECE (extra-capsular extension) and 1(0.7%) had SVI (seminal vesicle invasion) on final histology. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detecting ECE were 27.3% and 87.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detecting SVI were 11.1% and 97.8%, respectively. The positive predictive values for determining ECE and SVI were 45.5% and 25%, respectively and negative predictive values were 75.9% and 94.4%. Conclusion MRI has good specificity but poor and heterogeneous sensitivity for predicting T3 disease in RP specimen.

Mercury concentrations in bald eagles across an impacted watershed in Maine, USA.

Mercury (Hg) exposure was evaluated in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the lower Penobscot River watershed (PRW) in Maine to assess whether Hg discharges from a chlor-alkali plant (HoltraChem) influenced Hg concentrations in nestling tissues. Mean Hg concentrations in nestling blood and breast feathers sampled in marine and estuarine areas potentially contaminated with Hg from HoltraChem (the potential Hg impact zone) were significantly greater than those from reference sites spanning the Maine coast. To place Hg exposure in the potential Hg impact zone into a broader context, Hg exposure in bald eagle nestlings from four habitat types in the PRW was assessed. Mercury concentrations varied significantly across habitat types within the PRW, generally following the pattern: marine=estuarine

Comparison of Training Intensity Patterns for Cardiorespiratory, Speed, and Strength Exercise Programs.

Vetter, RE, Yu, H, Foose, AK, Adam, PJ, and Dodd, RK. Comparison of training intensity patterns for cardiorespiratory, speed, and strength exercise programs. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3372-3395, 2017-Designing effective exercise training programs is important for novice, regular, and elite individuals desiring improvements in physical fitness and performance outcomes without experiencing deleterious physiological or performance effects. The purpose of this research was to understand the impact of training intensity on the effectiveness of training program outcomes. Synthesized analyses of 31 studies provided an overall magnitude for the impact of training program intensity on effect size (ES). Meta-analyses were performed using meta-regression models to assess the impact of training program intensity and the other moderators of training frequency, training weeks, age, ability level, and type of physical exercise training. Inclusion criteria were (a) pretest and posttest outcomes, group size, and mean and SDs were given, (b) only human participants, age 17 or older, and healthy being free of disease, injury, or pregnancy, (c) no supplements or dietary interventions were used, (d) a minimum 4-week training intervention was used, and (e) training protocols included training intensity as its focus. Of the research reviewed, there were 31 studies representing 292 cases used to calculate ES, which met the inclusion criteria. Training frequency, training weeks, age, and ability level did not consistently affect the effectiveness of the different training programs. Intensity level influenced ES across the types of physical training programs: cardiorespiratory, muscular strength, or speed. An aggregated model had a curvilinear effect on training programs with an estimated critical average value of 74%. Muscular strength training using intensities greater than estimated 87.29% resulted in diminishing returns.

Ionizing radiation exposure as a result of diagnostic imaging in patients with lymphoma

Purpose: Survival rates among patients with lymphoma continue to improve. Strategies aimed at reducing potential treatment-related toxicity are increasingly prioritized. While radiological procedures play an important role, ionizing radiation exposure has been linked to an increased risk of malignancy, particularly among individuals whose cumulative radiation exposure exceeds a specific threshold (75 millisieverts). Methods: Within this retrospective study, the cumulative radiation exposure dose was quantified for 486 consecutive patients with lymphoma. Results: The median estimated total cumulative effective dose (CED) of ionizing radiation per subject was 69 mSv (42-118). However, younger patients (under 40 years) had a median CED of 89 mSv (55-124). Conclusion: This study highlights the considerable radiation exposure occurring among patients with lymphoma as a result of diagnostic imaging. To limit the risk of secondary carcinogenesis, consideration should be given to monitoring cumulative radiation exposure in individual patients as well as considering imaging modalities, which do not impart an ionizing radiation dose (AU)

No disponible

Key mechanisms governing resolution of lung inflammation.

