Entropy production with the flow of nanomaterials through the permeable stretched surface with heterogeneous-homogenous chemical reaction.

In various thermodynamic procedures and the optimisation of thermal manipulation, nanofluids flowing through porous media represent an emerging perspective. The main objective of this study, from the perspective of thermal applications, was the investigation of the flow of nanofluid over a horizontal stretched surface embedded in a porous medium. The effects of the chemical reactions on the surface, magnetic field, and thermal radiations were invoked in the mathematical formulation. The non-Darcy model examines the fluid flow in the porous media. The principles of thermodynamics were employed to integrate entropy optimisation methods with the established theoretical approach to analyse the thermal behaviour of nanomaterials in the chemical reactive diffusion processes. Using the Tiwari-Das nanofluid model, the volume fraction of the nanomaterials was merged in the mathematical equation for the flow model. Water was taken as a base fluid and nanoparticles composed of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silver (Ag) were used. The significance of radiation, heat production, and ohmic heating were included in the energy equation. Furthermore, an innovative mathematical model for the diffusion of the autocatalytic reactive species in the boundary layer flow was developed for a linear horizontally stretched surface embedded in a homogeneous non-Darcy porous medium saturated with the nanofluid. The computer-based built-in bvp5c method was used to compute numerically these equations for varied parameters. It is clear that the magnetic parameter has a reversal influence on the entropy rate and velocity. Temperature and velocity are affected in the opposite direction from a higher volume fraction estimate. Thermal field and entropy were increased when the radiation action intensified. The inclusion of nanoparticle fraction by the volume fraction of nanoparticles and Brinkman number also enhances the system entropy. Entropy production can be minimized with the involvement of the porosity factor within the surface.

Computational investigation of magnetized hybrid nanofluids heat transport and flow through elongational surface with thermal radiation and wall slip.

The improved thermal performance of recently discovered hybridized nanofluids has become essential in large scale thermal processes. In fact, this is highly efficient technique to introduce the thermal efficiency of tranditional heat transferring fluids. The behavior of the nanofluid can be significantly impacted by the unsteady heating and magnetic field effects that may be present in many applications. Therefore, the current study investigat the unsteady magnetized flow of hybrid nanofluid with heat transport characteristics subject to thermal radiation and slip at the surface wall. The shrinking/stretching surface is chosen as a flow source, which is frequently occure in polymer technology, which deals with the deformability of elastic sheets, and in metallurgy, where continued strips are cooled. The novel form of shrinking surface flow is fundamentally a reverse flow and exhibits physical characteristics that differ significantly from the channel flow scenario. The distinctive features of this scruinity is the use of empirical relations to approximate the optimum thermophysical attributes of a Cu-Al2O3/ water hybrid nanofluid in order to model the 2-dimensional flow past a flat shrinking/stretching sheet under the action of radiation, Lorentz forces and realastic boundary condition responses. The governing system of modelled equation are assembled using the Tiwari-Das model in conjunction with a hybrid mass-based nanofluid model. The bvp4c algorithm is employed within the computer MATLAB programme. The hybrid nanofluid flow shows conclusive improvement in the frictional coefficient and heat transport performance. However, the effectiveness the unsteadiness parameter deteriorates the heat transmission. In the contiguity of a suction parameter, multiple outcomes appear to arise for both stretched and shrinking instances. The coefficient of energy transport improves as the magnetic factor is augmented, however the skin coefficient of friction exhibits dual behavior for the second solutions. A time-dependence investigation is undertaken to figure out the reliability of the twin solutions, and it is discovered that merely one of them remains stable and aesthetically credible.

Onset about isothermal flow of Carreau liquid over converging channel with Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes.

In this paper, an innovative mathematical approach is adopted to construct new formulation for exploring thermal characteristics in Jeffery Hamel flow between non-parallel convergent-divergent channels using non-Fourier's law. Due to the occurrence of isothermal flow of non-Newtonian fluids through non-uniform surfaces in many industrial and technological processes, such as film condensation, plastic sheet deformation, crystallization, cooling of metallic sheets, design of nozzles devices, supersonic and various heat exchangers, and glass and polymer industries, the current research is focused on this topic. To modulate this flow, the flow stream is subjected in a non-uniform channel. By incorporating relaxations in Fourier's law, thermal and concentration flux intensities are examined. In the process of mathematically simulating the flow problem, we constructed a set of governing partial differential equations that were embedded with a variety of various parameters. These equations are simplified into order differential equations using the vogue variable conversion approach. By selecting the default tolerance, the MATLAB solver bvp4c completes the numerical simulation. The temperature and concentration profiles were determined to be affected in opposing ways by thermal and concentration relaxations, while thermophoresis improved both fluxes. Inertial forces in a convergent channel accelerate the fluid in a convergent channel, while in the divergent channel the stream is shrink. The temperature distribution of Fourier's law is stronger than that of the non-Fourier's heat flux model. The study has real-world significance in the food business and is pertinent to energy systems, biomedical technology, and contemporary aircraft systems.

