RESUMO
Studies have shown that there are overlapping neural bases for cognitive and affective conflict control, but whether the neural activity patterns caused by the two types of conflict are similar remains to be explored. The present study utilizes electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to temporally and spatially analyze the differences between cognitive and affective conflict control. We employ a semantic conflict task which includes blocks of cognitive and affective judgements primed by conflicting and non-conflicting contexts. The results showed a typical neural conflict effect in the cognitive judgment blocks as reflected by greater amplitudes of P2, N400, and the late positive potential (LPP), as well as greater activation of the left pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the conflict condition relative to the non-conflict condition. These patterns did not emerge in the affective judgments, but instead, showed reversed effects of the LPP and in the left SMA. Taken together, these findings suggest that cognitive and affective conflict control result in different neural activity patterns.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Eletroencefalografia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodosRESUMO
Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898: R. unica sp. nov., R. fujianensis sp. nov. and R. hainanensis sp. nov. are described from south China. An identification key to Ricanula species in Chinese fauna is provided. Photographs of the adults and illustrations of genital structures of the new species are also given.
Assuntos
Hemípteros/classificação , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais/anatomia & histologia , Estruturas Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , China , Feminino , Hemípteros/anatomia & histologia , Hemípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Tamanho do ÓrgãoRESUMO
One new species of the planthopper genus Euricania Melichar, 1898 - E. paraclara sp. nov. is described from Guizhou (southwest China). A checklist of all Euricania species and an identification key to the species of the Chinese fauna are provided. Photographs of the adult and illustrations of male and female genitalia of the new species are also given.
