RESUMO
The increased clinical use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressives, and anti-inflammatory agents is thought to have contributed to the increased incidence of renal infections due to Candida albicans. To aid in the search for improved anticandidal agents, we developed an experimental model in which C. albicans is injected into the medulla of the surgically exposed kidney of the rat. The ensuing infection is restricted to the urinary tract and can be treated successfully with amphotericin B. This model promises to be of merit in the evaluation of agents potentially useful in treating candidiasis of the urinary tract.
RESUMO
Cephradine, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, is 7[d(-)-2-amino-2-(1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl) acetamido]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrate. The compound has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro. When given subcutaneously to mice, cephradine was appreciably more effective than cephalothin against infections induced by penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Enterobacter cloacae strains. Cephradine and cephaloridine possessed equivalent activity in treating infections caused by these same three gram-negative bacteria. The mean total bioactivity of cephradine in the serum of mice peaked within 30 min (59 mug/ml) after parenteral administration and was approximately threefold that of cephalothin (20 mug/ml), but less than that of cephaloridine (83 mug/ml). Nearly all of the administered cephradine (84%) and cephaloridine (70%) were excreted in the urine as the parent compounds. In contrast, only 47% (total bioactivity) of administered cephalothin was recovered, an amount that represented only 15 to 20% of the parent substance.
