Control of metabolic energy by space systems. Part 1: theoretical reports of space flow structure and function.

In past papers, a notion emerged that space had elements common to the energy of atomic shells to which it could flow by paths to control metabolic energy of animate systems. This paper examines several authors on the structure and function of space energy wave bundle flows seeking mechanisms for metabolic control. The application of time to these waves provides two compartments, time symmetric and time asymmetric, respectively imaginary and real, in a sensitively balanced state as part of a specific system from space to orbits. Disturbance to the balance, where minimal, results in a reflection outside the system to the heat bath consistent with physiology. Arbitrarily more than minimal, results in pathology. A black-hole-like monitor maintains the balance in alliance with a multi-system space stream, the meridian of traditional Chinese medicine. This macroscopic state is now consistent with manipulation using conventional electronics, by way of remedy.

Control of metabolic energy by space systems. Part 2: possible distribution at metabolic cycle chemicals.

Assimilation of many concepts and observations on an energy force providing a control over metabolic chemical interaction with a force in space itself is possible. The force is assumed to integrate with the atomic orbits of the metabolic chemicals, leaving its path from space as a fluctuation for realisation of two components, a non-linear space-rich part and a linear space-poor part. The pair are associated by a balance leading to non-linear behaviour imposed upon an otherwise linear output of the orbital energy and the actual control is vested in the balance. Examples are cited for the integration of the fluctuation during protein and nucleoprotein function and for cyto-structural mechanisms which may allow a selection of space elements to provide for evolution of unique family elements for enhanced control, much as the optical physicists have selected squeezed light elements for refined quantal function. Methods for rational therapies emerge from these refinements.

Attempts to identify a control system for chemical reactivity in the living state using virtual energy.

This thesis explores the activation of chemicals in metabolic systems from the viewpoint that this activation is under the control of elements of the space-sea in which the chemicals are immersed. Themselves inert, the chemicals are theorised to exploit a force or action issuing from space (fluctuation) and characterized by the homogeneity (termed symmetry) of this medium. The fluctuation is heterogenized upon collision with matter from the intervention of well recognized fields of gravity and electromagnetism at the instant of its issue to form the near field of radiation. Fractions of original space waves and of their intrinsic spin are produced resulting in the activation of the orbitals (valency) in the chemical itself. The thesis continues: the disturbed fluctuation must return to space, obliging in turn, a prior return to the homogeneous state requiring special restorative wave rearrangements known as resonance. The success of the restorative resonance is signalled by a singularity of the fluctuation now propelled to infinity (space), and the contingent chemical reactions thereby terminated. Compromise to this return can occur from many causes and, in its presence, activation of the orbitals continues. They now effectively constitute autonomous reactions alienated from the system as a whole. The thesis is supported from evidence from diverse fields such as space theory, history of quantum field theory in attempts to derive its meaning, dielectrics and the near field of electromagnetic radiation, electron-space interactions at the Fermi surface during phase transitions and evolution of equilibrium conditions in resonance phenomena. The utility of the hypothesis rests on recognition of the resonance condition at various points in the system sufficiently macroscopic as to be available clinically as an abrupt interface between physiology and pathology.

A control system for chemical reactivity in the living state: supportive evidence from laboratory studies.

This paper supports a thesis on control of chemical systems occurring in metabolism which makes extensive use of energy forms with an indirect or vicarious route to their targets in the chemicals concerned. In the recent decade or so, quantum chemists in studying the same problem, control of chemical reactions by indirect routes, not necessarily with a specific bio-function goal, have produced almost identical protocols known as quantum sculpting of the chemical wave function in their laboratory experiments. Parallels and modulations of the two approaches, native and man-made, are discussed in this paper with the aim of supporting the hypothesis at a level displaying high rationale for an intransigent aspect of physical chemistry of eventual clinical implication, that of control of complex chemical systems.

Evaluation of control measures for black carpenter ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Current control methods for the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer), include the use of remedial and preventative residual sprays as well as toxic baits. We evaluated the acceptance of three baits (Maxforce, Niban, and Baygon) to field colonies of the black carpenter ant in the spring and fall. Maxforce bait granules were more readily accepted than either Niban or Baygon bait granules in the spring. A change in food preference from protein to sugar by the black carpenter ant appeared to reduce the number of Maxforce bait granules removed in the fall, resulting in no differences in bait acceptability. The longevity of Dursban 50W and Tempo 20WP were evaluated in the summer and fall on painted wood panels. Panels aged outside for 15 d under prevailing weather conditions exhibited increased LT50 values. For each sampling period, panels aged on the south face (in the sun) exhibited less insecticidal activity (i.e., large LT50 values) than panels on the north face (shaded; small LT50 values). At each sampling period, Tempo 20WP provided smaller LT50 values than Dursban 50W. Because of changing dietary preferences, our data highlight the importance of using various bait types for carpenter ant control. Moreover, the application of residual spays should be made to locations protected from direct sunlight.