Innate immunity normally provides excellent defence against invading microorganisms. Acute inflammation is a form of innate immune defence and represents one of the primary responses to injury, infection and irritation, largely mediated by granulocyte effector cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. Failure to remove an inflammatory stimulus (often resulting in failed resolution of inflammation) can lead to chronic inflammation resulting in tissue injury caused by high numbers of infiltrating activated granulocytes. Successful resolution of inflammation is dependent upon the removal of these cells. Under normal physiological conditions, apoptosis (programmed cell death) precedes phagocytic recognition and clearance of these cells by, for example, macrophages, dendritic and epithelial cells (a process known as efferocytosis). Inflammation contributes to immune defence within the respiratory mucosa (responsible for gas exchange) because lung epithelia are continuously exposed to a multiplicity of airborne pathogens, allergens and foreign particles. Failure to resolve inflammation within the respiratory mucosa is a major contributor of numerous lung diseases. This review will summarise the major mechanisms regulating lung inflammation, including key cellular interplays such as apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages and macrophage/neutrophil/epithelial cell interactions. The different acute and chronic inflammatory disease states caused by dysregulated/impaired resolution of lung inflammation will be discussed. Furthermore, the resolution of lung inflammation during neutrophil/eosinophil-dominant lung injury or enhanced resolution driven via pharmacological manipulation will also be considered.

Anomalous right upper lobe venous drainage.

Lung resections are usually not associated with significant bleeding, but can be fatal, especially in cases of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Anomalous vascular structures could be a major reason for unexpected bleeding in such surgeries. We present a case of an aberrant upper lobe pulmonary vein that was encountered posterior to the right upper lobe bronchus during a right upper lobectomy via thoracotomy. The anomalous pulmonary vein was identified preoperatively on a computed tomography (CT) scan and hence was looked for before dividing the bronchus. Many centres are adopting the VATS approach for performing lung resections. If an anomalous vein is present posterior to the bronchus, it might be in a blind spot and could be damaged inadvertently, leading to profuse and potentially fatal bleeding. We conclude that the identification of anomalous vascular structures prior to surgery with the help of CT helps in avoiding adverse outcomes.

Ionizing radiation exposure as a result of diagnostic imaging in patients with lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Survival rates among patients with lymphoma continue to improve. Strategies aimed at reducing potential treatment-related toxicity are increasingly prioritized. While radiological procedures play an important role, ionizing radiation exposure has been linked to an increased risk of malignancy, particularly among individuals whose cumulative radiation exposure exceeds a specific threshold (75 millisieverts). METHODS: Within this retrospective study, the cumulative radiation exposure dose was quantified for 486 consecutive patients with lymphoma. RESULTS: The median estimated total cumulative effective dose (CED) of ionizing radiation per subject was 69 mSv (42-118). However, younger patients (under 40 years) had a median CED of 89 mSv (55-124). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the considerable radiation exposure occurring among patients with lymphoma as a result of diagnostic imaging. To limit the risk of secondary carcinogenesis, consideration should be given to monitoring cumulative radiation exposure in individual patients as well as considering imaging modalities, which do not impart an ionizing radiation dose.

From Molecules to Patients: The Clinical Applications of Translational Bioinformatics.

OBJECTIVE: In order to realize the promise of personalized medicine, Translational Bioinformatics (TBI) research will need to continue to address implementation issues across the clinical spectrum. In this review, we aim to evaluate the expanding field of TBI towards clinical applications, and define common themes and current gaps in order to motivate future research. METHODS: Here we present the state-of-the-art of clinical implementation of TBI-based tools and resources. Our thematic analyses of a targeted literature search of recent TBI-related articles ranged across topics in genomics, data management, hypothesis generation, molecular epidemiology, diagnostics, therapeutics and personalized medicine. RESULTS: Open areas of clinically-relevant TBI research identified in this review include developing data standards and best practices, publicly available resources, integrative systemslevel approaches, user-friendly tools for clinical support, cloud computing solutions, emerging technologies and means to address pressing legal, ethical and social issues. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for further research bridging the gap from foundational TBI-based theories and methodologies to clinical implementation. We have organized the topic themes presented in this review into four conceptual foci - domain analyses, knowledge engineering, computational architectures and computation methods alongside three stages of knowledge development in order to orient future TBI efforts to accelerate the goals of personalized medicine.

Radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging in young patients with testicular cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Risks associated with high cumulative effective dose (CED) from radiation are greater when imaging is performed on younger patients. Testicular cancer affects young patients and has a good prognosis. Regular imaging is standard for follow-up. This study quantifies CED from diagnostic imaging in these patients. METHODS: Radiological imaging of patients aged 18-39 years, diagnosed with testicular cancer between 2001 and 2011 in two tertiary care centres was examined. Age at diagnosis, cancer type, dose-length product (DLP), imaging type, and frequency were recorded. CED was calculated from DLP using conversion factors. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS. RESULTS: In total, 120 patients with a mean age of 30.7 ± 5.2 years at diagnosis had 1,410 radiological investigations. Median (IQR) surveillance was 4.37 years (2.0-5.5). Median (IQR) CED was 125.1 mSv (81.3-177.5). Computed tomography accounted for 65.3 % of imaging studies and 98.3 % of CED. We found that 77.5 % (93/120) of patients received high CED (>75 mSv). Surveillance time was associated with high CED (OR 2.1, CI 1.5-2.8). CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of testicular cancer frequently receive high CED from diagnostic imaging, mainly CT. Dose management software for accurate real-time monitoring of CED and low-dose CT protocols with maintained image quality should be used by specialist centres for surveillance imaging. KEY POINTS: • CT accounted for 98.3 % of CED in patients with testicular cancer. • Median CED in patients with testicular cancer was 125.1 mSv • High CED (>75 mSv) was observed in 77.5 % (93/120) of patients. • Dose tracking and development of low-dose CT protocols are recommended.

Increasing the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT interpretation of "mildly positive" mediastinal nodes in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to identify radiological factors that may reduce false-positive results and increase diagnostic accuracy when staging the mediastinum of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS: This was a retrospective, interdisciplinary, per-node analysis study. We included patients with NSCLC and mediastinal nodes with an SUV max in the range of 2.5-4.0 on PET-CT. We hypothesized that the greatest number of false positive cases would occur in this cohort of patients. RESULTS: A total of 92 mediastinal lymph nodes were analyzed in 44 patients. Mediastinal disease (N2/N3) was histologically confirmed in 15 of 44 patients and in 34 of 92 lymph nodes; positive predictive value of 37% and false positive rate of 63%. Lymph node SUV max, tumor size, ratio of node SUV max to tumor SUV max (SUVn/SUVp), and ratio of node SUV max to node size (SUV n/SADn) were significantly higher in true positive cases. Using a threshold of 0.3 for SUV node/tumor and 3 for SUV node/size yielded sensitivities of 91% and 71% and specificities of 71% and 69% respectively for the detection of mediastinal disease. Using both ratios in combination resulted in a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 88%. Concurrent benign lung disease was observed significantly more frequently in false-positive cases. CONCLUSION: SUVn/SUVpt and SUVn/SADn may be complimentary to conventional visual interpretation and SUV max measurement in the assessment of mediastinal disease in patients with NSCLC.

Gastrointestinal ostomies and sexual outcomes: a comparison of colorectal cancer patients by ostomy status.

PURPOSE: Research examining effects of ostomy use on sexual outcomes is limited. Patients with colorectal cancer were compared on sexual outcomes and body image based on ostomy status (never, past, and current ostomy). Differences in depression were also examined. METHODS: Patients were prospectively recruited during clinic visits and by tumor registry mailings. Patients with colorectal cancer (N = 141; 18 past ostomy; 25 current ostomy; and 98 no ostomy history) completed surveys assessing sexual outcomes (medical impact on sexual function, Female Sexual Function Index, International Index of Erectile Function), body image distress (Body Image Scale), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Short Form). Clinical information was obtained through patient validated self-report measures and medical records. RESULTS: Most participants reported sexual function in the dysfunctional range using established cut-off scores. In analyses adjusting for demographic and medical covariates and depression, significant group differences were found for ostomy status on impact on sexual function (p < .001), female sexual function (p = .01), and body image (p < .001). The current and past ostomy groups reported worse impact on sexual function than those who never had an ostomy (p < .001); similar differences were found for female sexual function. The current ostomy group reported worse body image distress than those who never had an ostomy (p < .001). No differences were found across the groups for depressive symptoms (p = .33) or male sexual or erectile function (p values ≥ .59). CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal cancer treatment puts patients at risk for sexual difficulties and some difficulties may be more pronounced for patients with ostomies as part of their treatment. Clinical information and support should be offered.

