The Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and the Association Between Hyperuricemia and Age in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders to a General Hospital: A Cross-Section Study.

Purpose: In clinical work, it has been found that the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) is significantly higher in younger patients with psychiatric disorders, but there are few studies in this area. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of HUA and the relationship between the HUA and age in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders in the real world, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical staff to pay attention to the metabolic indicators of younger patients and for future related studies. Methods: This is a cross-sectional evaluation of a cohort of 1761 patients with psychiatric disorders of hospitalized. The categories of disorders designed for study included: Depression, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, Acute and transient psychotic disorder, Dissociative(conversion) disorders, Conduct disorders and Tic disorders. In addition, based on age, the participants are stratified into three groups. The authors used Kruskal-Wallis tests, chi-square tests, and multiple linear logistic regression to verify the relationship between HUA and age among hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders. Results: Overall, the estimated prevalence of HUA was 35.4%. The prevalence of HUA was significantly higher in individuals with 17 years and under compared to those with 45 years and above (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of HUA remained higher at 17 years and under than at 45 years and above. Bipolar disorder can lead to an increased prevalence of HUA (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of HUA was higher in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders, and the prevalence was inversely proportional to age.

A novel approach for automatic segmentation of prostate and its lesion regions on magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To develop an accurate and automatic segmentation model based on convolution neural network to segment the prostate and its lesion regions. Methods: Of all 180 subjects, 122 healthy individuals and 58 patients with prostate cancer were included. For each subject, all slices of the prostate were comprised in the DWIs. A novel DCNN is proposed to automatically segment the prostate and its lesion regions. This model is inspired by the U-Net model with the encoding-decoding path as the backbone, importing dense block, attention mechanism techniques, and group norm-Atrous Spatial Pyramidal Pooling. Data augmentation was used to avoid overfitting in training. In the experimental phase, the data set was randomly divided into a training (70%), testing set (30%). four-fold cross-validation methods were used to obtain results for each metric. Results: The proposed model achieved in terms of Iou, Dice score, accuracy, sensitivity, 95% Hausdorff Distance, 86.82%,93.90%, 94.11%, 93.8%,7.84 for the prostate, 79.2%, 89.51%, 88.43%,89.31%,8.39 for lesion region in segmentation. Compared to the state-of-the-art models, FCN, U-Net, U-Net++, and ResU-Net, the segmentation model achieved more promising results. Conclusion: The proposed model yielded excellent performance in accurate and automatic segmentation of the prostate and lesion regions, revealing that the novel deep convolutional neural network could be used in clinical disease treatment and diagnosis.

A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on quality of life and negative emotions of informal cancer caregivers.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in terms of improving the quality of life (QOL) and negative emotion of informal cancer caregivers. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) were searched from the database establishment to October 2021. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation were conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 14.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2,348 cancer informal caregivers (CGs) were included in this study, with an overall loss rate of 13.3%. Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the impact of CBT on QOL (SMD = 0.28, 95%CI: -0.09-0.65, P < 0.001). However, the improvement of depression in CBT intervention group was significantly better than that in control group (SMD = -0.32, 95%CI: -0.56 to -0.07, P = 0.010). The HADS subgroup showed differences in depression scores (SMD = -0.80, 95%CI: -1.30 to -0.29, P = 0.002). The overall effect of CBT on anxiety was statistically different, the improvement of anxiety in CBT intervention group was significantly better than that in control group (SMD = -0.36, 95%CI: -0.720-0.004, P = 0.047). Conclusions: CBT had a positive effect on reducing depression and anxiety in informal cancer caregivers, and the effect on quality of life was not statistically significant, but showed a positive trend. Systematic Review Registration: https://inplasy.com/generate-invoice/, identifier: INPLASY202230120.

A comparison study of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) and magnetization transfer (MT) in multiple sclerosis based on whole brain acquisition at 3.0 T.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that may eventually affect its function. The clinical standard for MS severity is based on a clinical scale, which lacks lesion specific information. Magnetic resonance imaging of MS faces the challenge of myelin specificity, and in this work a new method inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) is investigated as new biomarker of demyelination in MS. METHODS: Local ethics committee approved this study and written informed consents were obtained. Between Oct 2017 to May 2018, eighteen patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (6 males, 12 females, mean age 31.2) and sixteen healthy volunteers (6 males, 10 females, mean age 30.4 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. All subjects underwent MRI exams including MT and ihMT imaging as well as the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) assessments. Independent sample t-test were used to compare the difference of ihMT parameters between healthy white matter (HWM) and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and between HWM and MS lesions, respectively. Spearman correlation were used to analyze the correlation between ihMT parameters of MS lesions and EDSS score. RESULTS: The ihMTR and qihMT demonstrate significant differences between WHM and NAWM groups, while no significant differences are observed for MTR and qMT. All parameters show significant differences between HWM and MS groups (p < 0.05). There was moderate negative correlation between MTR, qMT and EDSS score (-0.440 and -0.572), while there was a strong negative correlation between ihMTR and qihMT and EDSS score (-0.704 and -0.739). CONCLUSION: Based on whole brain analysis at 3.0 T, ihMT showed better correlation with EDSS compared to magnetization transfer imaging, and may be a potentially valuable biomarker for demyelination in MS.

