Comparison of brown adipose tissue activation detected by infrared thermography in men with vs without metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) high density of mitochondria and its thermogenic characteristics promote the dissipation of chemical energy in the form of heat, increasing body caloric expenditure, decreasing plasma levels of lipids and glucose (GL). This makes BAT a potential therapeutic target of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Position Emission Tomography Scanning (PET-CT) is the gold standard for estimating BAT, but it has several limitations, including high cost and high emission of radiation. On the other hand, Infrared Thermography (IRT) is considered a simpler, cheaper and non-invasive method to detect BAT. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare BAT activation through IRT and cold stimulation in men diagnosed without and with MetS. METHODS: Sample of 124 (35.3 ± 9.4 years old) men was evaluated of body composition, anthropometric measurements and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hemodynamics, biochemical tests and body skin temperature acquisition. The Student t-test with subsequent effect size by (d) Cohen and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc comparisons were conducted. Level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: There was significant interaction between group factor (MetS) vs group moment (BAT activation) in supraclavicular skin temperatures right side (maximum (F(1,122) = 10.4, p < 0.002, η2 = 0.062), mean (F(1.122) = 13.0, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.081) and minimal (F(1,122) = 7.9, p < 0.006, η2 = 0.052)) and left side maximum (F(1,122) = 7.7, p < 0.006, η2 = 0.048), mean (F(1.122) = 13.0, p < 0.037, η2 = 0.007) and minimal (F(1,122) = 9.8, p < 0.002, η2 = 0.012)). The MetS risk factor group didn't present significant increase of SCV temperature BAT after cold stimulation. CONCLUSION: Men diagnosed with MetS risk factors seem to activate less BAT, when exposed to cold stimulation, compared to group without MetS risk factor.

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the association with socioeconomic variables in adolescents from low-income region / Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la asociación con las variables socioeconómicas en los adolescentes en región de baja renta

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of obesity, overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure in a sample of adolescents from a low-income city in Brazil and to estimate the relationship with the socioeconomic status of the family, the education level of the family provider and the type of school. Methods: This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 1,014 adolescents (54.8% girls), between 14-19 years of age, attending high school from Imperatriz (MA). The outcomes of this study were: obesity and overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure (systolic and/ or diastolic). The independent variables were: socioeconomic status (SES) of the family, education level of the family provider (ELFP) and type of school. The confounding variables were: gender, age and physical activity level. Prevalence was estimated, and the association between the endpoints and the independent variables was analyzed using a prevalence ratio (PR), with a 95% confidence interval, estimated by Poisson regression. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 3.8%, overweight, 13.1%, abdominal obesity, 22.7% and high blood pressure, 21.3%. The adjusted analysis indicated that girls with high SES showed an increased likelihood to be overweight (PR=1.71 [95% IC: 1.13-2.87]), while private school boys had an increased likelihood of obesity (PR=1.79 [95% CI: 1.04-3.08]) and abdominal obesity (PR =1.64 [95% CI: 1.06-2.54]). Conclusion: The prevalence of CVDR is high in adolescents from this low-income region. Boys from private schools are more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity, and girls with high SES are more likely to be overweight (AU)

Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal y hipertensión arterial en una muestra de adolescentes pertenecientes a una ciudad de baja renta en Brasil y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico, nivel educativo de lo responsable de la familia y tipo de escuela. Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 1014 adolescentes (54,8% chicas), con edades entre 14-19 años, estudiantes de las escuelas de la ciudad de Imperatriz (Brasil), seleccionadas por un muestreo aleatorio. Las variables dependientes evaluadas son: obesidad general y sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal, y tensión arterial alta (sistólica y/o diastólica). Las variables independientes son: nivel socioeconómico de la familia (NSO), el nivel de educación de lo responsable de la familia (NERF) y tipo de escuela. Las variables de confusión son: sexo, edad y nivel de actividad física. La prevalencia fue estimada, y la asociación entre las variables dependientes y las variables independientes se analizaron mediante razón de prevalencia (RP), con intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%, estimado por la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La prevalencia de la obesidad general fue de 3,8%, sobrepeso 13,1%, obesidad abdominal 22,7% y la tesión arterial alta 21,3%. Las análisis ajustadas indicaron que las chicas con NSO alto tienen mayor probabilidad de tener sobrepeso (RP=1,71 [IC95%: 1,13 a 2,87]), y chicos de las escuelas privadas tienen más probabilidad de tener obesidad (RP=1,79 [IC95%: 1.04- 3,08]) y obesidad abdominal (RP=1,64 [IC95%: 1,06 a 2,54]). Conclusión: La prevalencia de los FRC es alta en adolescentes de una región de baja renta. Los chicos de las escuelas privadas son más propensos a tener obesidad y obesidad abdominal, y las chicas con NSO alto son más propensas a tener sobrepeso (AU)