Evidence for an enhanced flow of virtual energy in the progression from inanimate matter and its role in behaviour proper to the animate state.

There are reasons for cleaving a virtual or phase space component from electromagnetic radiation and for reposing in this component properties of specific value for the functioning biosystem. Putative mechanisms are derived by which a stream or streams of virtual energy dissipates biomatter, providing global control of component chemical reactions. Characteristics include a variety of wavelengths whose interactions can change rapidly producing a collapse-restoration cycle of values, an exquisite sensitivity to external fields of magnetic, gravity and heat origin plus a property for electron transport from lesser to more dense streams. Disturbances in the virtual control stream over chemical events become available as resonances to macroscopic measuring tools including those of clinical use.

Further appreciation of a control system for chemical reactions residing in virtual energy flows through the bio-system.

The argument has been advanced in previous papers that the radiative field of classical electromagnetics is a special case of envelopment of space itself (termed here 'non-reap' or 'imaginary energy') by waves of this field according to the formalism of Clark Maxwell (termed here 'real energy') and that, in its non-enveloped state, the virtual field is of special significance for the functioning bio-system. This paper summarizes evidence from a preceding paper from the areas of physical chemistry and theoretical physics to validate the presence of just such a radiationless, non-enveloped virtual field of space elements dissipating matter of inanimate and animate types. As discussed, the non-enveloped field is subject to envelopment by magnetic fields and by the heat part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is reasoned that the envelopment process itself is concerned with a thrust-delivering atomic and molecular movement so familiar in bio-system function. The virtual stream develops from the polyatom and polymer state so that wavelengths of its components are greater than those wavelengths associated with individual atoms or molecules. The division between the two wavelength types is set for purposes of this quasi-mechanical approach to space elements at the heat part of the spectrum. Properties of control and stability over atomic and molecular systems derive from this wavelength advantage. Irrespective of wavelength, the virtual system is operative free of heat and of the magnetic field. In the presence of appropriate threshold values, these enveloping agents then manifest an arrangement of space elements in real energy or radiative terms. Events during these transitions confer important physical properties on all matter but they are more highly developed and the control they exercise more subtle in animate matter.

Insecticide susceptibility of cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) pupae.

Studies were conducted to investigate what protective nature the cocoon and nylon carpeting has against the performance of insecticides directed at cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), pupae developing in carpet. The following 5 combinations of life stages and substrates were used in these tests were: (1) larvae that pupated in carpet, (2) cocoons placed in carpet, (3) naked pupae placed in carpet, (4) cocoons placed on filter paper, and (5) naked pupae placed on filter paper. These studies evaluated the performance of chlorpyrifos, microencapsulated chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, permethrin, and linalool. When averaged over all insecticides, the mean controls of cocooned pupae placed in carpet and cocooned pupae placed on filter paper were 37.2 and 26.7%, respectively, whereas that of naked pupae placed in carpet was only 13.7%. Additional tests conducted using chlorpyrifos revealed that mortality was 23 and 42% higher, respectively, whenever pupae in cocoons and naked pupae were treated in glass dishes without filter paper. These studies demonstrate that the debri-coated cocoon is not a barrier to insecticide penetration, and that pupae appeared to be protected inside the carpet matrix. Additional studies demonstrated that control of pupae developing in carpet was maximized at lower application pressures. The mean control of pupae with chlorpyrifos at 0.7 kg/cm2 pressure was 77.2%, yet applications at 1.7 kg/cm2 resulted in only 23.3% control.

An intangible energy in the functioning biosystem. I: A search for its fate and a proposed method of delivery.

