Selection of hospital quality indicators for public disclosure in Germany.

OBJECTIVES: This paper introduces the QUALIFY instrument as an indicator assessment method used to select quality indicators suitable for public disclosure in Germany. METHODS: Fifty-five hospital quality indicators previously approved in routine use were systematically tested for suitability in public disclosure. A multi-disciplinary expert team including patient representatives used the QUALIFY instrument to assess the methodological quality of these indicators in detailed respect to their purpose. The team applied 14 of the 20 QUALIFY criteria to each indicator, the minimum acceptance level for public reporting was determined in advance. RESULTS: Thirty one indicators from eleven clinical conditions fulfilled all fourteen methodological criteria required for national reporting. They include eleven outcome and twenty process indicators. CONCLUSIONS: QUALIFY proved to be a useful tool for selecting quality indicators suitable for public disclosure and thus contributes substantially to proper information on German hospital quality. It ensures high transparency in a very sensitive context to all stakeholders.

[BQS1 indicators as a monitoring tool for guideline implementation using selected quality indicators in the treatment of patients with breast cancer and femoral neck fractures]. / Qualitätsindikatoren der BQS als Monitoring--Instrument zur Leitlinienimplementierung am Beispiel ausgewählter Qualitätsindikatoren bei Mammakarzinom und Schenkelhalsfraktur.

Successfully implemented clinical guidelines can contribute to improvement in the quality of care. In the context of clinical guidelines, quality indicators play an important role. Quality indicators can contribute to the further development and updating of existing guidelines by analysing their results. In addition, these results support internal and external quality improvement activities and supply information on the implementation status of guideline recommendations giving an impression of the actual quality of care. In this paper the data of the mandatory German performance measurement (specimen radiograph of impalpable breast lesions, preoperative waiting time with femoral neck fracture) were analysed in respect to the extent that guideline recommendations have been implemented in clinical care. We analysed a database of 189,756 and 331,087 patients for the quality indicators 'specimen radiograph' and 'preoperative waiting time', respectively. Depending on the quality of the clinical guideline the results varied. After the publication of this recommendation as part of the German high-quality guideline for neoplasms of the breast in 2004 the proportion of radiographic controls of specimens after breast cancer surgery increased from initially 36% to 84% in 2006, and the variance as a measure of the variability of care decreased considerably. By contrast, the percentage of patients with femoral neck fracture undergoing surgery within 48h did not change noticeably (2003: 19%; 2006: 16%). A German high-quality guideline making a clear recommendation for early surgery does not yet exist. Quality indicators of the German mandatory performance measurement system are suitable for measuring the extent to which guideline recommendations have been implemented and for supporting their (further) development.

[QUALIFY--a tool for assessing quality indicators]. / QUALIFY: Ein Instrument zur Bewertung von Qualitätsindikatoren.

Quality indicators are used world-wide to control the quality of health care. To be effective these indicators have to meet quality criteria themselves. But until now there has been no fully operational method for assessing indicators. Using a systematic review of existing criteria and scientific analyses the criteria set QUALIFY was developed. Particular characteristics of QUALIFY include clear definitions of all criteria, consistent information as the basis of assessment and a standardized approach throughout the assessment process. QUALIFY comprises 20 criteria which are assigned to the three categories relevance, scientific soundness and feasibility. It was tested during the assessment of 55 indicators and served as the methodological basis for selecting those quality indicators that German hospitals are required to report publicly.