[Four new cis-phenylethanoid glycosides from stems of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert].

In order to clarify the chemical constituents of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert, a systematically phytochemical investigation was carried out. The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were determined on the basis of MS, NMR spectroscopic analysis, and comparison with literature data. Four compounds were isolated from the 85% ethanol extract of the stems of C. cultured in Tarim desert. Their structures were identified as cis-tubuloside (1), cis-cistanoside (2), cis-cistanoside J (3), and cis-isocistanoside C(4). Compounds 1-4 were four new cis-phenylethanoid glycosides. Herein, we firstly report the ¹H, ¹³C-NMR data of the new compounds(1-4) for the first time. This study will provide the scientific evidence for comprehensively analyzing the chemical constituents of C. deserticola cultured in Tarim desert.

[Bare Soil Moisture Inversion Model Based on Visible-Shortwave Infrared Reflectance].

Soil is the loose solum of land surface that can support plants. It consists of minerals, organics, atmosphere, moisture, microbes, et al. Among its complex compositions, soil moisture varies greatly. Therefore, the fast and accurate inversion of soil moisture by using remote sensing is very crucial. In order to reduce the influence of soil type on the retrieval of soil moisture, this paper proposed a normalized spectral slope and absorption index named NSSAI to estimate soil moisture. The modeling of the new index contains several key steps: Firstly, soil samples with different moisture level were artificially prepared, and soil reflectance spectra was consequently measured using spectroradiometer produced by ASD Company. Secondly, the moisture absorption spectral feature located at shortwave wavelengths and the spectral slope of visible wavelengths were calculated after analyzing the regular spectral feature change patterns of different soil at different moisture conditions. Then advantages of the two features at reducing soil types' effects was synthesized to build the NSSAI. Thirdly, a linear relationship between NSSAI and soil moisture was established. The result showed that NSSAI worked better (correlation coefficient is 0.93) than most of other traditional methods in soil moisture extraction. It can weaken the influences caused by soil types at different moisture levels and improve the bare soil moisture inversion accuracy.

[Modeling Soil Spectral Reflectance with Different Mass Moisture Content].

The spatio-temporal distribution and variation of soil moisture content have a significant impact on soil temperature, heat balance between land and atmosphere and atmospheric circulation. Hence, it is of great significance to monitor the soil moisture content dynamically at a large scale and to acquire its continuous change during a certain period of time. The object of this paper is to explore the relationship between the mass moisture content of soil and soil spectrum. This was accomplished by building a spectral simulation model of soil with different mass moisture content using hyperspectral remote sensing data. The spectra of soil samples of 8 sampling sites in Beijing were obtained using ASD Field Spectrometer. Their mass moisture contents were measured using oven drying method. Spectra of two soil samples under different mass moisture content were used to construct soil spectral simulation model, and the model was validated using spectra of the other six soil samples. The results show that the accuracy of the model is higher when the mass water content of soil is below field capacity. At last, we used the spectra of three sampling points on campus of Peking University to test the model, and the minimum value of root mean square error between simulated and measured spectral reflectance was 0.0058. Therefore the model is expected to perform well in simulating the spectrum reflectance of different types of soil when mass water content below field capacity.

[Retrieval of spectral characteristics of hyperspectral sensor and retrieval of reflectance spectra].

On-orbit spectral calibration of hyperspectral imaging data is a key step for quantitatively analyzing them. Like the atmospheric correction, accurate spectral calibration is very necessary for improved studies of land or ocean surface properties. Based on the previous literatures, a new method which coupled an optimization algorithm was developed to simultaneously retrieve the central wavelength and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the hyperspectral sensor without needing the in situ reflectance spectra. Firstly, the Hyperion data set simulated using MODTRAN4 with the Hyperion spectral specification was used to test the new method, and the results indicated that the maximum error was less than 0.1 and 0.7 nm for central wavelength and FWHM respectively when the spectral shift is 5 nm. Then the algorithm was applied to the Hyperion data acquired on May 20, 2008 over Heihe River Basin and it was iteratively performed for each detector of the two spectrometers of Hyperion. The results showed that the VNIR of Hyperion had a pronounced smile effect, and the shift in on-orbit calibration with respect to the laboratory was from -2 to +2 nm, while the SWIR has essentially no smile effect, the wavelength correction was relatively flat over all sample with an approximately constant value of 3 nm. The FWHM in VNIR could range from -0.2 to 0.5 nm as a function of sample number of the spectrometer, and in SWIR it ranged from -2 to -3 nm. So for both the VNIR and SWIR, the original spectral calibration should be updated. These results showed good agreement with previous research findings, and which also proved the feasibility of the new method. Finally, with the updated spectral calibration characteristics, the sample reflectances of desert and vegetation target in our study site were reconstructed by applying a further atmospheric correction, and as expected, the strong spikes around the typical atmospheric absorption were almost disappeared.