This paper treats evidence for an increasing recognition of a force with intangible properties in biosystems with special reference to its ability to transport electrons at near 0 degree Kelvin. It is implied that such force, whose demonstration at these temperatures is an experimental contrivance to emphasise its strictly quantal status, can be operative at room temperature. A discussion is entered as to a mode for delivery of intangible energy from demonstrable non-local origins, locally to the cell to provide for structure and function. Extensive use is made of theory of the structure of the photon from de Broglie and others to accommodate a co-existence of real (electromagnetic) and quantal (intangible) fields within the photon and to discuss how such co-existence may have been copied or otherwise made manifest in a macroscopic structure such as the cell. Cell function is then viewed as concurrent real and intangible effects following stimuli derived from perturbation of the real or electromagnetic component.

An intangible energy in the functioning biosystem. II: Useful parallels with circuit theory and with non-linear optics.

The argument is developed that a structure and function already exists in selected inanimate systems for an intangible energy dissipating these systems and that, in so doing, this energy exhibits certain properties, readily recognised in the functioning biosystem. The central thesis is that, during dissipation, the structure of the biosystem affords opportunity for an enhanced display of these properties, so that this structure can be rationally recognised as obligatory in the transition, inanimate to animate matter. The systems chosen are those of reactance in linear circuit theory of electronics, and some recent developments in non-linear optics, both of which rely on imaginary or quantal force to display observable effects. Discussion occurs on the fashion which the development of a statistical formalism as a basis for the study of squeezed states of light in these non-linear systems, has, at the same time, overcome a long standing veto on the practical use of quantal energy associated with the Uncertainty Principle of Heisenberg. These ideas are used to vindicate the suggestion that a theoretical basis is presently available for an engineering type approach, toward an intangible force as it exists in the biosystem. The origins and properties of such a force continue to be considered by many as immersed in mysticism.

Hydroprene effects on the dynamics of laboratory populations of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

The influence of sterilization by hydroprene on population dynamics in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was studied in the laboratory where more detailed and accurate assessments could be achieved than would be possible under typical field situations. The gradual accumulation of sterile adultoids (i.e., adults with twisted wings, indicating exposure to hydroprene) during treatment, or their decreasing abundance after treatment, produced distinctive patterns in the dynamics of treated populations. The percentage of gravid females (a reproductive index) was first to respond to treatments, because increases (or decreases) in the percentage of gravid females preceded reductions (or recoveries) in sample density and nymph-to-adult ratios by 4-6 wk. Trends in the percentage of adultoids were negatively correlated with the percentage of gravid females and indirectly measure the activity of hydroprene. Initial reductions in the percentage of gravid females, sample density, and nymph-to-adult ratios began at or about the time when approximately 80% of adults had twisted wings (i.e., were adultoids). As the percentage of adultoids attained (or declined below) the 80% level, we can accurately predict the subsequent decline (or recovery) in nymph-to-adult ratios and, thus, sample density. These data support a proposal to adopt the 80% level of adultoids as an action threshold for regulating juvenoid treatments to maximize population suppression. The role of this action threshold in the long-term management of chronic B. germanica infestations or insecticide resistant populations is discussed.

Copper deficiency shifts energy substrate utilization from carbohydrate to fat and reduces fat mass in rats.

The influence of copper deficiency on energy metabolism and body composition was examined in rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two dietary treatments: copper-adequate (102.2 mumol/kg) and copper-deficient (9.0 mumol/kg). After 4 wk of treatment, rats were individually housed in metabolic cages within indirect calorimetry units for measurements of respiratory quotient to determine substrate utilization. Body composition was measured by total body electrical conductivity. Net energetic efficiency and fasting heat production were determined from regression analysis of metabolizable energy intake and energy retention (metabolizable energy intake-heat production). Rats were given free access to their respective diets for almost the entire study but were restricted to 70% of normal energy intake for 2 d to provide a range of energy intake required for the regression analysis. Energetic evaluations were determined for 12 d at normal intake and 2 d at a modest restriction (30%). Copper deficiency reduced the respiratory quotient values (0.85 to 0.80), carbohydrate utilization (7.9 to 5.2 g/d), energy retention [8.4 to -66.9 kJ/kg0.75.d)] and energy efficiency (97.8 to 87.7%). However, daily metabolizable energy intake and absolute fasting heat production were not altered. Reductions in final body weights (289 to 263 g), absolute fat mass (65.7 to 51.5 g) and proportion of body fat (22.7 to 19.6 g/100 g) were observed in copper-deficient rats compared with controls when all indirect calorimetry measurements were completed after 7 wk of treatment. Thus, copper deficiency increased utilization of fat as substrate for energy and reduced body fat mass in rats.