Effects of resistance training on binge eating, body composition and blood variables in type II diabetics / Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a compulsão alimentar, composição corporal e variáveis sanguíneas em diabéticos tipo II

This study examined the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on binge eating, body composition and blood variables and their correlations in 34 sedentary adults with type II diabetes. The participants aged 58.94 ± 10.66, had body weight of 71.62 ± 11.85 and BMI of 29.64 ± 4.27. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serum leptin, glucose, insulin, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride. The binge eating was assessed by the binge eating scale and the body composition by bioelectrical impedance. The training included three weekly sessions for 12 weeks, with three sets from 12 to 15 repetitions for the main muscle groups, and interval from 1 to 2 minutes between the sets. A significant decrease was found for the binge eating, body weight, BMI, fat percentage, and fat weight. As for the blood variables, there was a significant reduction in leptin; non-significant reductions in glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides; as well a significant increase in HDL and non-significant increase in insulin. In conclusion the 12 weeks of RT proved to be enough to decrease the binge eating, to positively adjust the body composition and to modify the blood profile, demonstrating an association at a lower or higher level between these variables.

Este estudo analisou os efeitos de 12 semanas de treinamento resistido (TR) sobre as variáveis de compulsão alimentar, composição corporal e sanguíneas, e suas correlações em diabéticos tipo II. Participaram 34 diabéticos tipo II adultos e sedentários com idade de 58,94 ± 10,66, peso corporal 71,62 ± 11,85 e IMC 29,64 ± 4,27. Coletou-se amostras sanguíneas para análise de leptina, glicose, Insulina, LDL, HDL, Colesterol Total e Triglicerídeo. A compulsão alimentar foi avaliada através da escala de compulsão alimentar periódica e a composição corporal por meio da bioimpedância. O treinamento consistiu três sessões semanais durante 12 semanas, com três séries de 12 a 15 repetições para os grandes grupos musculares, e intervalo de 1 a 2 minutos entre as séries. Verificou-se diminuições significativas na compulsão alimentar; peso corporal; IMC; percentual de gordura; e peso gordo. Nas variáveis sanguíneas houve redução significativa da leptina; reduções não significativas na Glicose; Colesterol Total; Triglicerídeos e LDL; bem como aumento significativo no HDL e aumento não significativo da insulina. Conclui-se que 12 semanas de TR são suficientes para diminuir a compulsão alimentar, adaptar positivamente a composição corporal e modificar o perfil sanguíneo, mostrando uma associação em maior ou menor grau entre essas variáveis.

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the association with socioeconomic variables in adolescents from low-income region.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of obesity, overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure in a sample of adolescents from a low-income city in Brazil and to estimate the relationship with the socioeconomic status of the family, the education level of the family provider and the type of school. METHODS: This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 1,014 adolescents (54.8% girls), between 14-19 years of age, attending high school from Imperatriz (MA). The outcomes of this study were: obesity and overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure (systolic and/ or diastolic). The independent variables were: socioeconomic status (SES) of the family, education level of the family provider (ELFP) and type of school. The confounding variables were: gender, age and physical activity level. Prevalence was estimated, and the association between the endpoints and the independent variables was analyzed using a prevalence ratio (PR), with a 95% confidence interval, estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of obesity was 3.8%, overweight, 13.1%, abdominal obesity, 22.7% and high blood pressure, 21.3%. The adjusted analysis indicated that girls with high SES showed an increased likelihood to be overweight (PR=1.71 [95% IC: 1.13-2.87]), while private school boys had an increased likelihood of obesity (PR=1.79 [95% CI: 1.04-3.08]) and abdominal obesity (PR =1.64 [95% CI: 1.06-2.54]). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CVDR is high in adolescents from this low-income region. Boys from private schools are more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity, and girls with high SES are more likely to be overweight.

Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal y hipertensión arterial en una muestra de adolescentes pertenecientes a una ciudad de baja renta en Brasil y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico, nivel educativo de lo responsable de la familia y tipo de escuela. Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 1014 adolescentes (54,8% chicas), con edades entre 14-19 años, estudiantes de las escuelas de la ciudad de Imperatriz (Brasil), seleccionadas por un muestreo aleatorio. Las variables dependientes evaluadas son: obesidad general y sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal, y tensión arterial alta (sistólica y/o diastólica). Las variables independientes son: nivel socioeconómico de la familia (NSO), el nivel de educación de lo responsable de la familia (NERF) y tipo de escuela. Las variables de confusión son: sexo, edad y nivel de actividad física. La prevalencia fue estimada, y la asociación entre las variables dependientes y las variables independientes se analizaron mediante razón de prevalencia (RP), con intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%, estimado por la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La prevalencia de la obesidad general fue de 3,8%, sobrepeso 13,1%, obesidad abdominal 22,7% y la tesión arterial alta 21,3%. Las análisis ajustadas indicaron que las chicas con NSO alto tienen mayor probabilidad de tener sobrepeso (RP=1,71 [IC95%: 1,13 a 2,87]), y chicos de las escuelas privadas tienen más probabilidad de tener obesidad (RP=1,79 [IC95%: 1.04- 3,08]) y obesidad abdominal (RP=1,64 [IC95%: 1,06 a 2,54]). Conclusión: La prevalencia de los FRC es alta en adolescentes de una región de baja renta. Los chicos de las escuelas privadas son más propensos a tener obesi dad y obesidad abdominal, y las chicas con NSO alto son más propensas a tener sobrepeso.