Application of immunohistochemical labeling in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia and/or cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the best combination of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia and/or cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CK7, CK20, Villin, CEA, P53 and Ki-67 antigens were detected in the tissues of high-level hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer by immunohistochemistry and the results were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Villin was 100% positive in hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia and/or cancer, while 100% negative in the adjacent normal bile duct epithelium. The expression rate of CEA was significantly lower in high-level hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia tissues than in the cancer tissues (P<0.05). Ki-67 indexes were significantly lower in most of the high-level hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia than in the cancer tissue (P<0.01). P53 indexes were also lower in high-level hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of multiple antigens (CEA, Villin, Ki-67 and P53) provides specific clues to the diagnosis of high-grade hepatobiliary intraepithelial neoplasia and/or cancer.</p>

Expression, genetic and epigenetic alterations of LTF gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of LTF mRNA in several nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cell lines, and analyze the relationship between the genetic and epigenetic changes and expression of LTF gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression level of LTF was detected in NPC cell lines HNE1, HNE2, HNE3, CNE1, CNE2, 5-8F, 6-10B cells and tissues of 15 cases of chronic nasopharyngitis by RT-PCR. The LTF protein level was analyzed by Western blotting in 6-10B cells. Then LOH, mutation and methylation status of LTF was examined by microsatellites analysis, PCR-SSCP, MSP and bisulfite genomic sequencing, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>15 chronic nasopharyngitis tissues showed stable LTF expression, while there were weak expression in 6-10B cells and absent expression in remaining detected NPC cell lines. There was a significantly lower LTF expression in chronic nasopharyngitis tissues (Z = -3.738, P = 0.000). No LTF protein expression was observed in 6-10B cells. LOH analysis demonstrated that allele loss of LTF wasn't found in NPC cell lines. LTF mutation was noted in 14.3% (1/7) of NPC cell lines. DNA sequencing confirmed the mutation point in the promoter region (-305 bp to -50 bp) was at -218 bp (del T) of LTF gene in the HNE1 cell line. Methylation of LTF gene was not found in chronic nasopharyngitis. However, methylation of LTF promoter was detected in all NPC cell lines. LTF mRNA expression was increased in 5-8F and 6-10B cell lines after treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is an inactivation of expression of LTF gene in the NPC cell lines. Its molecular mechanism may be related with methylation of promoter region and deletion mutation.</p>

[Effects of graft and nitrogen supply level on water consumption and water use efficiency of solar greenhouse cucumber under traditional irrigation].

An experiment was conducted in solar greenhouse to study the effects of graft and different nitrogen (N) supply levels (0, 110, and 331 kg k x hm(-2)) on the water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under traditional irrigation. The results showed that when topdressing 331 kg N x hm(-2), the water consumption of grafted cucumber was the highest, being 3350 m3 x hm(-2) and 2181 m3 x hm(-2) in winter-spring and autumn-winter cropping, so did the WUE, being 27.2 kg x m(-3) and 36.9 kg x m(-3), respectively. Comparing with those of self-rooted cucumber, the water consumption, economic yield, and WUE of grafted cucumber under the same N topdressing levels were increased by 3%-6%, 28%, and 20.9%, respectively, and the water consumption and WUE of grafted cucumber were increased with increasing N supply level. The water consumption of self-rooted cucumber also increased with increasing N supply level, but its WUE was the highest when the N supply was 110 kg graft could markedly promote the water consumption and WUE of cucumber, and the effect was more markedly with increasing N supply level. To increase N supply could also markedly promote the water consumption of self-rooted cucumber, but the WUE would be lower when excessive N was supplied.