An electronic approach to the detection of pre-cancer and cancer of the uterine cervix: a preliminary evaluation of Polarprobe.

We report on the testing of a prototype of an electronic device for the detection of cervix cancer and its precursors, known as the Polarprobe. The device monitors three aspects of the cervix tissue; two relate to optical properties and the other to dielectric characteristics. The response to tissue stimulation takes the form of an energy pattern which, in conjunction with spectroscopic discriminants, can be digitized to prepare an algorithm. The pattern algorithms are sufficiently characteristic to be afforded names which correspond to tissue states recognizable as normal or abnormal by the clinician. On a tissue observation basis the previously established recognition algorithms derived from 106 volunteers produced assessments which related strongly to colposcopy/histology diagnoses obtained on 77 additional volunteers. This concordance between colposcopy/histology and Polarprobe diagnoses on this primary analysis subgroup ranged from 85% on low-grade intraepithelial abnormalities, and 90% on high-grade cervical intraepithelial squamous neoplasia, to 99% on invasive cancer. An extrapolation of these results suggests false-positive/false-negative rates in the order of 10% are achievable with the current Polarprobe device.

Oral toxicity, formulation effects, and field performance of flufenoxuron against the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

Laboratory and field studies on the benzoylphenyl urea (BPU) chitin synthetase inhibitor flufenoxuron (DPX EY-059) showed great potential for its use in suppressing infestations of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). When fed continuously to fifth (last) instars, the LC50 of flufenoxuron was estimated at 0.82 ppm (95% FL, 0.76-0.87 ppm). A rating scale specific for BPU effects was developed and shown to be positively correlated with the insect's exposure to concentration of flufenoxuron. Manipulating the particle size of wettable powder formulations of flufenoxuron significantly altered their activity in contact bioassays. Larger particles (volume mean diameter, 12.2 mu; range, 10-20 mu) were more active. Field trials in multifamily housing with this wettable powder formulation at 0.033 and 0.066% (AI) achieved high level (greater than 80%) population suppression within 8 wk of treatment. The potential for the use of flufenoxuron in B. germanica management programs is discussed.

The utilization of calcium soaps from animal fat by laying hens.

Ground wheat was employed as a carrier to evaluate the utilization by laying hens of animal fat, calcium soaps of fatty acids from animal fat (CS), and animal fat in the presence of 3.8% added calcium. Birds trained to consume their daily feed in two 1-h periods were fed ground wheat with 0, 3, 6, and 9% animal fat, CS, or 10% ground limestone and animal fat to provide 11 experimental diets. Animal fat and preformed CS were highly available to laying hens with total fatty acid availabilities of 100.2 +/- 1.2 (SE) and 99.2 +/- 3.6%, respectively, estimated by the regression of added fat on determined fat retentions. However, 3.8% calcium reduced animal-fat fatty acid availability to 86.3 +/- .7%. The true metabolizable energy of animal fat, as determined by regression from bomb-calorimetry data, was 9.63 +/- .58 kcal per g; a value of 9.36 kcal per g was obtained from fat-retention data [100.2% of the gross energy (GE) of 9.34 +/- .78 kcal per g]. With added limestone, the respective TME values were 9.36 +/- 1.30 kcal per g (regression) and 8.06 kcal per g (retention). The TME of the CS fatty acids was 7.20 +/- 1.05 kcal per g, estimated by regression; and the value calculated from CS fat retentions was 8.14 kcal per g, representing 99.2% of the GE (8.20 +/- .58 kcal per g). Discrepancies between calorimetric and fat-retention TME estimates represented animal-fat effects on wheat starch, fat, and amino-acid retentions.

Influence of fenoxycarb on German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) populations in public housing.

In a study examining three application rates for fenoxycarb, new interpretations of population age structure in relation to sterility levels and population reductions were used to establish important concepts in the management of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), with juvenoids. No significant differences in population reductions were noted when 0.5%, 0.25%, or 0.125% fenoxycarb was used to supplement propetamphos. However, significant differences in levels of induced sterility and in the age structure (measured as nymph-to-adult ratios) of treated populations were detected. The 0.125% rate caused lower, less consistent levels of sterility than the two higher rates, which maintained approximately 80% sterility from 4.5 mo and beyond. In addition, the 0.125% rate did not significantly reduce nymph-to-adult ratios in treated populations relative to that caused by the propetamphos alone (positive control). The two higher rates significantly reduced nymph-to-adult ratios, thereby lowering biotic potential and the capacity of a population to rebound from suppression. A relationship between the level of sterility induced by juvenoids and reductions in nymph-to-adult ratios permitted formulation of a biological action threshold for regulating treatment. This action threshold appears to be more meaningful than time intervals for scheduling retreatments in the long-term management of German cockroaches with juvenoids.