Investigation of Entropy Production with Thermal Analysis under Soret and Dufour Effects in MHD Flow between Convergent and Divergent Channels.

Hydromagnetic flow and heat transport have sustainable importance in conventional system design along with high-performance thermal equipment and geothermal energy structures. The current computational study investigates the energy transport and entropy production due to the pressure-driven flow of non-Newtonian fluid filled inside the wedge-shaped channel. The nonlinear radiation flux and uniform magnetic field are incorporated into the flow analysis. To be more precise, non-Newtonian fluid initiates from an inlet with the bound of the parabolic profile and leaves at outlet of a convergent/divergent channel. We assume that the channel flow is adiabatic and influenced by the wall friction. The leading flow equations are modeled via the Carreau fluid model using fundamental conservation laws. The thermodynamical aspect of the system is visualized using a two-phase model and analyses of the entropy equation due to fluid friction, ohmic heating, and diffusion of heat and mass fluxes. The modeled system of equations is normalized using a dimensionless variable mechanism. The system was elevated for the significant variation of controlling parameters. The outcomes obtained from the computational investigation are validated with the theoretical results that are available in the literature. An increasing semivertex angle and Reynolds number increase the converging channel flow. In the core flow zone, an increase in the divergent semiangle causes the flow to decelerate, while near and at the channel wall it causes a slight acceleration. Outcomes designate that the main contribution to the irreversibility is due to ohmic loss, frictional loss, and heat loss. The thermal performance and entropy production is dominant for a diverging flow. The outcomes of this research will assist in comprehending the process of entropy minimization in conjunction with the flow of nanomaterials in a nonuniform channel, which is essential in engineering processes such as the creation of micro machines, supersonic Jets, nozzles, and clean energy.

Comparison Of Accelerated Vs Standard Ponseti Technique Among Children's Having Congenital Talipes Equinovarus.

Background: The resurgence and long duration of treatment of the Ponseti method in recent years has been punctuated by less than favourable long-term outcomes for surgically treated feet. Objectives of the study were to compare the two treatment techniques accelerated vs standard Ponseti technique among children's having Congenital Talipes Equinovarus. Methods: This was two years randomized control trial study carried out among total 104 idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus patients in Orthopaedics and Spine Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. A convenient sampling technique was used in this study. Informed written consent was taken from each respondent. Patients in group A was subjected to accelerated ponseti technique and patients in group B was subjected to standard ponseti technique. At one month after treatment, all the patients were re assessed on the basis of pirani score. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: This study included a total 104 clinically diagnosed Congenital Talipes Equinovarus patients with mean age 5.5±2.1 months and 52 in each treatment group. Out of total 104 patients 68 (65.4%) were male and 36 (34.6%) were female. They're found significant difference in the mean ponseti scores of these two-group p=0.042 provided comparatively low mean pirani score in accelerated ponseti group. All female child in accelerated ponsati group was responded to the treatment with 100% effectiveness rate. The difference of effectiveness of treatment was significant p=0.015 for children age range 4-8 months divided in two treatment group with good effectiveness 80.8% in accelerated ponseti group. Conclusion: Accelerated ponseti technique is more effective than standard ponseti technique for Congenital Talipes Equinovarus.

Entropy Minimization for Generalized Newtonian Fluid Flow between Converging and Diverging Channels.

The foremost focus of this article was to investigate the entropy generation in hydromagnetic flow of generalized Newtonian Carreau nanofluid through a converging and diverging channel. In addition, a heat transport analysis was performed for Carreau nanofluid using the Buongiorno model in the presence of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. The second law of thermodynamics was employed to model the governing flow transport along with entropy generation arising within the system. Entropy optimization analysis is accentuated as its minimization is the best measure to enhance the efficiency of thermal systems. This irreversibility computation and optimization were carried out in the dimensional form to obtain a better picture of the system's entropy generation. With the help of proper dimensionless transformations, the modeled flow equations were converted into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The numerical solutions were derived using an efficient numerical method, the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method in conjunction with the shooting technique. The computed results were presented graphically through different profiles of velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy production, and Bejan number. From the acquired results, we perceive that entropy generation is augmented with higher Brinkman and Reynolds numbers. It is significant to mention that the system's entropy production grew near its two walls, where the irreversibility of heat transfer predominates, in contrast to the channel's center, where the irreversibility of frictional force predominates. These results serve as a valuable guide for designing and optimizing channels with diverging-converging profiles required in several heat-transfer applications.