Soluble cellular adhesion molecules in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To measure vitreous levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in the eyes of patients with retinal detachment (RD) due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and to determine whether the levels of these mediators correlated with clinical parameters of disease. METHODS: Undiluted vitreous specimens were collected from 50 eyes of 48 patients undergoing vitrectomy for traction RD due to PDR (21 specimens) and recurrent RD due to PVR (19 specimens). Control vitreous specimens were obtained from patients undergoing macular hole repair (10 specimens). The levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured in each sample by specific enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays. RESULTS: Vitreous levels of sICAM-1 were significantly increased in vitreous specimens from both PVR (median +/- SD; 12.0 +/- 76.3 ng/ml; P < 0.01) and PDR (8.4 +/- 24.0 ng/ml; P < 0.01) when compared to vitreous from eyes with macular holes (0. 3 +/- 4.2 ng/ml). Vitreous levels of sVCAM-1 were significantly increased in both PVR (36.5 +/- 255.2 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and PDR (26. 2 +/- 93.5 ng/ml; P < 0.01) when compared to control vitreous (17.7 +/- 7.8 ng/ml). The vitreous levels of sICAM-1 were higher in cases of PDR which developed recurrent proliferative disease (P < 0.01) and recurrent RD (P = 0.01), whereas the levels of sICAM-1 in PVR and sVCAM-1 in PDR and PVR did not significantly correlate with these clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Soluble forms of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are increased in the vitreous cavity of patients with RD due to PDR or PVR, reflecting the inflammatory nature of these conditions and suggesting a possible role for these mediators in the pathogenesis of proliferative retinal disease. The vitreous levels of these sCAMs at the time of surgery may serve as a marker of inflammation, but their specific levels do not predict the likelihood of recurrent proliferation or surgical anatomic success in most cases of PVR and PDR.

Neovascular complications associated with rubeosis iridis and peripheral retinal detachment after retinal detachment surgery.

PURPOSE: To report clinical features and surgical management of neovascular complications associated with rubeosis iridis and peripheral retinal detachment after retinal detachment surgery in nondiabetic patients. METHODS: Seven consecutive eyes of seven nondiabetic patients who developed neovascular complications associated with rubeosis iridis and peripheral retinal detachment after scleral buckling and vitrectomy procedures were retrospectively reviewed. None of the eyes had clinical evidence of anterior segment ischemia or retinal vascular disease, but each eye developed rubeosis iridis and neovascular complications. RESULTS: Of the seven eyes with rubeosis iridis and peripheral retinal detachment, six developed recurrent or progressive vitreous hemorrhage, and three developed progressive neovascular glaucoma. Four eyes underwent a revision procedure to repair the peripheral retinal detachment, and anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy was found in each of these cases. Rubeosis iridis regressed in all three eyes in which surgery resulted in complete reattachment of the retina. In one eye with persistent peripheral retinal detachment and in the three remaining eyes that did not undergo revision surgery, rubeosis iridis persisted and was associated with long-term neovascular complications. Final corrected visual acuity was 20/70 to 20/400 in three eyes with total retinal reattachment and no light perception to hand motions in four eyes with persistent peripheral retinal detachment and rubeosis iridis. CONCLUSION: Visually significant neovascular complications may occur in eyes that develop rubeosis iridis associated with peripheral retinal detachment after retinal detachment surgery in nondiabetic patients. Successful repair of the peripheral retinal detachment may induce regression of rubeosis iridis, reduce associated complications, and improve the long-term prognosis of these eyes.