Topical and oral toxicity of sulfluramid, a delayed-action insecticide, against the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

The LD50 of sulfluramid topically applied to 2-d-old, fifth instars of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was estimated at 14.5 micrograms/g (95% FL = 13.7-15.4 micrograms/g). Sulfluramid was significantly more toxic than topically applied hydramethylnon (LD50 = 29.2 [19.0-46.5] micrograms/g). Sulfluramid had delayed toxicity but caused mortality significantly faster than hydramethylnon after topical application. The oral LD50 against newly enclosed, fifth instars was estimated to be 4.1 (3.9-4.4) micrograms/g; this toxicity was significantly greater than when sulfluramid was topically applied. Mortality caused by sulfluramid occurred significantly more slowly in the dietary exposures than in the topical applications. Sulfluramid at 1,000 ppm in diets was not a feeding deterrent to nymphal B. germanica.

On the nature of growth and new growth based on experiments designed to reveal a structure and function for laboratory space. Part III. Vorticeal behaviour. Dielectrics and matter responsiveness to fields. The primacy of pressure.

This final paper in a series of three continues the discussion on experiments reported in the first which suggested a structure and function for laboratory space. The discussion is grouped under three heads. First a continuation of the discussion of vorticeal properties emphasises the ubiquity of non-observable vorticeal streets (filaments) at site of growth be this biological or hydrodynamic. Vorticeal patterns in pairs of streets can lead to stable or unstable behaviour. Stability of the pattern may underlie that filament subtending new growth in contrast to the instability leading to differentiation in growth manifest from unstable filaments. Rational treatment of the former would suggest exhibition of instability and this may underlie regimes as disparate as Lakhovsky's non-linear oscillators, Coley's bacterial digests and interferon used for cancer therapy. Secondly, study of dielectric properties of biomatter could be used to support the generalisation reached from vorticeal behaviour that the most ordered matter (high permittivity) is associated with growth and embryonic properties and the least ordered with differentiation and maturity. Finally those experiments are referred which showed a concurrence of atmospheric pressure and electrical effects at the remote site during action at a distance. Reasons making use of quantum field theory tenets are advanced for viewing pressure as a primary and the electrical effects as a secondary response to pressure in the non observable world.

On the nature of growth and new growth based on experiments designed to reveal a structure and function for laboratory space. Part I. A synopsis of experimental results and discussion (thermodynamics aspects, transmission of cell radiations, the role of oxygen).

Experiments were designed to investigate the contribution of space existing outside the immediate range of chemical reactions of crystal growth and biological phenomena with special reference to growth. Results have been interpreted on the basis that space has both structure and function. Properties derived from the interpretation include action at a distance, memory and the ability to sustain matter in steady states which inter alia constitute patterns of growth. A throughflow (or dissipation) of space was shown necessary to sustain the pattern. Patterns so formed in biomatter can reproduce themselves as virtual images which can be rescued as real images which exhibit a remarkable fidelity of copy. The discussion enters contributions to the prime idea that space has structure and function by recource to modern ideas on non-linear thermodynamics, radiations between cells, quantum field theory and vortex theory, only the first two of which are treated in this paper.

On the nature of growth and new growth based on experiments designed to reveal a structure and function for laboratory space. Part II. An approach to the structure of space through quantum field theory with examples of possible biological relevance.

A previous paper in this series described experiments and observations which could have been produced by properties derived from the quality of laboratory space. In particular, action at a distance was of commonplace occurrence. It was argued that support for this idea was forthcoming from two recent developments in physics, that of non-linear thermodynamics and that of quantum mechanics followed by quantum electrodynamics. The first permitted the concept of a formative or structuring role for energy permeating matter the second the concept of a structure and function for space. One of these functions was to provide for the creation of subatomic particles and thus of matter. This creativity is achieved from an origin in a non-observable world where the equations have no terms for distance or time. The demonstration of the insignificance of distance in the experiments reported using both crystal and biological growth was used to infer that events in this growth process were similarly preceeded by events in the non-observable world. The implications of such an origin for growth and new growth are discussed.