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1.
Lung ; 192(4): 589-93, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24801058

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Within a coccidioidal endemic region, pulmonary nodules due to coccidioidomycosis are common. Uptake of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG) by positron emission tomography with computed axial tomography (PET/CT) has been used to assess whether pulmonary nodules are malignant but inflammatory lesions can be positive. The purpose of this study was to compare by PET/CT the (18)FDG uptake in pulmonary nodules likely due to coccidioidomycosis to that of nodules shown to be malignant among patients living in a coccidioidal endemic region. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent a PET/CT at the Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System between January 2008 and March 2012 who were subsequently found on biopsy to have pulmonary nodules that were coccidioidal or granulomatous or were due to malignancy. RESULTS: Among 245 diagnostic biopsies where the subject had a previous PET/CT, 15 (6.1 %) were either coccidioidal (n = 12) or granulomatous without an identified organism (n = 3). The median maximum standard unit of uptake (SUV(max)) on PET/CT of coccidioidal or granulomatous lesions was 2.0 compared to 9.8 for malignant lesions (P < 0.001). The maximum diameter of the coccidioidal or granulomatous nodules was 2.1 cm compared to 3.0 cm for the malignant lesions (P = 0.009). On multivariable analysis, an elevated SUV(max) was the only distinguishing feature between the malignant and the granulomatous lesions (OR 1.28, 95 % CI 1.05-1.55; P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Coccidioidal pulmonary nodules take up significantly less (18)FDG than those due to malignancies, but there is considerable overlap between granulomatous and malignant lesions at lower SUV(max).


Assuntos
Coccidioidomicose/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Endêmicas , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arizona/epidemiologia , Biópsia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Coccidioidomicose/epidemiologia , Coccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem Multimodal , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos/diagnóstico , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos/epidemiologia , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/diagnóstico , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
4.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 27(5): 464-5, 2008 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18398385

RESUMO

Extensive local reactions have been reported after booster doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine, but few data are available on revaccination after these reactions. Of 20 children with extensive local reactions after dose 4, only 4 experienced entire upper arm swelling and 7 had swelling >5 cm after dose 5. These reactions were well tolerated and support revaccination.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/efeitos adversos , Imunização Secundária/efeitos adversos , Braço/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos
5.
J Infect Dis ; 193(10): 1344-9, 2006 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16619180

RESUMO

Replication of Sabin strains used in oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in the intestines of vaccine recipients leads to reversions that increase virus neurovirulence. Previously, a small study reported that prior immunization with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) resulted in faster accumulation of revertant virus, thus potentially increasing the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. We studied the impact that prior immunization with IPV and OPV has on shedding of revertant virus by healthy infants. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we amplified full-length poliovirus genomes directly from stool specimens from unimmunized infants and from infants previously immunized with IPV or OPV. The amplicons were used to quantify reversions in the 5'-untranslated region, using oligonucleotide microarray hybridization. Nearly all 140 samples that were PCR positive contained varying amounts of revertants of all 3 poliovirus serotypes. Polioviruses of Sabin types 2 and 3 reverted more easily than those of type 1. Prior vaccination with IPV did not increase the proportion of revertants after OPV administration.


Assuntos
Poliomielite/prevenção & controle , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/administração & dosagem , Vacina Antipólio Oral/administração & dosagem , Poliovirus/genética , DNA Viral/análise , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/efeitos adversos , Vacina Antipólio Oral/efeitos adversos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Resultado do Tratamento , Regiões não Traduzidas/genética , Vacinação , Eliminação de Partículas Virais
6.
J Infect Dis ; 192(12): 2092-8, 2005 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16288372

RESUMO

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is believed to induce significantly lower mucosal immunity than oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Most of the data supporting this were generated before enhanced IPV (eIPV) was introduced. Excretion of poliovirus by OPV recipients can be used to assess intestinal immunity. We studied polymerase chain reaction amplification of viral complementary DNA from the stool of children vaccinated with either OPV alone or eIPV. Of first-time OPV recipients, 92% excreted virus after 1 week, and 81% excreted virus after 3 weeks. Prior vaccination with OPV reduced the number to 22% and shortened the duration of virus excretion (to 5% after 3 weeks). Two doses of IPV reduced the number of poliovirus-positive 1-week samples (to 76%), the duration of shedding (to 37% at 3 weeks), and the quantity of excreted virus. This suggests that IPV-vaccinated communities are partially protected from the spread of poliovirus. Further enhancement of IPV potency may lead to even higher levels of mucosal immunity.


