Accessory fold of skin on the ventral surface of the penis: Is it a redundant prepuce?

Variations in the skin of the prepuce are very rare. We report here a variation of the penile skin as observed in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 65 years. The penis was covered by thin nonhairy skin. The glans was not covered with prepuce. There was no evidence of circumcision. The ventral surface of the penis, adjacent to the glans, had a huge fold of skin. This fold resembled the prepuce and had a hole in it. The glans penis had a normal urethral meatus. There was no evidence of hypospadias as the entire ventral surface of the penis was covered completely by the skin. We discuss the clinical importance of this accessory fold of skin.

Descendens vagohypoglossi: rare variant of the superior root of ansa cervicalis.

Knowledge of variants in the formation and position of the ansa cervicalis is important in head and neck surgery, specifically in reconstructions of the tongue that use the infrahyoid muscles, and in the anastomosis of the ansa cervicalis to the recurrent laryngeal nerve when the laryngeal muscles have been paralysed. We describe a rare variant of the superior root of the ansa cervicalis, which had a contribution from the vagus and hypoglossal nerves. The inferior root was formed by the C2 and C3 ventral rami, but it passed medial to the internal jugular vein before it joined the superior root to form the loop.

Accessory Lobe of Liver Associated with a "Bean Shaped" Gall Bladder.

Occurrence of accessory lobes of liver and anomalies of gall bladder is quite common. A thorough knowledge of their variation can minimise diagnostic and surgical errors. We found concurrent variations of liver and gall bladder. A small accessory liver lobe was attached to the quadrate lobe through a stalk formed by peritoneum. The gall bladder was "bean shaped" due to the presence of a constriction in the middle of its body. Since the accessory lobe was quite close to gall bladder, it could compress the gall bladder and hinder normal functioning of it. The knowledge of these variations might be of importance to radiologists and surgeons dealing with the hepatobiliary system.