Reproducibility of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT): A test-retest, multi-site study.

BACKGROUND: Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) has been reported to feature superior sensitivity and specificity for myelin imaging. However, the reproducibility on ihMT has yet been rarely investigated up to date. The purpose of the present study is to assess the multi-center reproducibility and test-retest variability of ihMT in central nervous system. METHODS: 5 volunteers were recruited and scanned twice on three 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners using ihMT with identical scan parameters. The maps of quantitative ihMT (qihMT) and ihMT ratio (ihMTR) for each scan were calculated. Voxel based analysis then was performed to generate qihMT and ihMTR values for major white matter fibers. The intra- and inter-scanner reliability and reproducibility was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Bland-Altman method was used to show the level of agreement between two measurement types. Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA test were also used to compare the difference between inter- and intra-scanner, respectively. RESULTS: In the 10 major white matter tracts areas, the ICCs indicated high intra- and inter-scanner measurement reliability and reproducibility. The Bland-Altman plots together with 95% confidence interval (CI) across all ROIs in the five volunteers also demonstrated good repeatability. No significant inter- and intra-scanner differences were found in Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA tests. CONCLUSION: Good inter- and intra-scanner reliability and reproducibility of ihMT measurements were observed in this study. These findings support the use of ihMT measurements as biomarkers in multicenter and/or longitudinal studies.

[Spectroscopic Study of Salbutamol Molecularly Imprinted Polymers].

In order to solve the problem of on-site rapid detection of salbutamol residues in feed and animal products, and develop a new method of fast detection of salbutamol on the basis of the molecular imprinting technology, this article uses the salbutamol (SAL) working as template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) working as functional monomer. On this basis, a new type of core-shell type salbutamol molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared with colloidal gold particles as triggering core. Superficial characteristics of the MIPs and the related compounds were investigated by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and infrared (IR) spectra, Raman spectra, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results indicated that a stable hydrogen bonding complex has been formed between the carboxyl groups of SAL and MA with a matching ratio of 1:1. The complex can be easily eluted by the reagent containing hydrogen bonding. The chemical binding constant K reaches -0.245 x 106 L² · mol⁻². The possible binding sites of the hydrogen bonding was formed between the hydrogen atoms of -COOH in MA and the oxygen atoms of C==O in SAL. IR and Raman spectrum showed that, compared with MA, a significant red shift of -OH absorption peak was manifested in MIPs, which proved that SAL as template molecule occurred a specific bond between MA. Red shift of stretching vibration absorption peak of C==O was also detected in the un-eluted MIPs and obvious energy loss happened, which demonstrated a possible binding sites is SAL intramolecular of C==O atom of oxygen. If the hydrogen atoms of -COOH in MA wanted to generate hydrogen bond. However, the shapes of absorption peak of other functional groups including C==C, C==O, and -OH were very similar both in MIPs and NIPs. Specific cavities were formed after the template molecules in MIPs were removed. It was proved by the adsorption experiment that the specific sites in these cavities highly match with the chemical and space structure of SAL. Besides, colloidal gold type core-shell molecularly imprinted polymers have looser surface, more cavities in the surface compared with ordinary molecularly imprinted polymers, which increased the effective area of adsorption to target molecules. So it have better performance in adsorption. Based on the principle that these cavities can specificly recognize and combine with target molecule in the test sample, and the excellent ability of colloidal gold core-shell molecularly imprinted polymers, the development of novel methods for fast determination of SAL based on the molecular imprinting technology can be expected in the near future.

Development of a mercury detection kit based on melamine-functionalized gold nanoparticles.

A fast and simple mercury detection kit was developed based on melamine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The detection kit contained reagent 1 (GNPs), reagent 2 (melanine), a reaction cuvette with four separated cells, a colorimetric card and a plastic pipette. The GNPs were prepared by a citrate reduction of HAuCl4. A proper amount of melamine was applied to functionalize the GNPs. The complex reaction took place in the present of Hg(2+) in the test samples, leading to the combination of Hg(2+) with the C=N group of melamine located on the surface of the GNPs. This reaction resulted in damage to the stability of colloid gold, and the aggregation of GNPs occurred. Different color changes (from claret-red to lilac, purple and plum) were displayed with different concentrations of Hg(2+) in the test samples. It was very easy and convenient to determine the amount of mercury ion by the naked eye. The advantages of this methodology are listed as follows: a short detecting time (within 10 min), a high specificity (no significant interference was indicated upon adding a certain amount of Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Mg(2+), Cd(2+) and Fe(2+)), high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L(-1) , easy operation and practical on-site use.