RESUMO
Virchow's triad has been known for a 100 years. The development of therapeutic possibilities during this time was enormous. Today anticoagulant therapy is much more differentiated. Four new oral substances have replaced the traditional treatment with vitamin K antagonists in angiology. A standardized dosage is available. The monitoring of the coagulation parameters is no longer necessary, but it is important to monitor renal function. Direct oral anticoagulants are approved for the treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, but not during pregnancy or in children. Severe bleeding complications, especially intracerebral bleeding, are less common. The incidence of venous thromboembolism is still high. Obesity and cancer are of particular importance. The "therapeutic pact" with the patient requires that physicians master the art of "talking medicine".
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Criança , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Função Renal , GravidezAssuntos
Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Cateterismo Periférico/instrumentação , Perna (Membro)/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In the oral exocrine pancreatic function test using fluorescein dilaurate, this synthetic substrate attaches primarily to the triglyceride surfaces of the neutral lipids administered as part of the breakfast: these fluorescein dilaurate molecules cannot be attacked by cholesterol esterase. In the course of triglyceride saponification by lipase and colipase, however, the fluorescein dilaurate is liberated and hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase. The pancreatic function test, therefore, measures the lipolytic activities not merely of cholesterol esterase, but indirectly of lipase, as well.
Assuntos
Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/fisiologia , Lipase/fisiologia , Lipólise/fisiologia , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Testes de Função Pancreática/métodos , Esterol Esterase/fisiologia , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/fisiologia , Colipases/fisiologia , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Fluoresceínas , Humanos , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
The clinical-chronopharmacological investigations with oral nitrates (ISDN, IS-5-MN) demonstrate that the drugs' pharmacokinetics and/or hemodynamic effects are circadian phase-dependent. For both an immediate-release and a sustained-release preparation of IS-5-MN peak drug concentrations coincided with peak drug effects after morning but not after evening drug application. Results indicate a circadian phase-dependency in the dose-response relationship of oral nitrates.