Assuntos
Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/administração & dosagem , Vacina Antipólio Oral/administração & dosagem , Poliovirus/fisiologia , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , DNA Complementar/análise , DNA Viral/análise , Fezes/virologia , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Poliovirus/genética , Poliovirus/isolamento & purificação , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/classificação , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/imunologia , Vacina Antipólio Oral/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/metabolismo , Sorotipagem
7.
Infect Immun ; 73(7): 3923-8, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15972478

RESUMO

The in situ immunologic response in human coccidioidomycosis remains undefined. To explore this further, pulmonary necrotizing coccidioidal granulomata were examined using immunohistochemical staining for lymphocyte subsets and for the cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Discrete perigranulomatous lymphocytic clusters were seen in eight of nine tissues examined. In these tissues, T lymphocytes (CD3+) significantly outnumbered B lymphocytes (CD20+) in the mantle area of the granulomata (P = 0.028), whereas the clusters were composed of roughly equal numbers of T and B lymphocytes. While the number of cells in the mantle expressing IL-10 was similar to those in the perigranulomatous clusters, there were significantly more cells expressing IFN-gamma in the mantle than in the clusters (P = 0.037). Confocal microscopy revealed that CD4+ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are associated with IL-10 production. CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes were identified in the perigranulomatous clusters but were not associated with IL-10 production. This is the first report noting perigranulomatous lymphocyte clusters and IL-10 in association with human coccidioidal granulomata and suggests that down-regulation of the cellular immune response is occurring within coccidioidal granulomata.


Assuntos
Coccidioidomicose/imunologia , Granuloma/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Coccidioidomicose/patologia , Humanos , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Receptores de Interleucina-2/análise , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia
9.
JAMA ; 293(24): 3003-11, 2005 Jun 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15933223

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Increasing reports of pertussis among US adolescents, adults, and their infant contacts have stimulated vaccine development for older age groups. OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a tetanus-diphtheria 5-component (pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae types 2 and 3) acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in adolescents and adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective, randomized, modified double-blind, comparative trial was conducted in healthy adolescents and adults aged 11 through 64 years from August 2001 to August 2002 at 39 US clinical centers. INTERVENTIONS: A single 0.5-mL intramuscular dose of either Tdap or tetanus-diphtheria vaccine (Td). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Antibody titers to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for Tdap and Td were measured in sera collected from subsets of adolescents and adults, before and 28 days after vaccination. For pertussis antigens, titers in sera from Tdap vaccinees were assessed vs those from infants who received analogous pediatric diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) in a previous efficacy trial. Safety was assessed via solicited local and systemic reactions for 14 days and adverse events for 6 months following vaccination. RESULTS: A total of 4480 participants were enrolled. For both Tdap and Td, more than 94% and nearly 100% of vaccinees had protective antibody concentrations of at least 0.1 IU/mL for diphtheria and tetanus, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titers to pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae types 2 and 3 exceeded (by 2.1 to 5.4 times) levels in infants following immunization at 2, 4, and 6 months with DTaP. The incidence of solicited local and systemic reactions and adverse events was generally similar between the Tdap and Td groups. CONCLUSIONS: This Tdap vaccine elicited robust immune responses in adolescents and adults to pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria antigens, while exhibiting an overall safety profile similar to that of a licensed Td vaccine. These data support the potential routine use of this Tdap vaccine in adolescents and adults.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Criança , Toxoide Diftérico/imunologia , Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Toxoides/imunologia
10.
Neoplasia ; 6(4): 380-9, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15256060

