RESUMO
A new transfer approach was proposed to share calibration models of the hexamethylenetetramine-acetic acid solution for studying hexamethylenetetramine concentration values across different near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers. This approach combines Savitzky-Golay first derivative (S_G_1) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC) preprocessing, along with feature variable optimization using an adaptive chaotic dung beetle optimization (ACDBO) algorithm. The ACDBO algorithm employs tent chaotic mapping and a nonlinear decreasing strategy, enhancing the balance between global and local search capabilities and increasing population diversity to address limitations observed in traditional dung beetle optimization (DBO). Validated using the CEC-2017 benchmark functions, the ACDBO algorithm demonstrated superior convergence speed, accuracy, and stability. In the context of a partial least squares (PLS) regression model for transferring hexamethylenetetramine-acetic acid solutions using NIR spectroscopy, the ACDBO algorithm excelled over alternative methods such as uninformative variable elimination, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, cuckoo search, grey wolf optimizer, differential evolution, and DBO in efficiency, accuracy of feature variable selection, and enhancement of model predictive performance. The algorithm attained outstanding metrics, including a determination coefficient for the calibration set (Rc2) of 0.99999, a root mean square error for the calibration set (RMSEC) of 0.00195%, a determination coefficient for the validation set (Rv2) of 0.99643, a root mean squared error for the validation set (RMSEV) of 0.03818%, residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 16.72574. Compared to existing OSC, slope and bias correction (S/B), direct standardization (DS), and piecewise direct standardization (PDS) model transfer methods, the novel strategy enhances the accuracy and robustness of model predictions. It eliminates irrelevant background information about the hexamethylenetetramine concentration, thereby minimizing the spectral discrepancies across different instruments. As a result, this approach yields a determination coefficient for the prediction set (Rp2) of 0.96228, a root mean squared error for the prediction set (RMSEP) of 0.12462%, and a relative error rate (RER) of 17.62331, respectively. These figures closely follow those obtained using DS and PDS, which recorded Rp2, RMSEP, and RER values of 0.97505, 0.10135%, 21.67030, and 0.98311, 0.08339%, 26.33552, respectively. Unlike conventional methods such as OSC, S/B, DS, and PDS, this novel approach does not require the analysis of identical samples across different instruments. This characteristic significantly broadens its applicability for model transfer, which is particularly beneficial for transferring specific measurement samples.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of recurrent Mooren ulcers in China. METHODS: Medical records of 139 patients (173 eyes) with Mooren ulcers, including 37 patients (38 eyes) with recurrence, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features and treatment outcomes were evaluated. The risk factors for ulcer recurrence were analyzed with logistic regression; the cumulative risk of recurrence was assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The ratio of males to females with Mooren ulcers was 1.62:1. As to age, 32 of 106 patients aged >35 years and 5 of 33 younger patients (28 males and 9 females) had recurrence. Forty-one patients had bilateral disease (7 eyes removed before their visit to our hospital were excluded) and 98 patients had unilateral disease, with recurrence in 10 and 27 patients, respectively. Thirty eyes had recurrence around the primary lesion; 27 eyes had recurrence within 12 months after treatment. Of all eyes, 97.7% were saved and 81.5% retained vision better than 0.05. The cumulative risk of first recurrence at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months was 10.4%, 17.1%, 22.5%, 27.2%, and 28.6%, respectively. Male sex (P = 0.043) and surgical treatment (P = 0.035) were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with recurrent Mooren ulcers in China. The cumulative risk of first recurrence at 4 years after treatment was 28.6%. Male patients and patients with severe ulcers that required surgery had an increased risk of recurrence.
