[German version of the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire : Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity]. / Die deutsche Version des Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire : Übersetzung, transkulturelle Adaptation, Reliabilität und Validität.

BACKGROUND: Excellence in Pain Education was the motto of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Global Year Campaign for 2018. Explaining pain neurobiology to patients is one part of pain education. To assess patient's pain knowledge, the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) has been extensively used internationally. The present study describes the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the German version of the NPQ (NPQ­D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was translated and adapted following established recommendations. A total of 169 patients and 122 physiotherapists completed the NPQ­D. The patients also completed the SF12 and the FFbH-R for the purpose of construct validation of the NPQ­D. Furthermore, 55 patients repeated the NPQ­D after 10 days. The NPQ­D was tested for dimensionality, internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Internal consistency was α = 0.52. An exploratory factor analysis revealed four different factors. Therapists did show significantly higher NPQ­D scores than patients (p < 0.001) and therapist who have been educated in pain neurophysiology scored significantly higher than therapists without this education (p < 0.01). Test-retest reliability was high (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.82-0.93). There were no correlations between NPQ­D and SF12 or FFbH-R indicating construct validity of the NPQ­D. CONCLUSIONS: The NPQ has been translated and adapted into German. The psychometric properties show satisfactory results and the questionnaire can be recommended for clinicians and researchers alike to assess pain knowledge and changes in pain knowledge after pain education interventions.

A randomised trial comparing the efficacy and safety of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome(®) gel (IDEA-033) with oral ketoprofen and drug-free ultra-deformable Sequessome™ vesicles (TDT 064) for the treatment of muscle soreness following exercise.

We compared the effectiveness of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome(®) gel (IDEA-033) with oral ketoprofen and drug-free Sequessome™ vesicles (FLEXISEQ(®) Sport; TDT 064) in reducing calf muscle soreness. One hundred and sixty eight healthy individuals with a pain score ≥ 3 (10-point scale) 12-16 h post-exercise (walking down stairs with an altitude of 300-400 m) were randomised to receive IDEA-033 plus oral placebo (two dose groups), oral ketoprofen plus TDT 064, or TDT 064 plus oral placebo. The primary endpoint was muscle soreness reduction from pre-dosing to Day 7. Higher pain scores were recorded with oral ketoprofen plus TDT 064 (mean ± s 462.4 ± 160.4) versus IDEA-033 plus oral placebo (434.7 ± 190.8; P = 0.2931) or TDT 064 plus oral placebo (376.2 ± 159.1; P = 0.0240) in the 7 days post-exercise. Recovery from muscle soreness was longer with oral ketoprofen plus TDT 064 (mean 91.0 ± 19.5 h) versus IDEA-033 plus placebo (mean 81.4 ± 22.9 h; P = 0.5964) or TDT 064 plus placebo (mean 78.9 ± 22.8 h; P = 0.0262). In conclusion, ultradeformable phospholipid vesicles ± ketoprofen did not retard recovery from muscle soreness. TDT 064 improves osteoarthritis-related pain and could be of interest as a treatment for joint pain during and post-exercise.

[The Tabulae anatomicae (1794-1803) of Justus Christian Loder: anatomical illustration between science, art and commerce]. / Justus Christian Loders Tabulae anatomicae (1794-1803): Anatomische Illustrationen zwischen wissenschaftlichem, künstlerischem und merkantilem Anspruch.

With the publication of his Tabulae anatomicae in 1803, the Jena anatomist Justus Christian Loder (1753-1832) fulfilled the desideratum of a complete collection of anatomical illustrations of the entire human body. His "Tables" were one of the largest and most ambitious anatomical atlases in the German-speaking countries around 1800. The work reflects Loder's scientific concepts, the quality of his artists and the economic conditions of his publisher. Intended for a wide use in academic instruction, Loder's Tabulae popularised a style of illustration that focused on anatomical facts as basic statements and avoided artistic additions or culturally normative symbolism. Loder opposed theoretical transcendence and standardisation in the representation of human anatomy.