RESUMO

The maspin gene functions as a tumor suppressor in human breasts, and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. In vitro models of human breast cancer indicate that the loss of maspin expression is closely linked to aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter. We conducted a study on 30 archival ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) specimens to determine if aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter occurred in vivo, and whether it occurred early in breast cancer evolution. Healthy tissue obtained from reduction mammoplasty was used as normal control. Results from immunohistochemical analysis indicate that maspin expression is lost in a substantial fraction of DCIS specimens (57%). Bisulfite sequencing of DNA isolated from laser capture-microdissected normal and neoplastic ducts showed that loss of maspin expression was often, but not always, linked to aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter, suggesting that other mechanisms, in addition to aberrant methylation, participate and/or cooperate to silence maspin gene expression. Taken together, these results indicate that aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter is an early event in human breast cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Carcinoma in Situ/genética , Carcinoma Ductal/genética , Metilação de DNA , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Proteínas/genética , Serpinas/genética , Sequência de Bases , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal/patologia , Primers do DNA , Feminino , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Humanos
12.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 23(5): 429-35, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15131466

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Young children have the highest incidence of meningococcal infection. Approximately 50% of disease in United States children less than 2 years of age is caused by serogroups C and Y. In the developing world, serogroups A and W-135 cause outbreaks and epidemics of infection. METHODS: Three groups of 30 infants were enrolled. The first group of infants was given 3 doses of a quadrivalent (group A, C, Y, W-135) polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (MCV-4) at a dosage of 1 microg of each serogroup polysaccharide. The second group of infants was given MCV-4 at a dosage of 4 microg, and the last group of children received a 10-microg dosage. Vaccinations were given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age.A subset of these children was vaccinated at 15 to 18 months of age with licensed meningococcal polysaccharide (A, C, Y, W-135) vaccine. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers were measured with baby rabbit complement. RESULTS: The proportion of infants with local reactions increased significantly with increasing dosages after Injection 1 and 3. Approximately 1 month after completion of the primary series, the proportion of infants with an SBA titer > or = 1/8 ranged from 54 to 92%, depending on the serogroup and dose of polysaccharide contained in the vaccine. The SBA geometric mean titer varied from 17.4 to 101.6. There was no statistically significant difference between the SBA responses among the 3 dosage groups. After vaccination with polysaccharide vaccine at 15 to 18 months of age, mean fold increases in SBA of 4.9 to 170.3 were observed, suggesting an anamnestic response. CONCLUSIONS: MCV-4 appears to have a reactogenicity profile acceptable to parents and health care providers. It was only modestly immunogenic in infants, but it appeared to prime the immune system of the majority of infants given three doses in infancy. There is no statistically significant immunologic advantage conferred by increasing the dosage beyond 4 microg/ml, and local reactions are more frequent after the 10-microg/ml dosage.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Meningocócicas , Neisseria meningitidis/imunologia , Atividade Bactericida do Sangue , Toxoide Diftérico/administração & dosagem , Toxoide Diftérico/efeitos adversos , Toxoide Diftérico/imunologia , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos , Imunização Secundária , Lactente , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Meningocócicas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Meningocócicas/imunologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/administração & dosagem , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/imunologia , Vacinação , Vacinas Conjugadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Conjugadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologia
15.
Hum Pathol ; 35(11): 1303-14, 2004 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15668886