Characteristics of modern Gleason 9/10 prostate adenocarcinoma: a single tertiary centre experience within the Republic of Ireland.

INTRODUCTION: The 2005 international society of urological pathology consensus statement on Gleason grading in prostate cancer revised Gleason scoring in clinical practice. The potential for grade migration with this refinement poses difficulties in interpreting historical series. We report the characteristics of a recent cohort of consecutive Gleason score 9 or 10 prostate cancers in our institution. The purpose of this study was to define the clinicopathologic variables and staging information for this high-risk population, and to identify whether traditional prostate staging techniques are adequate for this subcohort of men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computational review of our pathology database was performed. Between May 2010 and September 2012, 1,295 consecutive biopsies were undertaken, 168 of which were high-grade tumours (12.97 %). This group were divided into two cohorts of which 84 (12.05 %) had a highest reported Gleason score of 9 (N = 79) or 10 (N = 5) and 84 were reported as Gleason 8. All biopsies were double-reported by pathologists with a special interest in uropathology. RESULTS: Men diagnosed with a Gleason pattern 5 tumour were statistically far more likely to have advanced disease on direct rectal examination of the prostate compared with Gleason sum 8 tumours (p < 0.001) and a positive first-degree family history of prostate cancer (p < 0.001). Overall, Gleason sum 9/10 prostate cancers were also found to be statistically more aggressive than Gleason sum 8 tumours on TRUS core biopsy analysis with significantly higher levels of perineural invasion (p < 0.0001) and extracapsular extension (p = 0.001) as well as a higher levels of tumour found within the core biopsy sample. Those men diagnosed with Gleason pattern 5 prostate cancer also had radiological indicators of increased tumour aggressiveness compared with Gleason sum 8 cancer with respect to bone (p = 0.0002) and visceral (p = 0.044) metastases at presentation. CONCLUSIONS: This series of Gleason score 9/10 prostate cancers serves to highlight the large disease burden, adverse pathologic features, and locally advanced nature of this aggressive subtype, which has previously been under-described in the literature, and differs from historical series in having a large high-grade cohort demonstrating high rates of metastatic disease. A history of prostate cancer amongst first-degree relatives was particularly prevalent in this population raising the issue of screening in a high-risk population. The high incidence of visceral metastatic disease at presentation supports upfront staging with CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis in patients with Gleason 9 or 10 prostate cancers.

Quality of life of young adult survivors of hematologic malignancies.

BACKGROUND: Hematologic malignancies occur frequently in young adults. With treatment, many patients are able to survive. Issues of dependency and peer group membership present unique challenges to this subset of cancer survivors. Interest in cancer survivorship has grown, but little is known about the quality of life (QOL) of young adult survivors. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to examine QOL among young adult survivors in relation to middle-aged and older adults, identify common areas of concern, and explore the association of individual characteristics with levels of QOL. METHODS: This was a descriptive correlational study using a convenience sample of 48 patients, aged 18 to 35 years at time of diagnosis. Data collection consisted of a 1-time telephone interview utilizing the City of Hope Quality of Life of Cancer Survivors questionnaire and 3 open-ended questions. RESULTS: No significant correlations were found between QOL dimensions and current age, age at treatment completion, or time since treatment completion. Social well-being was related to age and spiritual well-being to race. A substantial proportion of the sample identified the need for additional education and peer group support. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the importance of developing survivorship programs tailored to the needs of the young adult patient. This may include ongoing opportunities to meet with other survivors and referrals to appropriate support resources. Data suggest that the need for survivorship services exists beyond the first few years after treatment completion. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Young adult patients who may be at higher risk for decreased QOL can be targeted for earlier intervention.