Influência dos exercícios aeróbio e resistido sobre perfil hemodinâmico e lipídico em idosas hipertensas / Influence of aerobic exercise and resistance training on hemodynamic and lipid profile in hypertensive elderly

O envelhecimento é um processo caracterizado pela diminuição das funções fisiológicas e de todas as capacidades físicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito do exercício aeróbio e resistido sobre parâmetros hemodinâmicos, antropométricos e lipídicos de mulheres idosas hipertensas. Participaram do estudo 25 mulheres no grupo experimental (GE) (74,44 ± 6,3 anos) e 12 mulheres no grupo controle (GC) (75,25 ± 6,8 anos). O GE participou de sessões 60 minutos de exercícios físicos combinados com intensidade moderada que contemplaram alongamentos, exercícios localizados e caminhada, enquanto o GC manteve seus hábitos normais. Ao contrário do GC todas as variáveis analisadas no GE sofreram alterações significativa de (p<0,05) nos três momentos de intervenção, FCrep (85,0 ± 11,4 bpm; 80,1 ± 10,3 bpm; 79,4 ± 9,9 bpm), PAS (157,6 ± 13,9 mmHg; 142,8 ± 10,6 mmHg; 132,8 ± 8,4 mmHg), PAD (92,4 ± 7,2 mmHg; 88,0 ± 5,0 mmHg; 82,0 ± 4,1 mmHg), glicemia (110,2 ± 16,4 ml/dl; 101,3 ± 12,8 ml/dl; 95,3 ± 10,4 ml/dl), triglicerídeos (205,6 ± 37,7 ml/dl; 184,2 ± 32,5 ml/dl; 170,4 ± 29,2 ml/dl), colesterol total (223,2 ± 27,8 ml/dl; 205,3 ± 24,1 ml/dl; 196,4 ± 22,3 ml/dl), HDL (43,1 ± 1,5 ml/dl; 44,3 ± 1,5 ml/dl; 44,8 ± 1,4 ml/dl), VLDL (28,3 ± 3,2 ml/dl; 26,2 ± 2,5 ml/dl; 25,4 ± 2,2 ml/dl), LDL (151,8 ± 26,3 ml/dl; 134,9 ± 23,3 ml/dl; 126,2 ± 21,2 ml/dl). Concluiu-se que os exercícios físicos combinados foram eficientes nas melhorias das variáveis hemodinâmicas, antropométricas e lipídicas em idosas hipertensas.

Aging is a process characterized by decreased function physiological and all physical abilities. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic exercise and resistance training on hemodynamic parameters, anthropometric and lipid in elderly hypertensive women. Participated in this study 25 women in experimental group (GE) (74,44 ± 6,3 years) and 12 women in control group (CG) (75,25 ± 6,8 years). GE participated in physical exercise sessions that included the combined practice of stretching, localized exercises and walking while CG remained normal daily habits. Unlike the CG all variables in the EG had significant changes in three moments of intervention, HRrest (85,0 ± 11,4 bpm; 80,1 ± 10,3 bpm; 79,4 ± 9,9 bpm), SBP (157,6 ± 13,9 mmHg; 142,8 ± 10,6 mmHg; 132,8 ± 8,4 mmHg), DBP (92,4 ± 7,2 mmHg; 88,0 ± 5,0 mmHg; 82,0 ± 4,1 mmHg), glucose (110,2 ± 16,4 ml/dl; 101,3 ± 12,8 ml/dl; 95,3 ± 10,4 ml/dl), triglycerides (205,6 ± 37,7 ml/dl; 184,2 ± 32,5 ml/dl; 170,4 ± 29,2 ml/dl), total cholesterol (223,2 ± 27,8 ml/dl; 205,3 ± 24,1 ml/dl; 196,4 ± 22,3 ml/dl), HDL (43,1 ± 1,5 ml/dl; 44,3 ± 1,5 ml/dl; 44,8 ± 1,4 ml/dl), VLDL (28,3 ± 3,2 ml/dl; 26,2 ± 2,5 ml/dl; 25,4 ± 2,2 ml/dl), LDL (151,8 ± 26,3 ml/dl; 134,9 ± 23,3 ml/dl; 126,2 ± 21,2 ml/dl). We concluded that exercise combination were effective in improvement of hemodynamic, anthropometric and lipid levels in elderly hypertensive.