RESUMO

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a novel array microscope for the first ultrarapid virtual slide processor (DMetrix DX-40 digital slide scanner). The array microscope optics consists of a stack of three 80-element 10 x 8-lenslet arrays, constituting a "lenslet array ensemble." The lenslet array ensemble is positioned over a glass slide. Uniquely shaped lenses in each of the lenslet arrays, arranged perpendicular to the glass slide constitute a single "miniaturized microscope." A high-pixel-density image sensor is attached to the top of the lenslet array ensemble. In operation, the lenslet array ensemble is transported by a motorized mechanism relative to the long axis of a glass slide. Each of the 80 miniaturized microscopes has a lateral field of view of 250 microns. The microscopes of each row of the array are offset from the microscopes in other rows. Scanning a glass slide with the array microscope produces seamless two-dimensional image data of the entire slide, that is, a virtual slide. The optical system has a numerical aperture of N.A.= 0.65, scans slides at a rate of 3 mm per second, and accrues up to 3,000 images per second from each of the 80 miniaturized microscopes. In the ultrarapid virtual slide processing cycle, the time for image acquisition takes 58 seconds for a 2.25 cm2 tissue section. An automatic slide loader enables the scanner to process up to 40 slides per hour without operator intervention. Slide scanning and image processing are done concurrently so that post-scan processing is eliminated. A virtual slide can be viewed over the Internet immediately after the scanning is complete. A validation study compared the diagnostic accuracy of pathologist case readers using array microscopy (with images viewed as virtual slides) and conventional light microscopy. Four senior pathologists diagnosed 30 breast surgical pathology cases each using both imaging modes, but on separate occasions. Of 120 case reads by array microscopy, there were 3 incorrect diagnoses, all of which were made on difficult cases with equivocal diagnoses by light microscopy. There was a strong correlation between array microscopy vs. "truth" diagnoses based on surgical pathology reports. The kappa statistic for the array microscopy vs. truth was 0.96, which is highly significant (z=10.33, p <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between rates of agreement with truth between array microscopy and light microscopy (z=0.134, p >0.05). Array microscopy and light microscopy did not differ significantly with respect to the number/percent of correct decisions rendered (t=0.552, p=0.6376) or equivocal decisions rendered (t=2.449, p=0.0917). Pathologists rated 95.8% of array microscopy virtual slide images as good or excellent. None were rated as poor. The mean viewing time for a DMetrix virtual slide was 1.16 minutes. The DMetrix virtual slide processor has been found to reduce the virtual slide processing cycle more than 10 fold, as compared with other virtual slide systems reported to date. The virtual slide images are of high quality and suitable for diagnostic pathology, second opinions, expert opinions, clinical trials, education, and research.


Assuntos
Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Microscopia/instrumentação , Patologia Clínica/instrumentação , Telepatologia/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Microscopia/métodos , Patologia Clínica/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Telepatologia/métodos
16.
Semin Pediatr Infect Dis ; 14(3): 196-8, 2003 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12913831

RESUMO

Extensive local reactions are recognized to occur after administration of the fourth and fifth booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines. The incidence of these reactions is being delineated by prospective studies. Retrospective evaluations suggest that entire proximal limb swelling occurs in 2 to 6 percent of children given booster doses of DTaP vaccines. The reactions subside without sequelae, but they may be misdiagnosed as cellulitis and lead to unnecessary medical intervention. The pathogenesis of these reactions probably is multifactorial. Evidence suggests that both antigen content and prevaccination immunity have roles. Important, unanswered questions are the safety of revaccinating a child who previously has had an extensive local reaction and the safety of introducing further DTaP boosters into the adolescent and adult populations.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/efeitos adversos , Edema/etiologia , Imunização Secundária/efeitos adversos , Criança , Edema/epidemiologia , Edema/fisiopatologia , Extremidades , Humanos , Prevalência
17.
Hum Mol Genet ; 12(10): 1179-85, 2003 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12719382

RESUMO

Lymphedema-distichiasis (LD) (OMIM 153400) is a rare autosomal-dominant condition characterized by pubertal onset of lower limb lymphedema and an aberrant second row of eyelashes arising from the meibomian glands. In some patients cardiac, skeletal and other defects coexist. We previously identified inactivating, nonsense and frameshift mutations in the forkhead transcription factor FOXC2 in affected members of LD families. To further delineate the relationship of FOXC2 deficiency to the clinical (and lymphangiodysplastic) phenotype in this syndrome, we performed dynamic lymphatic imaging and immunohistochemical examination of lymphatic tissues in mice heterozygous (+/-) for a targeted disruption of Foxc2. Adult heterozygote mice characteristically exhibited a generalized lymphatic vessel and lymph node hyper plasia and rarely exhibited hindlimb swelling. Retrograde lymph flow through apparently incompetent interlymphangion valves into the mesenteric nodes, intestinal wall and liver was also observed. In addition, Foxc2 +/- mice uniformly displayed distichiasis. We conclude that Foxc2 haploinsufficient mice mimic closely the distinctive lymphatic and ocular phenotype of LD patients. Furthermore, the craniofacial, cardiovascular and skeletal abnormalities sometimes associated with LD have previously been shown to be fully penetrant in homozygous Foxc2 null mice. This Foxc2 mutant mouse thus provides an ideal model for exploring molecular mechanisms and physiologic events in mesenchymal differentiation associated with lymphatic growth and development and the clinical abnormalities seen in human LD syndrome.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Pestanas/anormalidades , Linfedema/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Genes Dominantes , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Anormalidades Linfáticas/genética , Anormalidades Linfáticas/patologia , Linfedema/metabolismo , Camundongos , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
18.
Pediatrics ; 110(6): e80, 2002 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12456947

RESUMO

Epidemiologic studies have shown that children of all ages with certain chronic conditions, such as asthma, and otherwise healthy children younger than 24 months (6 through 23 months) are hospitalized for influenza and its complications at high rates similar to those experienced by the elderly. Annual influenza immunization is already recommended for all children 6 months and older with high-risk conditions. By contrast, influenza immunization has not been recommended for healthy young children. To protect children against the complications of influenza, increased efforts are needed to identify and recall high-risk children. In addition, immunization of children between 6 through 23 months of age and their close contacts is now encouraged to the extent feasible. Children younger than 6 months may be protected by immunization of their household contacts and out-of-home caregivers. The ultimate goal is universal immunization of children 6 to 24 months of age. Issues that need to be addressed before institution of routine immunization of healthy young children include education of physicians and parents about the morbidity caused by influenza, adequate vaccine supply, and appropriate reimbursement of practitioners for influenza immunization. This report contains a summary of the influenza virus, protective immunity, disease burden in children, diagnosis, vaccines, and antiviral agents.


Assuntos
Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Infecções/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/classificação , Vacinas contra Influenza/economia , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Otite Média/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
19.
J Infect Dis ; 186(12): 1848-51, 2002 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12447774

RESUMO

Healthy adults, 18-55 years old, were immunized once with a tetravalent (serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135) meningococcal vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid at 1 of 3 doses and were monitored for safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity. No immediate reactions were observed. Only 1 of 89 subjects reported fever; only 1 reported any severe reactogenicity (local pain/soreness, chills, arthralgia, anorexia, and malaise). For each serogroup and in each dose group, the geometric mean serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titer and immunoglobulin G concentration increased after immunization. In the 4- and 10-microg-dose groups, all subjects had SBA titers >/=8 against serogroups A and C, and 89% and 93% of subjects had SBA titers >/=8 against serogroups Y and W-135, respectively. The A, C, Y, and W-135 Neisseria meningitidis-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine, when given to healthy adults as a single intramuscular injection of 1, 4, or 10 microg/serogroup, is acceptably tolerated and immunogenic and deserves further development.


Assuntos
Toxoide Diftérico/administração & dosagem , Difteria/prevenção & controle , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinação , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Difteria/imunologia , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Injeções Intramusculares , Masculino , Vacinas Meningocócicas/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vacinas Conjugadas/administração & dosagem
20.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 21(10): 978-9, 2002 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12400528

RESUMO

Two injections of tetravalent (Groups A, C, Y and W-135) meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine conjugated to diphtheria were given to 30 toddlers at dosages of 1, 4 and 10 microg/ml polysaccharide of each serogroup. Reactogenicity was acceptable at all dosages. The 4-microg/ml dose appears to be immunologically optimal.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Imunidade/fisiologia , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinação/métodos , Pré-Escolar , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos , Segurança , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Vacinas Conjugadas
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